【Py】模拟multipart/form-data请求并指定boundary格式

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-25 20:04:29 发布

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分类专栏： Python 后端文章标签： python 后端 http post

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本文介绍如何使用Python的requests库模拟POST请求上传文件，并详细解释了multipart/form-data格式的构造方法，包括如何指定boundary。

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项目中需要模拟一个post请求，将文件上传上去，请求的Content-Type为multipart/form-data
关于multipart/form-data可以参考：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/five3/article/details/7181521

import requests
data = {
    'token': 'Mo3FUXaggKlU7XaMHwkTvKrETUwU0JNqe7cHua09:fN5NwStGwPD7IzYh2OEMqOL8KrA=: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',
    'x:fileKey': '3756f6da-c7e2-4642-9ff6-2891ac118fac',
    'x:uploader':'5b8dfed55affdb35dd32d7b7'
}
files = [
    ("file", ("test.xlsx", b'test', "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"))]
r = requests.post(url='http://httpbin.org/post', data=data, files=files)

print(r.request.body.decode('utf-8'))

--9422a7ece95b010ba15995d85176b89b
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="token"

Mo3FUXaggKlU7XaMHwkTvKrETUwU0JNqe7cHua09:fN5NwStGwPD7IzYh2OEMqOL8KrA=: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
--9422a7ece95b010ba15995d85176b89b
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="x:fileKey"

3756f6da-c7e2-4642-9ff6-2891ac118fac
--9422a7ece95b010ba15995d85176b89b
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="x:uploader"

5b8dfed55affdb35dd32d7b7
--9422a7ece95b010ba15995d85176b89b
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="test.xlsx"
Content-Type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet

test
--9422a7ece95b010ba15995d85176b89b--

我们发现上面的boundary是随机的，如果想要指定boundary格式，可以有如下两种方式：

------WebKitFormBoundarymeldjkFD0SjDBiWM
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="token"

Mo3FUXaggKlU7XaMHwkTvKrETUwU0JNqe7cHua09:fN5NwStGwPD7IzYh2OEMqOL8KrA=: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
------WebKitFormBoundarymeldjkFD0SjDBiWM
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="x:fileKey"

3756f6da-c7e2-4642-9ff6-2891ac118fac
------WebKitFormBoundarymeldjkFD0SjDBiWM
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="x:uploader"

5b8dfed55affdb35dd32d7b7
------WebKitFormBoundarymeldjkFD0SjDBiWM
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="test.xlsx"
Content-Type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet

test
------WebKitFormBoundarymeldjkFD0SjDBiWM--

encode_multipart_formdata

from urllib3 import encode_multipart_formdata
import random
import string

boundary = '----WebKitFormBoundary'+''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits,16))
fields = [("token", (None, 'Mo3FUXaggKlU7XaMHwkTvKrETUwU0JNqe7cHua09:fN5NwStGwPD7IzYh2OEMqOL8KrA=: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', None)),("x:fileKey", (None, '3756f6da-c7e2-4642-9ff6-2891ac118fac', None)),("x:uploader", (None, "5b8dfed55affdb35dd32d7b7", None)),("file", ("test.xlsx", b'test', "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"))]
m = encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=boundary)
print(m[0].decode('utf-8'))

MultipartEncoder

from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder
import random
import string

boundary = '----WebKitFormBoundary'+''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits,16))
fields = [("token", (None, 'Mo3FUXaggKlU7XaMHwkTvKrETUwU0JNqe7cHua09:fN5NwStGwPD7IzYh2OEMqOL8KrA=: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', None)),("x:fileKey", (None, '3756f6da-c7e2-4642-9ff6-2891ac118fac', None)),("x:uploader", (None, "5b8dfed55affdb35dd32d7b7", None)),("file", ("test.xlsx", b'test', "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"))]
m = MultipartEncoder(fields, boundary=boundary)
print(m.read().decode('utf-8'))