下面是一个完整的 **Spring Boot
+ Spring Cloud
+ MyBatis
+ MySQL
+ Nacos + Redis
+ Spring Security
+ Seata** 的微服务部署和调用示例。我们将构建一个包含多个服务的微服务系统，演示服务注册发现、配置中心、数据库访问、服务间调用、事务一致性、安全认证等核心功能。
---
## 🧱 项目结构（多模块）
```
microservice-seata-demo/
├──
nacos-server/ #
Nacos 服务（注册中心
+ 配置中心）
├── user-service/ # 用户服务（MyBatis
+ MySQL
+ Redis）
├── order-service/ # 订单服务（Feign
+ Redis
+ Seata 分布式事务）
├── account-service/ # 账户服务（MySQL
+ Seata）
├──
gateway-service/ # 网关服务（Spring Cloud
Gateway）
├── auth-service/ # 认证服务（Spring Security
+ OAuth2）
```
---
## ✅ 第一步：搭建
Nacos Server（注册中心
+ 配置中心）
### 下载并启动
Nacos
```bash
# 下载
Nacos
wget https://github
.com/alibaba/
nacos/releases/download/2
.2
.3/
nacos-server-2
.2
.3
.tar
.gz
# 解压并启动
tar -zxvf
nacos-server-2
.2
.3
.tar
.gz
cd
nacos/bin
sh startup
.sh -m standalone
```
访问
Nacos 控制台：
```
http://localhost:88
48/
nacos
账号密码：
nacos/
nacos
```
---
## ✅ 第二步：搭建 Seata Server（分布式事务）
### 下载并启动 Seata
```bash
wget https://github
.com/seata/seata/releases/download/v1
.6
.1/seata-server-1
.6
.1
.zip
unzip seata-server-1
.6
.1
.zip
cd seata/bin
sh seata-server
.sh -p 8
091 -m db
```
### 配置 Seata 数据库（MySQL）
创建 `seata` 数据库，并导入 SQL 脚本：
```sql
-- 创建 seata 数据库
CREATE DATABASE seata;
-- 导入建表脚本（来自 seata/conf/db_store
.sql）
```
---
## ✅ 第三步：搭建 user-service（用户服务）
### `pom
.xml`
```xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com
.alibaba
.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-
nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com
.alibaba
.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-
nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.mybatis
.spring
.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2
.3
.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io
.lettuce
.core</groupId>
<artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
```
### `application
.yml`
```yaml
server:
port: 8
081
spring:
application:
name: user-service
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:88
48
config:
server-addr: localhost:88
48
file-extension: yaml
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:33
06/testdb?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: root
driver-class-name: com
.mysql
.cj
.jdbc
.Driver
redis:
host: localhost
port: 6379
```
### 数据库表
```sql
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(2
0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(1
00) DEFAULT NULL,
`email` varchar(1
00) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
```
### `UserController
.java`
```
java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService
.getUserById(id);
}
}
```
---
## ✅ 第四步：搭建 order-service（订单服务）
### `pom
.xml`
```xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com
.alibaba
.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-
nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-
openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io
.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1
.6
.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
```
### `application
.yml`
```yaml
server:
port: 8
082
spring:
application:
name: order-service
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:88
48
alibaba:
seata:
tx-service-group: my_tx_group
seata:
enabled: true
registry:
type:
nacos
nacos:
server-addr: localhost:88
48
application: seata-server
service:
vgroup-mapping:
my_tx_group: default
grouplist:
default: 127
.0.0.1:8
091
```
### `OrderController
.java`
```
java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/orders")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@GetMapping("/create")
@GlobalTransactional
public String createOrder() {
orderService
.createOrder();
return "Order created with transaction";
}
}
```
---
## ✅ 第五步：搭建 account-service（账户服务）
与 `order-service` 类似，用于模拟 Seata 的事务参与方。
---
## ✅ 第六步：搭建
gateway-service（网关服务）
### `pom
.xml`
```xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-
gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com
.alibaba
.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-
nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
```
### `application
.yml`
```yaml
server:
port: 8
08
0
spring:
application:
name:
gateway-service
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:88
48
```
---
## ✅ 第七步：搭建 auth-service（认证服务）
使用 Spring Security
+ OAuth2 实现认证授权。
### `pom
.xml`
```xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-resource-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org
.springframework
.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
```
### `SecurityConfig
.java`
```
java
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {
@Bean
public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest()
.authenticated()
.and()
.oauth2Login();
return http
.build();
}
}
```
---
## 🚀 启动顺序
1
. 启动 `
nacos-server`
2
. 启动 `seata-server`
3
. 启动 `user-service`
4. 启动 `account-service`
5
. 启动 `order-service`
6
. 启动 `
gateway-service`
7
. 启动 `auth-service`
---
## 📡 测试服务调用
- **访问用户服务**（通过网关）：
```
GET http://localhost:8
08
0/user-service/users/1
```
- **创建订单（带分布式事务）**：
```
GET http://localhost:8
08
0/order-service/orders/create
```
---
## ✅ 示例 Dockerfile（适用于任意服务）
```Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim
COPY target/*
.jar app
.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["
java", "-jar", "app
.jar"]
```
---
## ✅ 示例 docker-compose
.yml
```yaml
version: '3
.8'
services:
nacos:
image:
nacos/
nacos-server:v2
.2
.3
container_name:
nacos
ports:
- "88
48:88
48"
environment:
MODE: standalone
seata:
image: seataio/seata-server:1
.6
.1
container_name: seata
ports:
- "8
091:8
091"
environment:
SEATA_PORT: 8
091
user-service:
build:
./user-service
ports:
- "8
081:8
081"
order-service:
build:
./order-service
ports:
- "8
082:8
082"
gateway-service:
build:
./
gateway-service
ports:
- "8
08
0:8
08
0"
```
---
###
本文介绍了如何在Springboot应用中整合SpringCloud、Nacos服务发现、OpenFeign进行服务间通信以及使用Gateway作为微服务网关。详细讲解了Nacos的安装与配置，服务的注册与发现，OpenFeign的优势和配置优化，以及Gateway的配置与路由规则设定，包括断言工厂和过滤器的应用。
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