手把手搭建SpringCloud，第七篇——服务链路追踪Zipkin

本文介绍如何使用Zipkin实现服务间调用链路追踪。包括Zipkin服务端和客户端的搭建过程，通过Spring Cloud Sleuth整合Zipkin实现微服务监控。

前言概述：

Zipkin 是一款开源的分布式实时数据追踪系统，主要功能是聚集来自各个异构系统的实时监控数据，和微服务架构下的接口直接的调用链路和系统延时问题。

Spring Cloud Sleuth是对ZipKin的进一步封装。在Spring Cloud Sleuth的封装中，Zipkin分为两端，一个是Zipkin服务端，一个是Zipkin客户端，客户端也就是微服务的应用，客户端会配置服务端的url地址，一旦发生服务间的调用的时候，会被配置在微服务里面的Sleuth的监听器监听，并生成相应的 Trace 和 Span 信息写进http报文头里面，并同时向Zipkin服务端上传这些信息，上传这些信息的主要方式有两种，一种是消息总线的方式如RabbitMq发送，还有一种是http报文的方式发送，向 Zipkin 服务端发送gzip的数据包，服务端接收到gzip的数据包进行解析，根据每个调用链路汇总成调用链路的信息。

项目搭建

1.新建项目一 (zipkin-server)

pom.xml添加依赖

<!-- zipkin server -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
			<artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
			<artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
		</dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 2001
  
spring:
  application:
    name: spc-zipkin-server

启动类

package com.portal;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import zipkin.server.EnableZipkinServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZipkinServer //启动服务链路跟踪
public class SpcZipkinServerApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpcZipkinServerApplication.class, args);
	}

}

配置完毕，启动项目，http:/localhost:2001

2.新建项目2 （zipkin-client）

pom.xml

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
		</dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 2002

spring:
  zipkin:
  #指定Zipkin路径
    base-url: http://localhost:2001
  application:
    name: zipkin-client

测试类

package com.portal;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ControllerTest {
	
	@GetMapping("/zipkin-test")
	public Map<String, Object> getZipkin()
	{
		Map<String, Object> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
		map.put("姓名", "小北");
		map.put("性别", "男");
		map.put("地址", "北京市丰台区");
		return map;
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/zipkin-str")
	public String getStr()
	{
		return "I am SuperMan~~~";
	}

}

启动类

package com.portal;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpcZipkinClientApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpcZipkinClientApplication.class, args);
	}

}

3，新建项目3（结合feign声明式调用项目2中的方法 ,zipkin-client）

pom.xml


        <dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- feign -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
		</dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 2003
  
spring:
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:2001
  application:
    name: zipkin-feign-client

新建接口类，注意：feign消费方式是基于接口的

我这里没有注册到eureka，所以采用的是指定接口名称和url的方式，参考的同学可以试试注册打Eureka会省事。因为我要测试两个方法，所以新建了两个接口类文件。

ZipkinMapper.class

package com.portal.mapper;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@FeignClient(name="zipkin-test",url="http://localhost:2002")
public interface ZipkinMapper {
	
	@RequestMapping("/zipkin-test")
	public Map<String, Object> getZipkin();

}

ZipkinMapper2.class

package com.portal.mapper;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@FeignClient(name="zipkin-str",url="http://localhost:2002")
public interface ZipkinMapper2 {
	
	@RequestMapping("/zipkin-str")
	public String getZipkin();

}

编写测试类 ZipkinController.class

package com.portal.controller;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.portal.mapper.ZipkinMapper;
import com.portal.mapper.ZipkinMapper2;

@RestController
public class ZipkinController {
	
	@Autowired
	private ZipkinMapper _ZipkinMapper;
	
	@Autowired
	private ZipkinMapper2 _ZipkinMapper2;
	
	@GetMapping("/getZipkin")
	public Map<String, Object> getZipkin()
	{
		return _ZipkinMapper.getZipkin();
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/getStr")
	public String getStr()
	{
		return _ZipkinMapper2.getZipkin();
	}

}

OK~三个项目全部启动，测试项目接口，feign方式调用成功。