watch_mount(), watch_sb(), and fsinfo() (again)

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watch_mount(), watch_sb(), and fsinfo() (again)

By Jonathan Corbet
February 24, 2020

原文来自:https://lwn.net/Articles/813172/

filesystem的设计目标就是为了减少用户使用时的复杂性。不过,有些时候用户确实希望能看到这个黑盒内部,了解文件系统内部做了些什么事情。David Howells曾经创建了不少针对filesystem的系统调用,为了这个需求,又做了一组patch set增加了3个新的system call。其中1个系统调用我们之前就看到过,另外两个则是全新的。这两个新的系统调用是watch_mount和watch_sb(),它们供进程调用来注册申请,今后在mount point(挂载点)或者是在某个特定的已经mount好的文件系统内部(watch_sb里面的sb指的是superblock)发生变化的时候,这个进程就能收到通知。mount point发生变化,包含在mount point之下mount或者unmount某个文件系统,也包括属性变化,例如read-only、改变挂载点等等。文件系统相关的event也包含一些属性变化,还包括文件系统报错、quota配额问题、远程文件系统的网络问题等。

这些系统调用都是基于Howells近来一直在改善的一个event-notification机制的最新版本的。此前,要想能获取通知,需要先打开一个/dev/watch_queue设备,不过这个接口已经变了。最新版本里面,进程需要调用pipe2(),传入新增的O_NOTIFICATION_PIPE flag,来创建一种特殊的pipe,专用于notification。这个pipe(管道)的写入端不是供application使用的。而pipe的reader端的文件描述符则会传递给下面这两个新增的system call:

    int watch_mount(int dirfd, const char *path, unsigned int flags,
    		    int watch_fd, int watch_id);
    int watch_sb(int dirfd, const char *path, unsigned int flags,
    		 int watch_fd, int watch_id);

在这两种调用中下,dirfd、path和flags都是用来指明所关心的目录的,就跟通常openat()的参数一样。watch_fd则是notification pipe,watch_id则是一个整数值,在所有event里面都会附带返回出来。不过还有个特殊情况,如果watch_id是-1,那么就把现存的监测给删除掉。

应用程序只要对这个管道进行read操作,就可以收到event了。缺省会把所有会影响到这个watch point的event都返回出来。不过应用程序也可以对这个notification pipe进行ioctl()来创建一个filter进行过滤。此外还有一个ioctl()可以来设置容纳这些发给user space的notification的buffer有多大。感兴趣的读者可以看看这个示例程序来了解如何使用这些系统调用 https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-fs.git/tree/samples/watch_queue/watch_test.c?h=fsinfo-core

fsinfo()则是一个此前就提出来过的一个系统调用。它的原型都没有变:

    int fsinfo(int dirfd, const char *path, const struct fsinfo_params *params,
	       void *buffer, size_t buf_size);

参数也没有变过,dirfd和path是用来指定要索取信息的文件系统的。这里没有flags参数了,而是藏在params这个结构中,详情如下:

    struct fsinfo_params {
	__u32	at_flags;
	__u32	flags;
	__u32	request;
	__u32	Nth;
	__u32	Mth;
	__u64	__reserved[3];
    };

这里的at_flags放的就是人们通常在openat()这类系统调用中常用的flags参数。request则指定它在索取什么样的信息,从这个patch里面可以看到它可能的取值范围。可能可以提供的信息(这里说“可能”,是因为有些文件系统其实并没有提供这些信息)包括filesystem limits,timestamp resolution information, volume(卷) UUID, 具体连接到的远程系统的服务器是哪个,等等等等。有些属性可以取多个值,就可以用Nth和Mth这两项来指定是哪个。返回信息的格式其实挺复杂的,数值都是写在上面提供的buffer里的,格式则有好多种可能,取决于申请的目标信息。有些情况下,会返回一个structure,其他一些情况则会返回string或者一个名为“opaque”的类型。patch里面有一些介绍,不过很显然使用这个系统调用的人可能需要自己深入钻研一下,具体返回给他们的数据是什么格式。

这组patch set已经是第17版了,已经演化很久了。目前针对这组patch的唯一评论是来自James Bottomley的,他认为这个fsinfo()系统调用是不是其实并不需要。而是应该修改一下fsconfig()(这是用来配置filesystem attribute的API)的实现方式,能让它变成一个可以set attribute也可以read attribute的接口。目前来说,Howells还没回复。

这组patch已经走到第17版了,这已经能说明很多东西了。大家都赞同,有时候确实需要能从kernel获取一些信息出来,不过这个API还是有点太复杂了,用户比较难于理解。不知道最终是否能够既实现这些功能又能解决这个问题。

全文完

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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/ / FatFs - FAT file system module include file R0.09 (C)ChaN, 2011 /----------------------------------------------------------------------------/ / FatFs module is a generic FAT file system module for small embedded systems. / This is a free software that opened for education, research and commercial / developments under license policy of following trems. / / Copyright (C) 2011, ChaN, all right reserved. / / * The FatFs module is a free software and there is NO WARRANTY. / * No restriction on use. You can use, modify and redistribute it for / personal, non-profit or commercial product UNDER YOUR RESPONSIBILITY. / * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice. / /----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #ifndef _FATFS #define _FATFS 6502 /* Revision ID */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #include "integer.h" /* Basic integer types */ #include "ffconf.h" /* FatFs configuration options */ #include "HeaderFiles.h" #if _FATFS != _FFCONF #error Wrong configuration file (ffconf.h). #endif /* Definitions of volume management */ #if _MULTI_PARTITION /* Multiple partition configuration */ typedef struct { BYTE pd; /* Physical drive number */ BYTE pt; /* Partition: 0:Auto detect, 1-4:Forced partition) */ } PARTITION; extern PARTITION VolToPart[]; /* Volume - Partition resolution table */ #define LD2PD(vol) (VolToPart[vol].pd) /* Get physical drive number */ #define LD2PT(vol) (VolToPart[vol].pt) /* Get partition index */ #else /* Single partition configuration */ #define LD2PD(vol) (vol) /* Each logical drive is bound to the same physical drive number */ #define LD2PT(vol) 0 /* Always mounts the 1st partition or in SFD */ #endif /* Type of path name strings on FatFs API */ #if _LFN_UNICODE /* Unicode string */ #if !_USE_LFN #error _LFN_UNICODE must be 0 in non-LFN cfg. #endif #ifndef _INC_TCHAR typedef WCHAR TCHAR; #define _T(x) L ## x #define _TEXT(x) L ## x #endif #else /* ANSI/OEM string */ #ifndef _INC_TCHAR typedef char TCHAR; #define _T(x) x #define _TEXT(x) x #endif #endif /* File system object structure (FATFS) */ typedef struct { BYTE fs_type; /* FAT sub-type (0:Not mounted) */ BYTE drv; /* Physical drive number */ BYTE csize; /* Sectors per cluster (1,2,4...128) */ BYTE n_fats; /* Number of FAT copies (1,2) */ BYTE wflag; /* win[] dirty flag (1:must be written back) */ BYTE fsi_flag; /* fsinfo dirty flag (1:must be written back) */ WORD id; /* File system mount ID */ WORD n_rootdir; /* Number of root directory entries (FAT12/16) */ #if _MAX_SS != 512 WORD ssize; /* Bytes per sector (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096) */ #endif #if _FS_REENTRANT _SYNC_t sobj; /* Identifier of sync object */ #endif #if !_FS_READONLY DWORD last_clust; /* Last allocated cluster */ DWORD free_clust; /* Number of free clusters */ DWORD fsi_sector; /* fsinfo sector (FAT32) */ #endif #if _FS_RPATH DWORD cdir; /* Current directory start cluster (0:root) */ #endif DWORD n_fatent; /* Number of FAT entries (= number of clusters + 2) */ DWORD fsize; /* Sectors per FAT */ DWORD fatbase; /* FAT start sector */ DWORD dirbase; /* Root directory start sector (FAT32:Cluster#) */ DWORD database; /* Data start sector */ DWORD winsect; /* Current sector appearing in the win[] */ BYTE win[_MAX_SS]; /* Disk access window for Directory, FAT (and Data on tiny cfg) */ } FATFS; /* File object structure (FIL) */ typedef struct { FATFS* fs; /* Pointer to the owner file system object */ WORD id; /* Owner file system mount ID */ BYTE flag; /* File status flags */ BYTE pad1; DWORD fptr; /* File read/write pointer (0 on file open) */ DWORD fsize; /* File size */ DWORD sclust; /* File start cluster (0 when fsize==0) */ DWORD clust; /* Current cluster */ DWORD dsect; /* Current data sector */ #if !_FS_READONLY DWORD dir_sect; /* Sector containing the directory entry */ BYTE* dir_ptr; /* Ponter to the directory entry in the window */ #endif #if _USE_FASTSEEK DWORD* cltbl; /* Pointer to the cluster link map table (null on file open) */ #endif #if _FS_SHARE UINT lockid; /* File lock ID (index of file semaphore table) */ #endif #if !_FS_TINY BYTE buf[_MAX_SS]; /* File data read/write buffer */ #endif } FIL; /* Directory object structure (DIR) */ typedef struct { FATFS* fs; /* Pointer to the owner file system object */ WORD id; /* Owner file system mount ID */ WORD index; /* Current read/write index number */ DWORD sclust; /* Table start cluster (0:Root dir) */ DWORD clust; /* Current cluster */ DWORD sect; /* Current sector */ BYTE* dir; /* Pointer to the current SFN entry in the win[] */ BYTE* fn; /* Pointer to the SFN (in/out) {file[8],ext[3],status[1]} */ #if _USE_LFN WCHAR* lfn; /* Pointer to the LFN working buffer */ WORD lfn_idx; /* Last matched LFN index number (0xFFFF:No LFN) */ #endif } DIR; /* File status structure (FILINFO) */ typedef struct { DWORD fsize; /* File size */ WORD fdate; /* Last modified date */ WORD ftime; /* Last modified time */ BYTE fattrib; /* Attribute */ TCHAR fname[13]; /* Short file name (8.3 format) */ #if _USE_LFN TCHAR* lfname; /* Pointer to the LFN buffer */ UINT lfsize; /* Size of LFN buffer in TCHAR */ #endif } FILINFO; /* File function return code (FRESULT) */ typedef enum { FR_OK = 0, /* (0) Succeeded */ FR_DISK_ERR, /* (1) A hard error occured in the low level disk I/O layer */ FR_INT_ERR, /* (2) Assertion failed */ FR_NOT_READY, /* (3) The physical drive cannot work */ FR_NO_FILE, /* (4) Could not find the file */ FR_NO_PATH, /* (5) Could not find the path */ FR_INVALID_NAME, /* (6) The path name format is invalid */ FR_DENIED, /* (7) Acces denied due to prohibited access or directory full */ FR_EXIST, /* (8) Acces denied due to prohibited access */ FR_INVALID_OBJECT, /* (9) The file/directory object is invalid */ FR_WRITE_PROTECTED, /* (10) The physical drive is write protected */ FR_INVALID_DRIVE, /* (11) The logical drive number is invalid */ FR_NOT_ENABLED, /* (12) The volume has no work area */ FR_NO_FILESYSTEM, /* (13) There is no valid FAT volume */ FR_MKFS_ABORTED, /* (14) The f_mkfs() aborted due to any parameter error */ FR_TIMEOUT, /* (15) Could not get a grant to access the volume within defined period */ FR_LOCKED, /* (16) The operation is rejected according to the file shareing policy */ FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE, /* (17) LFN working buffer could not be allocated */ FR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES, /* (18) Number of open files > _FS_SHARE */ FR_INVALID_PARAMETER /* (19) Given parameter is invalid */ } FRESULT; /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* FatFs module application interface */ FRESULT f_mount (BYTE, FATFS*); /* Mount/Unmount a logical drive */ FRESULT f_open (FIL*, const TCHAR*, BYTE); /* Open or create a file */ FRESULT f_read (FIL*, void*, UINT, UINT*); /* Read data from a file */ FRESULT f_lseek (FIL*, DWORD); /* Move file pointer of a file object */ FRESULT f_close (FIL*); /* Close an open file object */ FRESULT f_opendir (DIR*, const TCHAR*); /* Open an existing directory */ FRESULT f_readdir (DIR*, FILINFO*); /* Read a directory item */ FRESULT f_stat (const TCHAR*, FILINFO*); /* Get file status */ FRESULT f_write (FIL*, const void*, UINT, UINT*); /* Write data to a file */ FRESULT f_getfree (const TCHAR*, DWORD*, FATFS**); /* Get number of free clusters on the drive */ FRESULT f_truncate (FIL*); /* Truncate file */ FRESULT f_sync (FIL*); /* Flush cached data of a writing file */ FRESULT f_unlink (const TCHAR*); /* Delete an existing file or directory */ FRESULT f_mkdir (const TCHAR*); /* Create a new directory */ FRESULT f_chmod (const TCHAR*, BYTE, BYTE); /* Change attriburte of the file/dir */ FRESULT f_utime (const TCHAR*, const FILINFO*); /* Change timestamp of the file/dir */ FRESULT f_rename (const TCHAR*, const TCHAR*); /* Rename/Move a file or directory */ FRESULT f_chdrive (BYTE); /* Change current drive */ FRESULT f_chdir (const TCHAR*); /* Change current directory */ FRESULT f_getcwd (TCHAR*, UINT); /* Get current directory */ FRESULT f_forward (FIL*, UINT(*)(const BYTE*,UINT), UINT, UINT*); /* Forward data to the stream */ FRESULT f_mkfs (BYTE, BYTE, UINT); /* Create a file system on the drive */ FRESULT f_fdisk (BYTE, const DWORD[], void*); /* Divide a physical drive into some partitions */ int f_putc (TCHAR, FIL*); /* Put a character to the file */ int f_puts (const TCHAR*, FIL*); /* Put a string to the file */ int f_printf (FIL*, const TCHAR*, ...); /* Put a formatted string to the file */ TCHAR* f_gets (TCHAR*, int, FIL*); /* Get a string from the file */ #define f_eof(fp) (((fp)->fptr == (fp)->fsize) ? 1 : 0) #define f_error(fp) (((fp)->flag & FA__ERROR) ? 1 : 0) #define f_tell(fp) ((fp)->fptr) #define f_size(fp) ((fp)->fsize) #ifndef EOF #define EOF (-1) #endif /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Additional user defined functions */ /* RTC function */ #if !_FS_READONLY DWORD get_fattime (void); #endif /* Unicode support functions */ #if _USE_LFN /* Unicode - OEM code conversion */ WCHAR ff_convert (WCHAR, UINT); /* OEM-Unicode bidirectional conversion */ WCHAR ff_wtoupper (WCHAR); /* Unicode upper-case conversion */ #if _USE_LFN == 3 /* Memory functions */ void* ff_memalloc (UINT); /* Allocate memory block */ void ff_memfree (void*); /* Free memory block */ #endif #endif /* Sync functions */ #if _FS_REENTRANT int ff_cre_syncobj (BYTE, _SYNC_t*);/* Create a sync object */ int ff_req_grant (_SYNC_t); /* Lock sync object */ void ff_rel_grant (_SYNC_t); /* Unlock sync object */ int ff_del_syncobj (_SYNC_t); /* Delete a sync object */ #endif /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Flags and offset address */ /* File access control and file status flags (FIL.flag) */ #define FA_READ 0x01 #define FA_OPEN_EXISTING 0x00 #define FA__ERROR 0x80 #if !_FS_READONLY #define FA_WRITE 0x02 #define FA_CREATE_NEW 0x04 #define FA_CREATE_ALWAYS 0x08 #define FA_OPEN_ALWAYS 0x10 #define FA__WRITTEN 0x20 #define FA__DIRTY 0x40 #endif /* FAT sub type (FATFS.fs_type) */ #define FS_FAT12 1 #define FS_FAT16 2 #define FS_FAT32 3 /* File attribute bits for directory entry */ #define AM_RDO 0x01 /* Read only */ #define AM_HID 0x02 /* Hidden */ #define AM_SYS 0x04 /* System */ #define AM_VOL 0x08 /* Volume label */ #define AM_LFN 0x0F /* LFN entry */ #define AM_DIR 0x10 /* Directory */ #define AM_ARC 0x20 /* Archive */ #define AM_MASK 0x3F /* Mask of defined bits */ /* Fast seek feature */ #define CREATE_LINKMAP 0xFFFFFFFF /*--------------------------------*/ /* Multi-byte word access macros */ #if _WORD_ACCESS == 1 /* Enable word access to the FAT structure */ #define LD_WORD(ptr) (WORD)(*(WORD*)(BYTE*)(ptr)) #define LD_DWORD(ptr) (DWORD)(*(DWORD*)(BYTE*)(ptr)) #define ST_WORD(ptr,val) *(WORD*)(BYTE*)(ptr)=(WORD)(val) #define ST_DWORD(ptr,val) *(DWORD*)(BYTE*)(ptr)=(DWORD)(val) #else /* Use byte-by-byte access to the FAT structure */ #define LD_WORD(ptr) (WORD)(((WORD)*((BYTE*)(ptr)+1)<<8)|(WORD)*(BYTE*)(ptr)) #define LD_DWORD(ptr) (DWORD)(((DWORD)*((BYTE*)(ptr)+3)<<24)|((DWORD)*((BYTE*)(ptr)+2)<<16)|((WORD)*((BYTE*)(ptr)+1)<<8)|*(BYTE*)(ptr)) #define ST_WORD(ptr,val) *(BYTE*)(ptr)=(BYTE)(val); *((BYTE*)(ptr)+1)=(BYTE)((WORD)(val)>>8) #define ST_DWORD(ptr,val) *(BYTE*)(ptr)=(BYTE)(val); *((BYTE*)(ptr)+1)=(BYTE)((WORD)(val)>>8); *((BYTE*)(ptr)+2)=(BYTE)((DWORD)(val)>>16); *((BYTE*)(ptr)+3)=(BYTE)((DWORD)(val)>>24) #endif #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* _FATFS */ 根据头文件修改一下
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