数据结构之C语言Dequeue

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#队列 #数据结构 #c语言

本文介绍了如何使用C语言实现一种名为Deque的数据结构，该结构支持在两端进行插入和删除操作，每个操作的时间复杂度为O(1)。Deque通过双向链表实现，其中Front和Rear分别指向队列的两端。当队列为空时，Front和Rear都指向一个虚拟头结点。文章还给出了函数的格式定义以及样例程序。

6-3 Deque (10 分)

A “deque” is a data structure consisting of a list of items, on which the following operations are possible:

Push(X,D): Insert item X on the front end of deque D.
Pop(D): Remove the front item from deque D and return it.
Inject(X,D): Insert item X on the rear end of deque D.
Eject(D): Remove the rear item from deque D and return it. Write routines to support the deque that take O(1) time per operation.

Format of functions:

Deque CreateDeque();
int Push( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Pop( Deque D );
int Inject( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Eject( Deque D );

where Deque is defined as the following:

typedef struct Node *PtrToNode;
struct Node {
    ElementType Element;
    PtrToNode Next, Last;
};
typedef struct DequeRecord *Deque;
struct DequeRecord {
    PtrToNode Front, Rear;
};

Here the deque is implemented by a doubly linked list with a header. Front and Rear point to the two ends of the deque respectively. Front always points to the header. The deque is empty when Front and Rear both point to the same dummy header. Note: Push and Inject are supposed to return 1 if the operations can be done successfully, or 0 if fail. If the deque is empty, Pop and Eject must return ERROR which is defined by the judge program.

Sample program of judge:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define ElementType int
#define ERROR 1e5
typedef enum { push, pop, inject, eject, end } Operation;

typedef struct Node *PtrToNode;
struct Node {
    ElementType Element;
    PtrToNode Next, Last;
};
typedef struct DequeRecord *Deque;
struct DequeRecord {
    PtrToNode Front, Rear;
};
Deque CreateDeque();
int Push( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Pop( Deque D );
int Inject( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Eject( Deque D );

Operation GetOp();          /* details omitted */
void PrintDeque( Deque D ); /* details omitted */

int main()
{
    ElementType X;
    Deque D;
    int done = 0;

    D = CreateDeque();
    while (!done) {
        switch(GetOp()) {
        case push: 
            scanf("%d", &X);
            if (!Push(X, D)) printf("Memory is Full!\n");
            break;
        case pop:
            X = Pop(D);
            if ( X==ERROR ) printf("Deque is Empty!\n");
            break;
        case inject: 
            scanf("%d", &X);
            if (!Inject(X, D)) printf("Memory is Full!\n");
            break;
        case eject:
            X = Eject(D);
            if ( X==ERROR ) printf("Deque is Empty!\n");
            break;
        case end:
            PrintDeque(D);
            done = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Your function will be put here */

Sample Input:

Pop
Inject 1
Pop
Eject
Push 1
Push 2
Eject
Inject 3
End

Sample Output:

Deque is Empty!
Deque is Empty!
Inside Deque: 2 3

Solution

Deque CreateDeque()
{
	Deque a=(Deque)malloc(sizeof(struct DequeRecord));
	PtrToNode h=(PtrToNode)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));    
	h->Next=NULL;
	h->Last=NULL;
	a->Front=h;
	a->Rear=h;
	return a;
}

int Push(ElementType X,Deque D)
{
	PtrToNode n=(PtrToNode)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
	n->Element=X;
	if(D->Front==D->Rear)
	{
		D->Front->Next=n;
		n->Last=D->Front;
		D->Rear=n;
		n->Next=NULL;
	}
	else
	{
		n->Next = D->Front->Next; 
		n->Last = D->Front;
		D->Front->Next->Last=n;
		D->Front->Next=n;
	}
	return 1;
}

ElementType Pop(Deque D) 
{
	if(D->Front==D->Rear)
	return ERROR;
	PtrToNode a;    
	int b;
	a=D->Front->Next;
	b=a->Element;
	if(a->Next==NULL)
	{
		D->Front->Next=NULL;
		D->Rear=D->Front;
		free(a);
	}
	else
	{
		D->Front->Next=a->Next;
		a->Next->Last=D->Front;
		free(a);
	}
	return b;
}

int Inject(ElementType X,Deque D)
{
	PtrToNode n=(PtrToNode)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
    n->Next=NULL;
    n->Element=X;
	if(D->Front==D->Rear)
	{
		D->Front->Next=n;
		n->Last=D->Front;
		D->Rear=n;
	}
	else 
	{
		D->Rear->Next=n;
		n->Last=D->Rear;
		D->Rear=n;
	}
	return X;
}

ElementType Eject(Deque D)
{
	if (D->Front==D->Rear)
	return ERROR;
	PtrToNode a;
	int b;
	a=D->Rear;
	b=a->Element;
	D->Rear=a->Last;
	a->Last->Next=NULL;
	free(a);
	return b;
}