Android 6.0 Api 23 动态权限解析

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-28 14:16:11 发布

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本文介绍了Android 6.0引入的动态权限管理，探讨了如何在代码中处理危险权限，特别是在Android 6.0及以上系统中。文章详细讲解了如何直接申请权限，并对比了EasyPermissions、permissionsdispatcher两个流行开源库的用法，提供了相关依赖和基本用法示例，帮助开发者更便捷地实现动态权限管理。

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Android 6.0版本(Api 23)推出了很多新的特性, 大幅提升了用户体验, 同时也为程序员带来新的负担. 动态权限管理就是这样, 一方面让用户更加容易的控制自己的隐私, 一方面需要重新适配应用权限. 时代总是不断发展, 程序总是以人为本, 让我们为应用添加动态权限管理吧!

在开发应用的时候不管是正常权限还是危险权限都必须在应用的Manifest.xml文件中声明。如果设备运行的是Android 5.1或更低的系统，或者应用的目标SDK小于23，那么在Manifest.xml文件中列出的危险权限在安装的时候用户必须接受，要不应用没法安装。如果设备运行的是Android 6.0或更高的系统，或者应用的目标SDK大于等于23，那么在Manifest.xml文件中列出的危险权限，会在应用运行的时候被用户授予或拒绝。开发者需要在代码中对危险权限进行处理。

危险权限组：
在这里插入图片描述

Android 代码直接申请权限

//定义一个全局状态
final public static int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE = 123;

//检查权限
int checkCallPhonePermisssion = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);
//判断权限状态
if (checkCallPhonePermisssion != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //需要申请权限
    //拒绝一次后就要显示自定义弹框
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
        Toast.makeText(this, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("提示")
                .setMessage("应用需要开启直接拨打电话权限，是否继续？")
                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this
                                , new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE);
                    }
                })
                .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {}
                }).show();
    } else { //第一次直接请求权限
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this
                , new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE);
    }
} else { //已经获得权限
    callDirectly(mobile);
}

在 onRequestPermissionsResult 方法里面查看权限是否申请成功

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions
        , @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE:
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // Permission Granted 授予权限
                callDirectly(mMobile);
            } else {
                // Permission Denied 权限被拒绝
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Denied",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}

运用框架

由于Android自带的API使用起来（怎么使用就不写了，网上很多）比较麻烦，所以网上出现了一大堆简化这个过程的开源库，这里选取目前最流行的三个开源库（GitHub上Star最多）PermissionsDispatcher、RxPermissions和easypermissions进行体验并对比他们的用法，了解一下这三个库的功能，方便做出选择。

在这里插入图片描述

这里我们分别给出三种框架的基本用法：
如果项目集成了Rxjava2 ，推荐使用 RxPermissions 简单明了

引入依赖：

//RxPermissions
compile ‘com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions2:rxpermissions:0.9.4@aar’
compile ‘io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1’
compile ‘io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.0’

请求单个权限：

requestRxPermissions(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO);
requestRxPermissions(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
requestEachRxPermission(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

//请求权限，单个或者批量请求
private void requestRxPermissions(String... permissions) {
    RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);
    rxPermissions.request(permissions).subscribe(new Consumer<Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public void accept(@NonNull Boolean granted) throws Exception {
            if (granted){
                Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已获取权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else {
                Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝一个或以上权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    });
}
//requestEach 一个一个的请求
private void requestEachRxPermission(String... permissions) {
    RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);
    rxPermissions.requestEach(permissions).subscribe(new Consumer<Permission>() {
        @Override
        public void accept(@NonNull Permission permission) throws Exception {
            if (permission.granted) {
                Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已获取权限"+ permission.name , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else if (permission.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale){
                //拒绝权限请求
                Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限"+ permission.name , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                // 拒绝权限请求,并不再询问
                // 需要进入设置界面去设置权限
                Toast.makeText(RxPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限"+ permission.name +"并不再询问", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    });

}

EasyPermissions 用法，如果 google 官方出品

引入依赖

//easypermissions
compile ‘pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.4.2’

//获取单个权限
EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this,
        "接下来需要获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限",
        R.string.yes,
        R.string.no,
        0,  //requestCode
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        
//获取多个权限       
EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this,
       "接下来需要获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限",
       R.string.yes,
       R.string.no,
       1,
       Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
       Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO);

//可以在 onRequestPermissionsResult 里面接收处理

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, new EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks() {
        @Override
        public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
            switch (requestCode){
                case 0:
                    Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case 1:
                    Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, 
                            "已获取WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }     
        }
        @Override
        public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
            //处理权限名字字符串
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            for (String str : perms){
                sb.append(str);
                sb.append("\n");
            }
            sb.replace(sb.length() - 2,sb.length(),"");
            switch (requestCode){
                case 0:
                    Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限" + perms.get(0), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case 1:
                    Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限"+ perms.get(0), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
            if (EasyPermissions.somePermissionPermanentlyDenied(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, perms)) {
                Toast.makeText(EasyPermissionsActivity.this, "已拒绝权限" + sb + "并不再询问" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                new AppSettingsDialog
                        .Builder(EasyPermissionsActivity.this)
                        .setRationale("此功能需要" + sb + "权限，否则无法正常使用，是否打开设置")
                        .setPositiveButton("好")
                        .setNegativeButton("不行")
                        .build()
                        .show();
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        }
    });
}

permissionsdispatcher用法

引入依赖

//PermissionsDispatcher
compile(‘com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher:2.4.0’) {
exclude module: “support-v13”
}

以注解的方式解决动态权限申请

//申请单个权限
PermissionsDispatcherActivityPermissionsDispatcher.getSingleWithCheck(this);
//申请多个权限
PermissionsDispatcherActivityPermissionsDispatcher.getMultiWithCheck(this);

//获取单个权限
@NeedsPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
public void getSingle() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "getSingle", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

//获取多个权限
@NeedsPermission({Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO})
public void getMulti() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "getMulti", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

//一旦用户拒绝了
@OnPermissionDenied({Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO})
public void multiDenied() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "已拒绝一个或以上权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

//用户选择的不再询问
@OnNeverAskAgain(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
public void StorageNeverAsk() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "已拒绝WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限，并不再询问", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

//给用户解释要请求什么权限，为什么需要此权限
@OnShowRationale(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
void showSingleRationale(final PermissionRequest request) {
    new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setMessage("使用此功能需要WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE，下一步将继续请求权限")
            .setPositiveButton("下一步", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    request.proceed();//继续执行请求
                }
            }).setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            request.cancel();//取消执行请求
        }
    }).show();
}

//onRequestPermissionsResult 里面添加
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    PermissionsDispatcherActivityPermissionsDispatcher.onRequestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, grantResults);
}