Spring AOP：静态代理、动态代理和几种常见的aop配置

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-02-27 12:36:59 发布 2.7k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

JDK动态代理和CGLIB动态代理在SpringAOP中基于动态代理实现功能的增强，也就是动态的生成代理类，在代理类中织入增强的逻辑然后调用目标对象的方法。动态代理中用的比较多的两种：JDK动态代理、CGLIB动态代理。 JDK动态代理使用JDK的java.lang.reflect.Proxy类的newProxyInstance方法实现的代理。用一个测试接口看下具体实现： public interface JdkProxyDemoService { void queryTrs(); } @Service public 阅读详情

本文主要对Spring AOP的相关概念和简单的静态代理、动态代理以及常见的几种AOP配置方式做总结学习。真诚希望大家给予批评和指导。
本文以自己写的一个简单Code为例，主要逻辑结构及说明信息依code中的注释内容为说明，所以可能出现 many codes little explianations.

AOP的常见概念
静态代理
jdk动态代理
Aspectj and Aspectjweaver
aop-config
CGLIB aop-config
AOP动态代理配置
AOP自动识别动态代理配置

1. AOP常见概念

Cross Cutting Concern :
横切性关注点，补充我们OOP纵向编写的补充，可以理解成遍布在系统的处理流程中的，一种独立的服务。
Aspect ：对我们上面的Cross Cutting Concern 的一种模块化，也就是将其封装成一个类。
Advice : 对关注点的具体实现，在切面的某个特定的连接点（ Joinpoint ）上执行的动作。其含有多种通知类型：
之前、返回之后、抛出之后、环绕通知。具体的可以参考文档。
Pointcut : 定义了这个Adivce 应用到那些 Joinpoint 上。
Jointpoint : 是 Advice 在应用程序上的执行点或者时机，对Spring来说，它就是方法调用。
Weave : 将 Advice 应用到Target Object 上的整个过程叫织入。
Target Object : Advice应用的对象。

2. 项目结构

这里写图片描述

3 静态代理和动态代理showing

接口：com.qian.subject.Subject –目标类RealSubject和代理类要实现的接口。
目标类： com.qian.realsubject.RealSubject
静态代理类： com.qian.staticproxy.SubjectStaticProxy
动态代理类： com.qian.dynamicproxy.SubjectDanamicProxy

package com.qian.subject;
/**
 * 实际类RealSubject和代理类要实现的接口；
 * @author Administrator
 */
public interface Subject {

    public void addSub(String name, String password);

    public String findSub(String id);

}

package com.qian.realsubject;
import com.qian.subject.*;

/**
 * Subject的实现类，并重写方法
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class RealSubject implements Subject {

    public void addSub(String name, String password) {
        System.out.println("RealSubject.addSub()   "+ name+"  "+ password);
    }

    public String findSub(String id) {
        System.out.println("RealSubject.findSub()  "+ id);
        return "realSubject.findSub()";
    }

}

package com.qian.staticproxy;

import com.qian.subject.Subject;

public class SubjectStaticProxy implements Subject {
    //Remark: 拿到实际对象的引用；
    private Subject realSubject;

    //这里我们通过构造函数拿到；
    public SubjectStaticProxy(Subject realSubject){
        this.realSubject = realSubject;
    }
    public void addSub(String name, String password) {
        System.out.println("staticProxy do something before realSubject.add()");
        //调用实际对象的方法
        realSubject.addSub(name, password);
    }

    public String findSub(String id) {
        System.out.println("staticProxy do something before realSubject.findSub()");
        return realSubject.findSub(id);
    }

}

package com.qian.danamicproxy;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;

public class SubjectDanamicProxy implements InvocationHandler {

    //实际要传入的realSubject;
    private Object realSubject;

    public Object getSubjectProxy(Object realSubject){
        this.realSubject = realSubject;
        //都是realSubject的；
        Object proxy = Proxy.newProxyInstance(realSubject.getClass().getClassLoader(), 
                realSubject.getClass().getInterfaces(), 
                this);
        //为了看看这个proxy和invoke(proxy)是否一样
        System.out.println("--proxy=Prox.new...() is "+proxy.getClass().getName());
        return proxy;
    }

    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("--proxy in invoke parameters is "+proxy.getClass().getName());
        checkInfo();
        Object result = method.invoke(realSubject, args);       
        return result;
    }

    private void checkInfo(){
        System.out.println("Doing some checking things before method invocation");
    }
}

4 Spring实现AOP的方式之Aspectj注解

Aspectj类：com.qian.springaopaspectj.CheckInfoAspect
xml文件：applicationContextAspectj.xml

package com.qian.springaopaspectj;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;

/**
 * 将 代理类中 都要做得检查操作（横切性关注点模块化）
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Aspect //对横切性关注点的模块化；
public class CheckInfoAspect {

    //定义advice应用到那些连接点上，也就是advice在应用程序上自行的点或者时机
    //poincuName()就是给这个poincut起个名；
    @Pointcut("execution(* add*(..)) || execution(* find*(..))")
    private void poincutName(){}

    //advice也就是关注点的具体实现；before在连接点JointPoint的前面使用
    @Before("poincutName()")
    public void checkInfo(){
        System.out.println("Doing some checking things before method invocation");
    }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">


    <!-- 告诉JVM 我们用了aspectj的 annotation -->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>

    <bean id="realSubject" class="com.qian.realsubject.RealSubject"/>
    <bean id="checkInfoAspect" class="com.qian.springaopanno.CheckInfoAspect"/>



</beans>

5 Spring实现AOP的方式之aop-config

目标类：com.qian.realsubject.RealSubject
Advice类：com.qian.springaopxml.CheckInfoAspectXml
xml文件： applicationContextConfig.xml

package com.qian.springaopxml;

/**
 * 模拟将遍布在系统流程中的检查信息（关注点）模块化成一个Aspect
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class CheckInfoAspectXml {

    public void checkInfo(){
        System.out.println("Doing some checking things before method invocation");
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">


    <bean id="realSubjectCGLIB" class="com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectCGLIB"/>

    <bean id="checkInfoAspectXml" class="com.qian.springaopxml.CheckInfoAspectXml"/>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:aspect id="checkInfoAspectXml" ref="checkInfoAspectXml">

            <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectCGLIB.add*(..))||execution(* find*(..))" id="pointcut"/>

            <aop:before method="checkInfo" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>

        </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>


</beans>

6 插曲，当目标类没有继承接口时，我们用CGLIB，并配置aop-config

类：com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectCGLIB
Advice类：com.qian.springaopxml.CheckInfoAspectXml
xml文件： applicationContextConfigCGLIB.xml

package com.qian.realsubject;

/**
 * 没有实现任何接口，我们用CGLIB来动态代理它
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class RealSubjectCGLIB {

    public void addSub(String name, String password) {
        System.out.println("RealSubject.addSub()   "+ name+"  "+ password);
    }

    public String findSub(String id) {
        System.out.println("RealSubject.findSub()  "+ id);
        return "realSubject.findSub()";
    }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">


    <bean id="realSubjectCGLIB" class="com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectCGLIB"/>

    <bean id="checkInfoAspectXml" class="com.qian.springaopxml.CheckInfoAspectXml"/>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:aspect id="checkInfoAspectXml" ref="checkInfoAspectXml">

            <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectCGLIB.add*(..))||execution(* find*(..))" id="pointcut"/>

            <aop:before method="checkInfo" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>

        </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>


</beans>

7 Spring实现AOP的方式之POJO

目标类： com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectBean
Advice类： com.qian.springaopproxy.RealSubjectBeanHelper –实现了接口 AfterReturningAdvice, MethodBeforeAdvice
xml文件：applicationContextProxy.xml

package com.qian.realsubject;

/**
 * 为了说明 CGLIB 和spring 可以在 JDK动态代理和CGLIB切换
 * 定义了一个没有实现任何借口的普通类；
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class RealSubjectBean {

    private String subName;
    private String password;

    public String getSubName() {
        return subName;
    }

    public void setSubName(String subName) {
        this.subName = subName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public void addSubBean() {
        System.out.println("RealSubjectBean.addSubBean()   "+ subName+"  "+ password);
    }

    public String findSubBean(String subName) {
        System.out.println("RealSubjectBean.findSubBean()  "+ subName);
        return "realSubjectBean.findSubBean()";
    }

}

package com.qian.springaopproxy;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;

/**
 * 使用spring 典型的动态代理来处理
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class RealSubjectHelper implements AfterReturningAdvice, MethodBeforeAdvice {

    public void before(Method arg0, Object[] arg1, Object arg2) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(" RealSubjectHelper BeforMehtod: checking information");
    }

    public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2, Object arg3) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(" RealSubjectHelper AfterMehtod: checking information");
    }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">

    <!-- (1)  注册Bean RealSubjectBean 和实现了 MethodBeforeAdvice AfterReturningAdvice接口的 RealSubjectHelper-->

    <bean id="realSubjectBean" class="com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectBean">
        <property name="subName" value="zhangsan"/>
        <property name="password" value="zhangsan123"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="realSubjectHelper" class="com.qian.springaopproxy.RealSubjectHelper"/>


    <!-- (2) 使用正则表达式来表示切点Pointcut 使用类 JdkRegexpMethodPointcut-->

    <bean id="pointcut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.JdkRegexpMethodPointcut">
        <property name="pattern" value=".*find.*"/>
    </bean>


    <!-- (3) 将横切点的具体实现 Advice 和  切点 Pointcut 联合起来 使用类 DefaultPointcutAdvisor-->
    <!--  
    <bean id="pointcutAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="pointcut" ref="pointcut"/>
        <property name="advice" ref="realSubjectHelper"/>
    </bean>
    -->
    <bean id="pointcutAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor">
        <constructor-arg name="pointcut" ref="pointcut"/>
        <constructor-arg name="advice" ref="realSubjectHelper"/>
    </bean>


    <!--  (4) 生成目标对象RealSubjectBean的代理对象 使用类  ProxyFactoryBean -->

    <bean id="realSubjectBeanProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 目标对象 target -->
        <property name="target" ref="realSubjectBean"/>
        <!-- 拦截方法 -->
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>pointcutAdvisor</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>


</beans>

对 7中的xml进行简化

xml文件： applicationContextProxyV2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">

    <!-- (1)  注册Bean RealSubjectBean 和实现了 MethodBeforeAdvice AfterReturningAdvice接口的 RealSubjectHelper-->

    <bean id="realSubjectBean" class="com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectBean">
        <property name="subName" value="zhangsan"/>
        <property name="password" value="zhangsan123"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="realSubjectHelper" class="com.qian.springaopproxy.RealSubjectHelper"/>


    <!-- (2) 使用正则表达式来表示切点Pointcut 和 横切点的具体实现Advice自动联合 使用类 RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor-->

    <bean id="pointcutAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="pattern" value=".*find.*"/>
        <property name="advice" ref="realSubjectHelper"/>
    </bean>


    <!--  (3) 生成目标对象RealSubjectBean的代理对象 使用类自动代理生成器 DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-->

    <bean id="realSubjectBeanProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"/>

</beans>

8 最主要的Client类

package com.qian.client;

import com.qian.realsubject.RealSubject;
import com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectBean;
import com.qian.realsubject.RealSubjectCGLIB;
import com.qian.staticproxy.SubjectStaticProxy;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.qian.danamicproxy.SubjectDanamicProxy;
import com.qian.subject.Subject;

/**
 * Client主测试类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Client {

    //最通俗易懂的办法 但是耦合度太高了
    public static void subjectImpl(){
        Subject subject = new RealSubject();
        subject.addSub("qian", "520");
        subject.findSub("511");
    }

    // 静态代理
    public static void staticProxy(){

        Subject subject = new SubjectStaticProxy(new RealSubject());
        subject.addSub("name", "password");
        subject.findSub("123");
    }

    // 动态代理
    public static void dynamicProxy(){

        Object proxy = new SubjectDanamicProxy().getSubjectProxy(new RealSubject());
        Subject subject = (Subject)proxy;
        subject.addSub("zhangsan", "pass123");
        subject.findSub("134");
    }

    //使用 Aspectj.jar 和Aspectjweaver.jar 进行注释 推崇
    public static void springaopAspectj(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextAspectj.xml");
        Subject subject = (Subject) context.getBean("realSubject");
        subject.addSub("spring", "aop");
        subject.findSub("1231");
    }

    //使用spring的aop-config进行配置、推崇
    public static void springaopConfig(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextConfig.xml");
        Subject subject = (Subject) context.getBean("realSubject");
        subject.addSub("spring", "aop");
        subject.findSub("1231");
    }

    //对没有实现接口的类使用CGLIB 并使用spring的aop-config进行配置
    public static void springaopConfigCGLIB(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextAopConfigCGLIB.xml");
        RealSubjectCGLIB subject = (RealSubjectCGLIB) context.getBean("realSubjectCGLIB");
        subject.addSub("spring", "aop");
        subject.findSub("1231");
    }

    //spring AOP动态代理
    public static void springaopProxy(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextProxy.xml");
        RealSubjectBean subjectBean = (RealSubjectBean) context.getBean("realSubjectBeanProxy");
        subjectBean.addSubBean();
        subjectBean.findSubBean("springaop4");
    }

    //spirng AOP自动进行匹配的动态代理
    public static void springaopProxyV2(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextProxyV2.xml");
        RealSubjectBean subjectBean = (RealSubjectBean) context.getBean("realSubjectBean");
        subjectBean.addSubBean();
        subjectBean.findSubBean("springaop4");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //subjectImpl();
        //staticProxy();
        //dynamicProxy();
        //springaopConfig();
        //springaopConfigCGLIB();
        //springaopProxy();
        //springaopProxyV2();
    }

}

结果都是预期的结果这里就不显示了。

本project使用的是Maven建的、所以pom.xml如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>springaop</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringAop</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>cglib</groupId>
        <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
</project>