Android 6.0版本(Api 23)推出了很多新的特性, 大幅提升了用户体验, 同时也为程序员带来新的负担. 动态权限管理就是这样, 一方面让用户更加容易的控制自己的隐私, 一方面需要重新适配应用权限. 时代总是不断发展, 程序总是以人为本, 让我们为应用添加动态权限管理吧!
在开发应用的时候不管是正常权限还是危险权限都必须在应用的Manifest.xml文件中声明。如果设备运行的是Android 5.1或更低的系统,或者应用的目标SDK小于23,那么在Manifest.xml文件中列出的危险权限在安装的时候用户必须接受,要不应用没法安装。如果设备运行的是Android 6.0或更高的系统,或者应用的目标SDK大于等于23,那么在Manifest.xml文件中列出的危险权限,会在应用运行的时候被用户授予或拒绝。开发者需要在代码中对危险权限进行处理。
危险权限组:
Android 代码直接申请权限
//定义一个全局状态
final public static int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE = 123;
//检查权限
int checkCallPhonePermisssion = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);
//判断权限状态
if (checkCallPhonePermisssion != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //需要申请权限
//拒绝一次后就要显示自定义弹框
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("提示")
.setMessage("应用需要开启直接拨打电话权限,是否继续?")
.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this
, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE);
}
})
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {}
}).show();
} else { //第一次直接请求权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this
, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE);
}
} else { //已经获得权限
callDirectly(mobile);
}
在 onRequestPermissionsResult
方法里面查看权限是否申请成功
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions
, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE:
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Permission Granted 授予权限
callDirectly(mMobile);
} else {
// Permission Denied 权限被拒绝
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Denied",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
运用框架
由于Android自带的API使用起来(怎么使用就不写了,网上很多)比较麻烦,所以网上出现了一大堆简化这个过程的开源库,这里选取目前最流行的三个开源库(GitHub上Star最多)PermissionsDispatcher、RxPermissions和easypermissions进行体验并对比他们的用法,了解一下这三个库的功能,方便做出选择。
这里我们分别给出三种框架的基本用法:
如果项目集成了Rxjava2 ,推荐使用 RxPermissions
简单明了
引入依赖:
//RxPermissions
compile ‘com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions2:rxpermissions:0.9.4@aar’
compile ‘io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1’
compile ‘io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.0’
请求单个权限:
requestRxPermissions(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO);
requestRxPermissions(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
requestEachRxPermission(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
//请求权限,单个或者批量请求
private void requestRxPermissions(String... permissions) {
RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);
rxPermissions.request(permissions).subscribe(new Consumer<Boolean>() {
@Override
public void accept(@NonNull Boolean granted) throws Exception {
if (granted){
Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已获取权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else {
Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝一个或以上权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
//requestEach 一个一个的请求
private void requestEachRxPermission(String... permissions) {
RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);
rxPermissions.requestEach(permissions).subscribe(new Consumer<Permission>() {
@Override
public void accept(@NonNull Permission permission) throws Exception {
if (permission.granted) {
Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已获取权限"+ permission.name , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (permission.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale){
//拒绝权限请求
Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限"+ permission.name , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
// 拒绝权限请求,并不再询问
// 需要进入设置界面去设置权限
Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限"+ permission.name +"并不再询问", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
EasyPermissions 用法,如果 google 官方出品
引入依赖
//easypermissions
compile ‘pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.4.2’
//获取单个权限
EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this,
"接下来需要获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限",
R.string.yes,
R.string.no,
0, //requestCode
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
//获取多个权限
EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this,
"接下来需要获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限",
R.string.yes,
R.string.no,
1,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO);
//可以在 onRequestPermissionsResult 里面接收处理
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, new EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks() {
@Override
public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
switch (requestCode){
case 0:
Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case 1:
Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this,
"已获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
@Override
public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
//处理权限名字字符串
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (String str : perms){
sb.append(str);
sb.append("\n");
}
sb.replace(sb.length() - 2,sb.length(),"");
switch (requestCode){
case 0:
Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限" + perms.get(0), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case 1:
Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限"+ perms.get(0), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
if (EasyPermissions.somePermissionPermanentlyDenied(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, perms)) {
Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限" + sb + "并不再询问" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
new AppSettingsDialog
.Builder(EasyPermissionsActivity.this)
.setRationale("此功能需要" + sb + "权限,否则无法正常使用,是否打开设置")
.setPositiveButton("好")
.setNegativeButton("不行")
.build()
.show();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
}
});
}
permissionsdispatcher用法
引入依赖
//PermissionsDispatcher
compile(‘com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher:2.4.0’) {
exclude module: “support-v13”
}
以注解的方式解决动态权限申请
//申请单个权限
PermissionsDispatcherActivityPermissionsDispatcher.getSingleWithCheck(this);
//申请多个权限
PermissionsDispatcherActivityPermissionsDispatcher.getMultiWithCheck(this);
//获取单个权限
@NeedsPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
public void getSingle() {
Toast.makeText(this, "getSingle", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
//获取多个权限
@NeedsPermission({Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO})
public void getMulti() {
Toast.makeText(this, "getMulti", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
//一旦用户拒绝了
@OnPermissionDenied({Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO})
public void multiDenied() {
Toast.makeText(this, "已拒绝一个或以上权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
//用户选择的不再询问
@OnNeverAskAgain(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
public void StorageNeverAsk() {
Toast.makeText(this, "已拒绝WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限,并不再询问", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
//给用户解释要请求什么权限,为什么需要此权限
@OnShowRationale(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
void showSingleRationale(final PermissionRequest request) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setMessage("使用此功能需要WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,下一步将继续请求权限")
.setPositiveButton("下一步", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
request.proceed();//继续执行请求
}
}).setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
request.cancel();//取消执行请求
}
}).show();
}
//onRequestPermissionsResult 里面添加
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
PermissionsDispatcherActivityPermissionsDispatcher.onRequestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, grantResults);
}