图片二次采样以及自定义圆角图片

1.为什么要进行图片的二次采样?

主要是避免OOM。假设客户端需要加载一张图片,图片尺寸为3000*3000(单位/像素),那么计算一下,如果客户端想显示原图,按一个像素四个字节算,
3000 * 3000 * 4 / 1024 / 1024 = 34 M,想想看客户端一个应用程序的运行内存就十几M,你一下显示一个30多M的图片,直接crash了。
2.怎么解决?

这里就需要对图片进行二次采样。
原理:
BitmapFactory内部的图片解码,形成Bitmap是通过底层C/C++来实现的,有专门的图片界面库,可以通过参数来获取图片的尺寸,以及设置针对颜色加载的采样比率,采样比率就是把多个像素采样成一个像素,图片自然就变小了,最终传递给Java级别的对象,内存就变小了,图片也就变小了。

步骤:
第一步:在加载网络、文件的图片时,进行图片的解码BitmapFactory.decode(),只进行图片的尺寸获取,不进行实际的Bitmap创建,因此,第一次解码,不会占用太多的内存,可以获取图片的宽和高;

第二步:根据图片真实的宽高,以及客户端希望图片加载后的尺寸,进行一个计算,形成一种图片解码时缩小采样的一个数值,这个数值,可以直接运用在BitmapFactory上,加载到内存的Bitmap,就是变小的,内存是小图片的内容,不是原始图片的内存;

大家一个二次采样工具类

/**
 * 二次采样工具类
 * Created by 1 on 2017/10/12.
 */
public class TwoImageUtils {

    private static Bitmap bitmap;

    public static void loadImage(String path, final ImageView imageView) {
        new AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap>() {
            @Override
            protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {
                super.onPostExecute(bitmap);

                if (bitmap != null)
                    imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                else
                    imageView.setImageResource(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);


            }
            @Override
            protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
                try {
                    String path = params[0];
                    URL url = new URL(path);
                    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(5000);
                    int code = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if (code == 200) {
                        //得到图片数据
                        InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                        //BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);//ARGB_888 一个像素占 4个字节  ARGB_565 一个像素占 2 个字节  Alpha Red、Green、Blue(颜色)
                        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
                        //在图片真正解析之前,不要解析图片数据,只需要告诉一下转换器,只要获取图片的像素(宽高)
                        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;//告诉BitmapFactory转换工厂不去真正解析图片只需要拿到图片宽高就行

                        //假解析 API 有bug
                        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, options);
                        //压缩,根据图片采样率进行二次采样   100 * 100 是你所期望的具体图片尺寸
                        //options.inSampleSize = 2; //采样用来计算图片的宽高(1920 * 1080 -> 1920 / 2 1080 / 2)

                        //获取图片宽高,注意:图片的原始宽高
                        int width = options.outWidth;
                        int height = options.outHeight;

                        System.out.println("宽:" + width + "高 : " + height);
                        Log.i("xxx","宽:" + width + "高 : " + height);
                        //定义一个变量去记住我们采样率
                        int inSampleSize = 1;//默认是1 ,即不对图片进行任何压缩
                        //如果想要改变图片的尺寸,改变这里就行(100)
                        if (width > 100 || height > 100) {
                            int halfWidth = width / 2;
                            int halfHeight = height / 2;
                            while ((halfWidth / inSampleSize) >= 100 && (halfHeight / inSampleSize) >= 100) {
                                //计算采样率
                                inSampleSize *= 2;
                            }
                        }
                        //采样率改变了
                        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;// 8

                        //图片压缩完之后,放行图片解析
                        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;//告诉图片转换工厂,可以解析图片了
                        //关闭之前的流
                        is.close();
                        //重新再去得到当前这张图片的字节流数据
                        is = url.openStream();
                        //开始解析图片
                        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, options);
                        //关闭流
                        is.close();
                        // Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
                        return bitmap;
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }


                return null;
            }
        }.execute(path);
    }
    //进行销毁bitmap对象
    public static void destory(){
        bitmap.recycle();
    }
}

定义一个圆角图片(注:必须使用这个二次采样才可以使用)

public class RoundImageView  extends android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatImageView {
    private int mBorderThickness = 0;
    private Context mContext;
    private int defaultColor = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    // 如果只有其中一个有值,则只画一个圆形边框
    private int mBorderOutsideColor = 0;
    private int mBorderInsideColor = 0;
    // 控件默认长、宽
    private int defaultWidth = 0;
    private int defaultHeight = 0;

    public RoundImageView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        mContext = context;
    }

    public RoundImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        mContext = context;
        setCustomAttributes(attrs);
    }

    public RoundImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        mContext = context;
        setCustomAttributes(attrs);
    }

    private void setCustomAttributes(AttributeSet attrs) {
        TypedArray a = mContext.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.roundedimageview);
        mBorderThickness = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.roundedimageview_border_thickness, 0);
        mBorderOutsideColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.roundedimageview_border_outside_color,defaultColor);
        mBorderInsideColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.roundedimageview_border_inside_color, defaultColor);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable() ;
        if (drawable == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (getWidth() == 0 || getHeight() == 0) {
            return;
        }
        this.measure(0, 0);
        if (drawable.getClass() == NinePatchDrawable.class)
            return;
        Bitmap b = ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
        Bitmap bitmap = b.copy(Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888, true);
        if (defaultWidth == 0) {
            defaultWidth = getWidth();
        }
        if (defaultHeight == 0) {
            defaultHeight = getHeight();
        }
        int radius = 0;
        if (mBorderInsideColor != defaultColor && mBorderOutsideColor != defaultColor) {// 定义画两个边框,分别为外圆边框和内圆边框
            radius = (defaultWidth < defaultHeight ? defaultWidth : defaultHeight) / 2 - 2 * mBorderThickness;
            // 画内圆
            drawCircleBorder(canvas, radius + mBorderThickness / 2,mBorderInsideColor);
            // 画外圆
            drawCircleBorder(canvas, radius + mBorderThickness + mBorderThickness / 2, mBorderOutsideColor);
        } else if (mBorderInsideColor != defaultColor && mBorderOutsideColor == defaultColor) {// 定义画一个边框
            radius = (defaultWidth < defaultHeight ? defaultWidth : defaultHeight) / 2 - mBorderThickness;
            drawCircleBorder(canvas, radius + mBorderThickness / 2, mBorderInsideColor);
        } else if (mBorderInsideColor == defaultColor && mBorderOutsideColor != defaultColor) {// 定义画一个边框
            radius = (defaultWidth < defaultHeight ? defaultWidth : defaultHeight) / 2 - mBorderThickness;
            drawCircleBorder(canvas, radius + mBorderThickness / 2, mBorderOutsideColor);
        } else {// 没有边框
            radius = (defaultWidth < defaultHeight ? defaultWidth : defaultHeight) / 2;
        }
        Bitmap roundBitmap = getCroppedRoundBitmap(bitmap, radius);
        canvas.drawBitmap(roundBitmap, defaultWidth / 2 - radius, defaultHeight / 2 - radius, null);
    }

    /**
     * 获取裁剪后的圆形图片
     * @param
     */
    public Bitmap getCroppedRoundBitmap(Bitmap bmp, int radius) {
        Bitmap scaledSrcBmp;
        int diameter = radius * 2;
        // 为了防止宽高不相等,造成圆形图片变形,因此截取长方形中处于中间位置最大的正方形图片
        int bmpWidth = bmp.getWidth();
        int bmpHeight = bmp.getHeight();
        int squareWidth = 0, squareHeight = 0;
        int x = 0, y = 0;
        Bitmap squareBitmap;
        if (bmpHeight > bmpWidth) {// 高大于宽
            squareWidth = squareHeight = bmpWidth;
            x = 0;
            y = (bmpHeight - bmpWidth) / 2;
            // 截取正方形图片
            squareBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bmp, x, y, squareWidth, squareHeight);
        } else if (bmpHeight < bmpWidth) {// 宽大于高
            squareWidth = squareHeight = bmpHeight;
            x = (bmpWidth - bmpHeight) / 2;
            y = 0;
            squareBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bmp, x, y, squareWidth,squareHeight);
        } else {
            squareBitmap = bmp;
        }
        if (squareBitmap.getWidth() != diameter || squareBitmap.getHeight() != diameter) {
            scaledSrcBmp = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(squareBitmap, diameter,diameter, true);
        } else {
            scaledSrcBmp = squareBitmap;
        }
        Bitmap output = Bitmap.createBitmap(scaledSrcBmp.getWidth(),
                scaledSrcBmp.getHeight(),
                Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(output);

        Paint paint = new Paint();
        Rect rect = new Rect(0, 0, scaledSrcBmp.getWidth(),scaledSrcBmp.getHeight());

        paint.setAntiAlias(true);
        paint.setFilterBitmap(true);
        paint.setDither(true);
        canvas.drawARGB(0, 0, 0, 0);
        canvas.drawCircle(scaledSrcBmp.getWidth() / 2,
                scaledSrcBmp.getHeight() / 2,
                scaledSrcBmp.getWidth() / 2,
                paint);
        paint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN));
        canvas.drawBitmap(scaledSrcBmp, rect, rect, paint);
        bmp = null;
        squareBitmap = null;
        scaledSrcBmp = null;
        return output;
    }

    /**
     * 边缘画圆
     */
    private void drawCircleBorder(Canvas canvas, int radius, int color) {
        Paint paint = new Paint();
        /* 去锯齿 */
        paint.setAntiAlias(true);
        paint.setFilterBitmap(true);
        paint.setDither(true);
        paint.setColor(color);
        /* 设置paint的 style 为STROKE:空心 */
        paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        /* 设置paint的外框宽度 */
        paint.setStrokeWidth(mBorderThickness);
        canvas.drawCircle(defaultWidth / 2, defaultHeight / 2, radius, paint);
    }
}

创建attr.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="roundedimageview">
        <attr name="border_thickness" format="dimension" />
        <attr name="border_inside_color" format="color" />
        <attr name="border_outside_color" format="color"></attr>
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>
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