nginx 自定义 404、50x 错误页面

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本文介绍在CentOS 7.6上安装并配置Nginx 1.16.1作为反向代理的过程。内容包括：安装Nginx、启动及设置开机自启、配置反向代理指向目标服务器、自定义404和50x错误页面，并验证配置的有效性。

环境 centos7.6、 nginx 1.16.1
1、安装 nginx，需要配置 epel 源（略）

yum install -y nginx

2、启动 nginx

systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx

3、配置 nginx 反向代理 http://10.2.1.16。
开通 nginx 服务器访问 10.2.1.16 端口权限（略）
这里配置 worker_processes 4，一般根 cpu 核数一致
worker_connections 1024，跟内存大小相关
修改 404 html 页面到 custom_404.html
修改 50x html 页面到 custom_50x.html
参考文章

[root@ansible002 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 4;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include

    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen 90;
        server_name localhost;

        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
        proxy_pass http://10.2.1.16;
        }
      
       #修改 404 html 页面到 custom_404.html
        error_page 404 /custom_404.html;
        location /custom_404.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        internal;
        }
        
       #修改 50x html 页面到 custom_50x.html
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /custom_50x.html;
        location /custom_50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        internal;
        }

    }
}

4、编辑 404、50x html 文件

[root@ansible002 ~]# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/custom_404.html 
<h1 style='color:red'>Error 404: Not found :</h1>
<p>I have no idea where that file is, sorry.  Are you sure you typed in the correct URL?</p>

[root@ansible002 ~]# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/custom_50x.html 
<h1>Oops! Something went wrong...</h1>
<p>We seem to be having some technical difficulties. Hang tight.</p>

5、更新 nginx 配置

nginx -s reload

6、测试
访问一个不存在的页面测试 404，比如 http://nginx_ip/xxx。
修改 proxy_pass http://10.2.1.16 为proxy_pass http://10.2.1.16:9099;，代理一个不存在的服务，nginx -s reload, 访问 http://nginx_ip 测试 50x