96. Unique Binary Search Trees [LeetCode]

本文介绍了LeetCode上第96题“不同的二叉搜索树”的解决方案,通过动态规划的方法计算从1到n能构成的不同二叉搜索树的数量。文章详细解释了递推公式f[n] = Σ(f[x-1]*f[n-x])的由来,并给出了C语言的实现代码。

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/**************************************************************************
 * 
 * 96. [Unique Binary Search Trees](https://leetcode.com/problems/unique-binary-search-trees/)
 * 
 * Given an integer n, return the number of structurally unique BST's (binary search trees) 
 * which has exactly n nodes of unique values from 1 to n.
 * 
 * BST: 
 *  - The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys lesser than the node’s key.
 *  - The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node’s key.
 *  - The left and right subtree each must also be a binary search tree.
 * 
 * 给出1..n的数字序列,问可以组成多少种二叉搜索树。
 * 
 * 我们定义 
 *      f[n] :  长度为n时组成的二叉搜索树。
 * 根节点的情况共有n种,1, 2, 3, ..., n.
 * 把每一种根节点的BST树计算出来,然后把所有根节点的情况加起来即为总的f[n].
 * 
 * 由于二叉树的性质,取某个节点x作为root,左子树元素为 1 ~ x-1, 右子树的元素为 x+1 ~ n 
 * root:x   左子树元素个数:x-1, 右子树元素个数: n - x
 * 现在我们来计算 root 为 x 时的BST数目,把左右子树的BST数目相乘即可.
 * 左子树 1 ~ x-1, 根据定义,可用 f[x-1] 来表示 所有 1 ~ x-1 组成的BST.
 * 
 * 左子树问题解决了,那右子树的 x+1 ~ n的这些数组成的BST如何计算呢?
 * 根据二叉搜索树的性质,因为数字都是排序好的,其实 x+1 ~ n 共有n-x个元素,我们只需关注有多少个元素组成二叉搜索树就行了,
 * 因此右子树对应的BST为 f[n-x],另一种考虑方法是平移右子树序列和1对其,则右子树序列变为 1 ~ n-x
 * 
 * 因此root: x 
 * f[x] = f[x-1] * f[n-x]
 * 
 * f[n] = sum(f[x-1] * f[n-x]), where x ~ (1, n)   //把所有根节点的情况加起来
 * 
 * 
 **************************************************************************/


int numTrees(int n) {
    int *f = (int *)calloc(n + 1, sizeof(int));
    f[0] = 1;
    f[1] = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int x = 1; x <= i; x++)
            f[i] += f[x - 1] * f[i - x];
    }
    int ret = f[n];
    free(f);
    return ret;
}

 

 

 

1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
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