SpringBoot发送邮件

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-28 14:19:01 发布

Li_Rhine

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-28 14:19:01 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Li_Rhine/article/details/86711687

版权

背景：

邮件使用的场景：注册验证、网站营销、安全的最后一道防线、提醒、监控告警、触发机制

邮件发送的原理

邮件传输协议：SMTP、POP3协议

SMTP接力传送,注重传输

POP3注重从邮件服务器上查看邮件

IMAP 交互式邮件协议（对POP3的补充）

Mime 邮件访问协议

SpringBoot发送邮件，工作中一般通过搭建邮件系统，或者做成微服务的接口形式（HTTP/API）供调用，再结合MQ使用

邮件一般有简单文本邮件、HTML邮件、附件邮件、图片邮件等。

注意：邮箱需开通POP3、IMAP协议

使用之前先导入所需要的jar包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>

邮件模板需要的jar包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

配置文件：application.properties

####到所涉及的邮箱里查找###
####smtp.126.com
####smtp.163,com
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.username=*********@qq.com
####填写授权码，不是邮箱密码
spring.mail.password=zwyhplxkihoibafa
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8

Demo:

package com.neo.helloworld.service;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;

/**
 * @Author Rhine
 * @Date 2019/1/30 16:30
 **/
@Service
public class MailService {

    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    private final Logger logger=LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    /**
     * 简单文本邮件
     * @param to 收件人
     * @param subject 邮件主题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     */
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to,String subject,String content){
        SimpleMailMessage mailMessage=new SimpleMailMessage();
        mailMessage.setTo(to);
        mailMessage.setSubject(subject);
        mailMessage.setText(content);
        mailMessage.setFrom(from);

        mailSender.send(mailMessage);
    }


    /**
     * 发送HTML邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendHtmlMail(String to,String subject,String content) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message=mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper=new MimeMessageHelper(message,true);

        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content,true);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 发送带有附件的文件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param filePath
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to,String subject,String content,String filePath) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message=mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper=new MimeMessageHelper(message,true);

        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content,true);

        FileSystemResource file=new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
        String fileName=file.getFilename();
        helper.addAttachment(fileName,file);
        helper.addAttachment(fileName+"Test",file);//有几个附件就添加几个addAttachment()
        mailSender.send(message);
    }


    /**
     * 发送带有图片的邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param rscPath
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendInlinResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath,String rscId) {

        logger.info("发送静态邮件开始：{},{},{},{},{}",to,subject,content,rscPath,rscId);
        MimeMessage message=mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        try {
            MimeMessageHelper helper=new MimeMessageHelper(message,true);

            helper.setFrom(from);
            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(content,true);

            FileSystemResource res=new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
            helper.addInline(rscId,res);//有几张图片就有几个addInline()方法，content里img标签就有几个
            helper.addInline(rscId,res);
            mailSender.send(message);
            logger.info("发送静态图片邮件成功！");
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            logger.error("发送静态邮件失败：",e);
        }
    }


}

测试方法：

package com.neo.helloworld.service;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    //简单文本邮件
    @Test
    public void sendSimpleMailTest() {
        mailService.sendSimpleMail("2391461197@qq.com","MailSendTest：这是一封爱的邮件","Test 邮件正文：老婆辛苦了，老公爱你！么么哒");
    }

    //网页邮件
    @Test
    public void sendHtmlMail() throws MessagingException {
        String content="<html>\n" +
                            "<body>\n"+
                                "<h3>hello world,这是一封HTML邮件！</h3>\n"+
                            "</body>\n"+
                        "</html>";
        mailService.sendHtmlMail("1425787297@qq.com","MailSendTest：这是一封HTML的邮件",content);
    }

    //附件邮件
    @Test
    public void sendAttachmentsMail() throws MessagingException {
        String filePath="C:\\Users\\Rhine\\Desktop\\备忘.txt";
        mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("1425787297@qq.com","MailSendTest：这是一封附件邮件","这是一个附件邮件",filePath);
    }

    //图片邮件
    @Test
    public void sendInlinResourceMail() {
        String imgPath="C:\\Users\\Rhine\\Desktop\\4444555.jpg";
        String rscId="neo001";
        String content="<html><body>给你一张靓仔的照片<img src=\'cid:"+rscId+"\'></img>" +
                "<img src=\'cid:"+rscId+"\'></img>"+
                "</body></html>";
        mailService.sendInlinResourceMail("1425787297@qq.com","MailSendTest：这是一封图片邮件",content,imgPath,rscId);
    }


    //模板邮件
    @Test
    public void testTemplateTest() throws MessagingException {
        Context context=new Context();
        context.setVariable("id","006");

        String emailContext=templateEngine.process("emailTemplate",context);
        mailService.sendHtmlMail("2391461197@qq.com","subject:这是一个模板邮件",emailContext);
    }
}

其中模板为存放在resource\templates\emailTemplate.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
    <title>邮件模板</title>
</head>
<body>
    您好，感谢您的注册，这是一封验证邮件，请点击下面的链接完成注册，感谢您的支持！<br/>
    <a href="#" th:href="@{http://www.ityouknow.com/register/{id}(id=${id})}">激活账号</a>
</body>
</html>

常见的错误：

421 HL:ICC 该IP同时并发连接数过大

451 Requested mail action not taken:too much fail... 登录失败次数过多，被临时禁止登录

553 authentication is required 认证失败（出现最频繁，检查邮箱配置）