通讯录管理系统（黑马程序员）

原创已于 2025-10-01 20:19:25 修改 · 160 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

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#c++ #算法 #开发语言

于 2025-10-01 20:15:48 首次发布

1.菜单设置

void showMenu()
{
std::cout << "***************************" << std::endl;
std::cout << "*****  1、新建联系人  *****" << std::endl;
std::cout << "*****  2、显示联系人  *****" << std::endl;
std::cout << "*****  3、删除联系人  *****" << std::endl;
std::cout << "*****  4、查找联系人  *****" << std::endl;
std::cout << "*****  5、修改联系人  *****" << std::endl;
std::cout << "*****  6、清空联系人  *****" << std::endl;
std::cout << "*****  0、退出系统    *****" << std::endl;
std::cout << "***************************" << std::endl;
}

2.新建联系人

2.1 定义结构体

联系人结构体

struct Person
{
    std::string m_Name;//姓名
    int m_Sex;//性别
    int m_Age;//年龄
    std::string m_Phone;//电话号码
    std::string m_Addr;//家庭住址
};

通讯录结构体

struct Addressbooks
{
    int m_Size;//定义目前联系人人数
    Person personArray[MAX];//最长的长度为宏常量MAX 1000；
};

2.2编写程序

判断通讯录是否已满

void addPerson(Addressbooks *abs)
{
    //判断通讯录是否已满
    if(abs->m_Size >= Max)//保护边界
    {
        std::cout << "your addressbooks is full" << std::endl;
        return;//返回主函数
    }
	else
	{
		//输入名字
		std::cout << "请输入姓名：" << std::endl;
		std::string name;
		std::cin >> name;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;
		//输入性别
		while (1)
		{
			std::cout << "请输入性别：（1为男，2为女）" << std::endl;
			int sex = 0;
			std::cin >> sex;
			if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
			{
				abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
				break;
			}
			else {
				std::cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << std::endl;
			}
		}
		//输入年龄
		std::cout << "请输入年龄：" << std::endl;
		int age = 0;
		std::cin >> age;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;
		//输入电话号码
		std::cout << "请输入电话号码：" << std::endl;
		std::string phone;
		std::cin >> phone;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;
		//输入家庭住址
		std::cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << std::endl;
		std::string addr;
		std::cin >> addr;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Addr= addr;
		abs->m_Size++;//令目前联系人人数
	}
	
}
}

3.显示联系人

先判断有无联系人

void showPerson(Addressbooks *abs)//用指针更好
{
    //判断有无联系人
    if(abs->m_Size==0)
    {
        std::cout << "没有已存储的联系人" << std::endl;
    }
	else
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
		{
			std::cout  
				<< "[" <<i+1<<"]"
				<< "姓名：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Name
				<< "\t性别：" << (abs->personArray[i].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女")
				<< "\t年龄：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Age
				<< "\t电话号码：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Phone
				<< "\t家庭住址：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Addr
				<<std::endl;
		}
	}
}

4.删除联系人

4.1 isExit函数

判断该联系人是否存在

int isExit(Addressbooks *abs)
{
    //如果m_Size==0，那么该联系人不存在
    if (abs->m_Size == 0)
{
	std::cout << "当前通讯录为空，无联系人可查" << std::endl;
	return -1;
}
    //判断是否存在，若存在，返回其下标，若不存在，返回-1值
	std::cout << "请输入姓名：" << std::endl;
	std::string name;
	std::cin >> name;
	for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
	{
		if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	std::cout << "查无此人！" << std::endl;
	return -1;
}
}

4.2编写函数

根据返回值：

若返回非-1值，将后一位元素覆盖这一位元素，直到最后一位元素，最后更新联系人数量
若返回-1，直接结束函数，返回主函数

void delPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{ 
		int exit = isExit(abs);//创建一个中间变量，并将返回值赋之
		if(exit != -1)//判断该变量的值
		{
			for (int i = exit; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
			{
				abs->personArray[i] = abs->personArray[i + 1];
			}
			abs->m_Size--;// 更新联系人数量（关键！）
			std::cout << "联系人删除成功";
		}
}

5.查找联系人

利用isExit函数判断是否存在，若存在便输出相关信息

void findPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
	int exit = isExit(abs);
	if (exit != -1)
	{    //用三目运算符更简洁
		std::cout << "\n===== 联系人详情 =====" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "姓名：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Name
			<< "\n性别：" << (abs->personArray[exit].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女")
			<< "\n年龄：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Age
			<< "\n电话号码：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Phone
			<< "\n家庭住址：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Addr << std::endl;
	}
}

6.修改联系人

利用isExit函数判断是否存在，若存在就修改，若不存在就返回主菜单

void modifyPerson(Addressbooks *abs)
{
	int exit = isExit(abs);
	if (exit != -1)
	{
		std::cout << "请你重新输入这位联系人的信息" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "请输入姓名：" << std::endl;
		std::string name;
		std::cin >> name;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Name = name;
		//输入性别
		while (1)
		{
			std::cout << "请输入性别：（1为男，2为女）" << std::endl;
			int sex = 0;
			std::cin >> sex;
			if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
			{
				abs->personArray[exit].m_Sex = sex;
				break;
			}
			else {
				std::cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << std::endl;
			}
		}
		//输入年龄
		std::cout << "请输入年龄：" << std::endl;
		int age = 0;
		std::cin >> age;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Age = age;
		//输入电话号码
		std::cout << "请输入电话号码：" << std::endl;
		std::string phone;
		std::cin >> phone;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Phone = phone;
		//输入家庭住址
		std::cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << std::endl;
		std::string addr;
		std::cin >> addr;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Addr = addr;
	}
}

7.清空通讯录

判断通讯录是否为空

直接让m_Size=0

void emptyPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
	if (abs->m_Size == 0)
	{
		std::cout << "当前通讯录已为空，无需清空！" << std::endl;
		return;
	}
	std::cout << "您确定要清空联系人吗？确定请输入1，否则输入0！" << std::endl;
	int empty = 0;
	std::cin >> empty;
	if (empty==1)
	{
		abs->m_Size = 0;
		std::cout << "通讯录已经清空！";
	}
	else if(empty==0){
		std::cout << "未清空通讯录，即将返回主菜单";
	}
	else {
		std::cout << "操作错误，即将返回主菜单";
	}
}

8.退出系统和主函数

8.1退出系统

直接再case语句后接return语句，直接退出主函数

std::cout << "欢迎下次使用，再见！" << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
break;

8.2主函数

给m_Size赋初值

定义结构体变量abs

用while死循环重复程序

switch语句选择功能

system（“pause”）按任意键继续

system（“cls”）清平

int main()
{
	int select = 0;
	Addressbooks abs;
	abs.m_Size = 0;
	while (1)
	{
		showMenu();
		std::cin >> select;
		switch (select)
		{
		case 1:
			addPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 2:
			showPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 3:
			delPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 4:
			findPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 5:
			modifyPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 6:
			emptyPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 0:
		{
			std::cout << "欢迎下次使用，再见！" << std::endl;
			system("pause");
			return 0;
			break;
		}
		default:
			std::cout << "操作错误，请重新输入数字\n";
			break;
		}
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
	}
}

9.源代码

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#define MAX 1000//定义宏常量 MAX 最多人数
//定义联系人结构体
struct Person
{
	std::string m_Name;
	int m_Sex;
	int m_Age;
	std::string m_Phone;
	std::string m_Addr;
};
struct Addressbooks
{
	Person personArray[MAX];
	int m_Size;
};
void addPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
	if (abs->m_Size >= MAX)// 注意用>=，避免等于时仍能添加（边界保护）
	{
		std::cout << "联系人容量已满，无法添加" << std::endl;
	}
	else
	{
		//输入名字
		std::cout << "请输入姓名：" << std::endl;
		std::string name;
		std::cin >> name;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;
		//输入性别
		while (1)
		{
			std::cout << "请输入性别：（1为男，2为女）" << std::endl;
			int sex = 0;
			std::cin >> sex;
			if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
			{
				abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
				break;
			}
			else {
				std::cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << std::endl;
			}
		}
		//输入年龄
		std::cout << "请输入年龄：" << std::endl;
		int age = 0;
		std::cin >> age;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;
		//输入电话号码
		std::cout << "请输入电话号码：" << std::endl;
		std::string phone;
		std::cin >> phone;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;
		//输入家庭住址
		std::cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << std::endl;
		std::string addr;
		std::cin >> addr;
		abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Addr= addr;
		abs->m_Size++;
	}
	
}
void showPerson(Addressbooks *abs)// 2. 显示联系人（指针传递，避免拷贝）
{
	if (abs->m_Size == 0)
	{
		std::cout << "没有已存储的联系人" << std::endl;
	}
	else
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
		{
			std::cout  
				<< "[" <<i+1<<"]"
				<< "姓名：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Name
				<< "\t性别：" << (abs->personArray[i].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女")
				<< "\t年龄：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Age
				<< "\t电话号码：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Phone
				<< "\t家庭住址：" << abs->personArray[i].m_Addr
				<<std::endl;
		}
	}
}
int isExit(Addressbooks *abs)
{
	if (abs->m_Size == 0)
	{
		std::cout << "当前通讯录为空，无联系人可查" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	std::cout << "请输入姓名：" << std::endl;
	std::string name;
	std::cin >> name;
	for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
	{
		if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	std::cout << "查无此人！" << std::endl;
	return -1;
}
void delPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{ 
		int exit = isExit(abs);
		if(exit != -1)
		{
			for (int i = exit; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
			{
				abs->personArray[i] = abs->personArray[i + 1];
			}
			abs->m_Size--;// 更新联系人数量（关键！）
			std::cout << "联系人删除成功";
		}
}
void findPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
	int exit = isExit(abs);
	if (exit != -1)
	{
		std::cout << "\n===== 联系人详情 =====" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "姓名：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Name
			<< "\n性别：" << (abs->personArray[exit].m_Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女")
			<< "\n年龄：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Age
			<< "\n电话号码：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Phone
			<< "\n家庭住址：" << abs->personArray[exit].m_Addr << std::endl;
	}
}
void modifyPerson(Addressbooks *abs)
{
	int exit = isExit(abs);
	if (exit != -1)
	{
		std::cout << "请你重新输入这位联系人的信息" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "请输入姓名：" << std::endl;
		std::string name;
		std::cin >> name;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Name = name;
		//输入性别
		while (1)
		{
			std::cout << "请输入性别：（1为男，2为女）" << std::endl;
			int sex = 0;
			std::cin >> sex;
			if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
			{
				abs->personArray[exit].m_Sex = sex;
				break;
			}
			else {
				std::cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << std::endl;
			}
		}
		//输入年龄
		std::cout << "请输入年龄：" << std::endl;
		int age = 0;
		std::cin >> age;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Age = age;
		//输入电话号码
		std::cout << "请输入电话号码：" << std::endl;
		std::string phone;
		std::cin >> phone;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Phone = phone;
		//输入家庭住址
		std::cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << std::endl;
		std::string addr;
		std::cin >> addr;
		abs->personArray[exit].m_Addr = addr;
	}
}
void emptyPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
	if (abs->m_Size == 0)
	{
		std::cout << "当前通讯录已为空，无需清空！" << std::endl;
		return;
	}
	std::cout << "您确定要清空联系人吗？确定请输入1，否则输入0！" << std::endl;
	int empty = 0;
	std::cin >> empty;
	if (empty==1)
	{
		abs->m_Size = 0;
		std::cout << "通讯录已经清空！";
	}
	else if(empty==0){
		std::cout << "未清空通讯录，即将返回主菜单";
	}
	else {
		std::cout << "操作错误，即将返回主菜单";
	}
}
void showMenu()
{
		std::cout << "***************************" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "*****  1、新建联系人  *****" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "*****  2、显示联系人  *****" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "*****  3、删除联系人  *****" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "*****  4、查找联系人  *****" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "*****  5、修改联系人  *****" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "*****  6、清空联系人  *****" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "*****  0、退出系统    *****" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "***************************" << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
	int select = 0;
	Addressbooks abs;
	abs.m_Size = 0;
	while (1)
	{
		showMenu();
		std::cin >> select;
		switch (select)
		{
		case 1:
			addPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 2:
			showPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 3:
			delPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 4:
			findPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 5:
			modifyPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 6:
			emptyPerson(&abs);
			break;
		case 0:
		{
			std::cout << "欢迎下次使用，再见！" << std::endl;
			system("pause");
			return 0;
			break;
		}
		default:
			std::cout << "操作错误，请重新输入数字\n";
			break;
		}
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
	}
}