第九章 子窗口控件part2

9.3静态类别:

在CreateWindow函数中指定窗口类别为「static」静态类别还包括了窗口样式SS_ICON和SS_USERITEM，但是当它们被用作子窗口控件时却没有任何意义。

在CreateWindow程序中指定视窗类别为「static」，您就可以建立静态文字的子视窗控制项。这些子视窗非常「文静」。它既不接收滑鼠或键盘输入，也不向父视窗发送WM_COMMAND讯息。

 

9.4滚动条类别:

#include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; LRESULT CALLBACK ScrollProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; int idFocus ; WNDPROC OldScroll[3] ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Colors1") ; HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush(0) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox ( NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Color Scroll"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam ; } //该程序使用10个子窗口控件：3个滚动条、6个静态文字 //窗口和1个静态矩形框。 //COLORS1不处理WM_PAINT消息，所有的工作几乎都是由子窗口完成的。 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { //crPrim数组中包含三种原色的RGB值 static COLORREF crPrim[3] = { RGB (255, 0, 0), RGB (0, 255, 0), RGB (0, 0, 255) } ; static HBRUSH hBrush[3], hBrushStatic ; static HWND hwndScroll[3], hwndLabel[3], hwndValue[3], hwndRect ; static int color[3], cyChar ; static RECT rcColor ; static TCHAR *szColorLabel[] = {TEXT ("Red"), TEXT ("Green"),TEXT ("Blue") } ; HINSTANCE hInstance ; int i, cxClient, cyClient ; TCHAR szBuffer[10] ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: //该函数获得有关指定窗口的信息，函数也获得在额外窗口内存中指定偏移位地址的32位度整型 hInstance = (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE/*获得应用事例的句柄*/) ; // Create the white-rectangle window against which the // scroll bars will be positioned. The child window ID is 9. hwndRect = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), NULL, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_WHITERECT,//控制以填充矩形方式显示 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU) 9, hInstance, NULL) ; for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++) { // The three scroll bars have IDs 0, 1, and 2, with // scroll bar ranges from 0 through 255. //WS_CHILD：创建一个子窗口 //WS_TABSTOP：当滚动条拥有输入焦点时，在该滚动条的小方框 // 上将显示一个闪烁的灰色块。 hwndScroll[i] = CreateWindow (TEXT ("scrollbar"), NULL, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_TABSTOP | SBS_VERT, 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU) i, hInstance, NULL) ; SetScrollRange(hwndScroll[i], SB_CTL, 0, 255, FALSE) ; SetScrollPos(hwndScroll[i], SB_CTL, 0, FALSE) ; // The three color-name labels have IDs 3, 4, and 5, // and text strings "Red", "Green", and "Blue". hwndLabel[i] = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), szColorLabel[i], WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTER, 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU)(i + 3), hInstance, NULL) ; // The three color-value text fields have IDs 6, 7, // and 8, and initial text strings of "0". hwndValue [i] = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), TEXT ("0"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTER, 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU) (i + 6), hInstance, NULL) ; //该函数改变指定窗口的属性. //函数也将指定的一个32位值设置在窗口的额外存储空间的指定偏移位置 OldScroll[i] = (WNDPROC)SetWindowLong(hwndScroll[i],GWL_WNDPROC, (LONG) ScrollProc) ; hBrush[i] = CreateSolidBrush (crPrim[i]) ; } hBrushStatic = CreateSolidBrush (GetSysColor(COLOR_BTNHIGHLIGHT)) ; cyChar = HIWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits()); return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD(lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD(lParam) ; //设置指定矩形的内容 //设定可以改变颜色的区域的位置 SetRect(&rcColor, cxClient / 2, 0, cxClient, cyClient); //hwndRect是改变颜色的子窗口 MoveWindow(hwndRect, 0, 0, cxClient / 2, cyClient, TRUE) ; for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++) { //滚动条 MoveWindow(hwndScroll[i], (2 * i + 1) * cxClient / 14, 2 * cyChar, cxClient / 14, cyClient - 4 * cyChar, TRUE) ; //标签 MoveWindow(hwndLabel[i], (4 * i + 1) * cxClient / 28, cyChar / 2, cxClient / 7, cyChar, TRUE); //表示值 MoveWindow(hwndValue[i], (4 * i + 1) * cxClient / 28, cyClient - 3 * cyChar / 2, cxClient / 7, cyChar, TRUE) ; } //窗口焦点到父窗口 SetFocus (hwnd) ; return 0 ; case WM_SETFOCUS : SetFocus (hwndScroll[idFocus]) ; return 0 ; case WM_VSCROLL : //在这里获得子窗口的id i = GetWindowLong ((HWND) lParam, GWL_ID) ; switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case SB_PAGEDOWN : color[i] += 15 ; // fall through case SB_LINEDOWN : color[i] = min (255, color[i] + 1) ; break ; case SB_PAGEUP: color[i] -= 15 ; // fall through case SB_LINEUP : color[i] = max (0, color[i] - 1) ; break ; case SB_TOP: color[i] = 0 ; break ; case SB_BOTTOM: color[i] = 255 ; break ; case SB_THUMBPOSITION: case SB_THUMBTRACK: color[i] = HIWORD (wParam); break; default: break; } SetScrollPos(hwndScroll[i], SB_CTL, color[i], TRUE) ; wsprintf(szBuffer, TEXT ("%i"), color[i]) ; //该函数改变指定窗口的标题栏的文本内容（如果窗口有标题栏）。 SetWindowText (hwndValue[i], szBuffer) ; //您可以建立新的画刷并将其句柄插入窗口类别结构中，然后删除旧的画刷： DeleteObject ((HBRUSH) SetClassLong (hwnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND,//获得与类有关的背景刷子的句柄 (LONG)CreateSolidBrush (RGB (color[0], color[1], color[2])))) ; //为了强迫Windows抹掉背景 InvalidateRect (hwnd, &rcColor, TRUE) ; return 0 ; //当一个滚动条控件将要被绘制时发送此消息给它的父窗口 case WM_CTLCOLORSCROLLBAR : //在WM_CTLCOLORSCROLLBAR处理期间窗 //口消息处理程序传回这三画刷中的一个： i = GetWindowLong ((HWND) lParam, GWL_ID) ; return (LRESULT) hBrush[i] ; case WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC ://当一个静态控件将要被绘制时发送此消息给它的父窗口 i = GetWindowLong ((HWND) lParam, GWL_ID) ; if (i >= 3 && i <= 8)// static text controls { SetTextColor((HDC) wParam, crPrim[i % 3]) ; SetBkColor((HDC) wParam, GetSysColor(COLOR_BTNHIGHLIGHT)); return (LRESULT) hBrushStatic ; } break ; case WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE : //将系统颜色的变化通知所有子窗口 DeleteObject(hBrushStatic); hBrushStatic = CreateSolidBrush(GetSysColor(COLOR_BTNHIGHLIGHT)) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: //SetClassLong该函数替换在额外类存储空间的指定偏移地址的32位长整型值 //替换与类有关的背景刷子的句柄 DeleteObject ((HBRUSH)SetClassLong(hwnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH))) ; for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++) DeleteObject (hBrush[i]); DeleteObject(hBrushStatic); PostQuitMessage(0); return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } LRESULT CALLBACK ScrollProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { int id = GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_ID); switch (message) { case WM_KEYDOWN: if (wParam == VK_TAB) SetFocus(GetDlgItem (GetParent(hwnd), (id + (GetKeyState (VK_SHIFT) < 0 ? 2 : 1)) % 3)) ; break ; case WM_SETFOCUS: idFocus = id; break ; } //该函数CallWindowProc将消息信息传送给指定的窗口过程 //lpPrevWndFunc：指向前一个窗口过程的指针。 //hWnd：指向接收消息的窗口过程的句柄。 return CallWindowProc(OldScroll[id], hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }

窗口子类别化（Window Subclassing）
滚动条控件的窗口消息处理程序是Windows内部的。但是，将GWL_WNDPROC标识符作为参数来呼叫GetWindowLong，您就可以得到这个窗口消息处理程序的地址。

 

9.5编辑类别

#include <windows.h> #define ID_EDIT 1 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("PopPad1") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox ( NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, szAppName, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam) { static HWND hwndEdit ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: //ES_MULTILINE:可以建立多行编辑控制项 //ES_LEFT:视窗样式 //ES_AUTOHSCROLL:按Enter键来开始新的一行 hwndEdit = CreateWindow (TEXT ("edit"), NULL, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_HSCROLL | WS_VSCROLL | WS_BORDER | ES_LEFT | ES_MULTILINE | ES_AUTOHSCROLL | ES_AUTOVSCROLL, 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU) ID_EDIT, ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam) -> hInstance, NULL) ; return 0 ; case WM_SETFOCUS: SetFocus(hwndEdit); return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: MoveWindow(hwndEdit, 0, 0, LOWORD (lParam), HIWORD (lParam), TRUE) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: if (LOWORD(wParam) == ID_EDIT) if (HIWORD(wParam) == EN_ERRSPACE || HIWORD(wParam) == EN_MAXTEXT) MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Edit control out of space."), szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }

发送给编辑控件的消息:
SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_CUT, 0, 0); 
SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_COPY, 0, 0); 
SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_CLEAR, 0, 0);
SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_PASTE, 0, 0);//将剪贴簿上的文字插入到编辑控件中的光标位置
SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_GETSEL, (WPARAM) &iStart,(LPARAM) &iEnd);//取得目前选择的起始位置和末尾位置
SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_REPLACESEL, 0, (LPARAM)szString);//可以使用别的文字来置换目前的选择内容
iCount=SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_GETLINECOUNT, 0, 0);//多行编辑控件取得行数
iOffset=SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_LINEINDEX, iLine, 0);//对任何特定的行，您可以取得距离编辑缓冲区文字开头的偏移量
iLength=SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_LINELENGTH, iLine, 0);//行数从0开始计算，iLine值为-1时传回包含游标所在行的偏移量

 

 

9.6清单方块类别

一个清单方块是字符串的集合，这些字符串是一个矩形中可以卷动显示的清单。

清单方块样式:

应该将「listbox」作为窗口类别，将WS_CHILD作为窗口样式。清单方块样式标识符LBS_NOTIFY。LBS_MULTIPLESEL建立一个多项选择清单方块

#include <windows.h> #define ID_LIST 1 #define ID_TEXT 2 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Environ") ; HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox ( NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Environment List Box"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } void FillListBox (HWND hwndList) { int iLength ; TCHAR * pVarBlock, * pVarBeg, * pVarEnd, * pVarName ; //返回一个指向包含所有环境变量的内存块指针 pVarBlock = GetEnvironmentStrings () ; // Get pointer to environment block while (*pVarBlock) { if (*pVarBlock != '=') // Skip variable names beginning with '=' { pVarBeg = pVarBlock ; // Beginning of variable name while (*pVarBlock++ != '=') ; // Scan until '=' pVarEnd = pVarBlock - 1 ; // Points to '=' sign iLength = pVarEnd - pVarBeg ; // Length of variable name // Allocate memory for the variable name and terminating // zero. Copy the variable name and append a zero. pVarName = (TCHAR*)calloc (iLength + 1, sizeof (TCHAR)) ; CopyMemory (pVarName, pVarBeg, iLength * sizeof (TCHAR)) ; pVarName[iLength] = '/0' ; // Put the variable name in the list box and free memory. SendMessage (hwndList, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM) pVarName) ; free (pVarName) ; } while (*pVarBlock++ != '/0') ; // Scan until terminating zero } FreeEnvironmentStrings (pVarBlock) ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam) { static HWND hwndList, hwndText ; int iIndex, iLength, cxChar, cyChar ; TCHAR *pVarName, * pVarValue ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE : //GetDialogBaseUnits:该函数返回系统的对话基本单位， //该基本单位为系统字体字符的平均宽度和高度 cxChar = LOWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ; cyChar = HIWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ; // Create listbox and static text windows. //ENVIRON建立两个子窗口：一个是LBS_STANDARD样式的清单方块，另一个是SS_LEFT //样式（置左对齐文字）的静态窗口。 hwndList = CreateWindow (TEXT ("listbox"), NULL, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | LBS_STANDARD, cxChar, cyChar * 3, cxChar * 16 + GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXVSCROLL), cyChar * 5, hwnd, (HMENU) ID_LIST, (HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE), NULL) ; hwndText = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), NULL, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_LEFT, cxChar, cyChar, GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXSCREEN), cyChar, hwnd, (HMENU) ID_TEXT, (HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE), NULL) ; FillListBox (hwndList) ; return 0 ; case WM_SETFOCUS : SetFocus (hwndList) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND : //检查wParam的低字组是否为ID_LIST（清单方块的子窗口 //ID）和wParam的高字组（通知码）是否等于LBN_SELCHANGE。 if (LOWORD (wParam) == ID_LIST && HIWORD (wParam) == LBN_SELCHANGE) { // Get current selection. //使用LB_GETCURSEL消息来获得选中项目的索引， //使用LB_GETTEXT来获得外部环境 //变量名的字符串本身。 iIndex = SendMessage (hwndList, LB_GETCURSEL, 0, 0) ; iLength = SendMessage (hwndList, LB_GETTEXTLEN, iIndex, 0) + 1 ; pVarName = (TCHAR*)calloc (iLength, sizeof (TCHAR)) ; SendMessage (hwndList, LB_GETTEXT, iIndex, (LPARAM) pVarName) ; // Get environment string. iLength = GetEnvironmentVariable (pVarName, NULL, 0) ; pVarValue = (TCHAR*)calloc (iLength, sizeof (TCHAR)) ; GetEnvironmentVariable (pVarName, pVarValue, iLength) ; // Show it in window. SetWindowText (hwndText, pVarValue) ; free (pVarName) ; free (pVarValue) ; } return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY : PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }