Given an array of integers, every element appears three times except for one. Find that single one.
Note:
Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?
用map的话与上一道的答案可以完全一样。
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class
Solution { public : int
singleNumber( int
A[], int
n) { map< int , int >
mp; for
( int
i= 0 ;
i<n; i++){ mp[A[i]]++; } int
j= 0 ; while (mp[A[j]]
!= 1 ){ j++; } return
A[j]; } }; |
Single Number的本质,就是用一个数记录每个bit出现的次数,如果一个bit出现两次就归0,这种运算采用二进制底下的位操作^是很自然的。Single Number II中,如果能定义三进制底下的某种位操作,也可以达到相同的效果,Single Number II中想要记录每个bit出现的次数,一个数搞不定就加两个数,用ones来记录只出现过一次的bits,用twos来记录只出现过两次的bits,ones&twos实际上就记录了出现过三次的bits,这时候我们来模拟进行出现3次就抵消为0的操作,抹去ones和twos中都为1的bits。
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public
int
singleNumber( int []
A) {
int
ones = 0 ; //记录只出现过1次的bits
int
twos = 0 ; //记录只出现过2次的bits
int
threes;
for ( int
i = 0 ;
i < A.length; i++){
int
t = A[i];
twos
|= ones&t; //要在更新ones前面更新twos
ones
^= t;
threes
= ones&twos; //ones和twos中都为1即出现了3次
ones
&= ~threes; //抹去出现了3次的bits
twos
&= ~threes;
}
return
ones; }
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