raw_input( )和sys.stdin.readline( )的区别

本文对比了Python中sys.stdin.readline()与raw_input()在读取输入时的不同行为,特别是关于是否保留换行符的问题,并提供了如何正确处理这些输入的方法。

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之前一直认为用raw_input( )和sys.stdin.readline( )来获取输入的效果完全相同,但是有类似这样一段代码

import sys

line = sys.stdin.readline()

for i in range(len(line)):
    print line[i]+'hello'

运行结果
怎么会多输出一个空行和hello?然后特意输出了line的长度,发现是4,然后重新调试了几次,发现无论输入什么,len(line)的长度总比输入的长度大1,然后用raw_input()试着运行了一下,运行是正常的,然后查阅了一下文档,发现sys.stdin.readline( )会将标准输入全部获取,包括末尾的’\n’,因此用len计算长度时是把换行符’\n’算进去了的,但是raw_input( )获取输入时返回的结果是不包含末尾的换行符’\n’的。

import sys

line1 = sys.stdin.readline()
line2 = raw_input()

print len(line1),len(line2)

因此如果在平时使用sys.stdin.readline( )获取输入的话,不要忘了去掉末尾的换行符,可以用strip( )函数去掉(sys.stdin.readline( ).strip(‘\n’)),这样处理一下就行了。

package com.example.demo.service.impl; import cn.hutool.core.collection.CollUtil; import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil; import cn.hutool.core.io.FileUtil; import cn.hutool.core.io.IoUtil; import cn.hutool.core.lang.UUID; import cn.hutool.core.thread.ThreadFactoryBuilder; import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl; import com.example.demo.dao.entity.WExecuteHost; import com.example.demo.dao.entity.WHostProcess; import com.example.demo.dao.entity.WPersonalHost; import com.example.demo.dao.mapper.WExecuteHostMapper; import com.example.demo.request.ProcessRequest; import com.example.demo.service.WExecuteHostService; import com.example.demo.service.WHostProcessService; import com.example.demo.service.WPersonalHostService; import lombok.Data; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Queue; import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; @Service public class WExecuteHostServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<WExecuteHostMapper, WExecuteHost> implements WExecuteHostService { @Autowired private WPersonalHostService wPersonalHostService; @Autowired private WHostProcessService wHostProcessService; @Data private static class UserSession { private Process cmdProcess; private volatile boolean isProcessRunning; private String sessionId; private String logFilePath; private final Queue<String> logBuffer = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>(); private static final int BATCH_SIZE = 50; // 批量写入阈值 // 命令执行状态锁 private final AtomicBoolean isExecuting = new AtomicBoolean(false); } private final Map<String, UserSession> userSessions = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private final SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate; // 异步日志写入线程池 private static final ExecutorService LOG_WRITER_POOL = Executors.newCachedThreadPool( new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNamePrefix("log-writer-").build()); // 日志刷新调度器 private static final ScheduledExecutorService LOG_FLUSH_SCHEDULER = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(); public WExecuteHostServiceImpl(SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate) { this.messagingTemplate = messagingTemplate; startLogFlushService(); } // 初始化日志刷新服务 private void startLogFlushService() { LOG_FLUSH_SCHEDULER.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> { userSessions.values().forEach(session -> { if (!session.getLogBuffer().isEmpty()) { List<String> batch = CollUtil.newArrayList(session.getLogBuffer()); session.getLogBuffer().clear(); asyncWriteLog(session.getLogFilePath(), String.join("\n", batch)); } }); }, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } @Override public void executeCommand(String command, String host, String userId) { // 0. ABORT命令特殊处理(优先处理终止请求) if ("ABORT".equalsIgnoreCase(command)) { handleAbort(userId); return; } // 1. 权限校验 if (!validateUserHost(userId, host)) { sendError("无权访问该主机", userId); return; } // 2. 检查用户当前会话状态 UserSession session = userSessions.get(userId); if (session != null && session.isExecuting.get()) { sendError("已有命令执行中,请等待完成或使用ABORT终止", userId); return; } // 3. 创建新会话(带原子状态检查) session = userSessions.computeIfAbsent(userId, key -> { UserSession newSession = createNewSession(userId, host); if (newSession != null) { newSession.isExecuting.set(true); // 标记为执行中 } return newSession; }); if (session == null) return; // 4. 写入日志并执行命令 try { // 确保获得执行锁 if (!session.isExecuting.compareAndSet(true, true)) { sendError("命令执行冲突,请重试", userId); return; } session.getLogBuffer().offer("——————————————— " + DateUtil.now() + " ———————————————"); // 发送命令到进程 IoUtil.write(session.getCmdProcess().getOutputStream(), Charset.forName("gbk"), true, command + "\n"); } catch (Exception e) { session.isExecuting.set(false); // 发生异常时释放锁 sendError("命令发送失败: " + e.getMessage(), userId); } } @Override public Boolean isCommandExecuting(String userId) { UserSession session = userSessions.get(userId); return session != null && session.isExecuting.get(); } @Override public void handleAbort(String userId) { UserSession session = userSessions.get(userId); if (session == null || session.getCmdProcess() == null) { sendError("没有活动的命令进程", userId); return; } try { long pid = session.getCmdProcess().pid(); System.out.println("Attempting to kill process with PID: " + pid); // 使用 taskkill 命令终止进程 ProcessBuilder taskKill = new ProcessBuilder("taskkill", "/F", "/T", "/PID", String.valueOf(pid)); Process killProcess = taskKill.start(); // 等待命令执行完成 int exitCode = killProcess.waitFor(); System.out.println("taskkill exit code: " + exitCode); if (exitCode == 0) { // 进程终止成功 session.isExecuting.set(false); cleanupSession(userId); messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/commandOutput/" + userId, "✔️" + "进程已通过 taskkill 终止 (PID: " + pid + ")"); messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/commandOutput/" + userId, ""); messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/commandOutput/" + userId, System.getProperty("user.dir") + ">"); } else { // 进程终止失败 sendError("终止进程失败,错误码: " + exitCode, userId); } } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { System.err.println("Error killing process: " + e.getMessage()); sendError("终止进程失败: " + e.getMessage(), userId); } } @Override public String startProcess(ProcessRequest processRequest) { try { // 数据库表新增数据 String p13 = processRequest.getP13().trim(); String processName = processRequest.getProcessName().trim(); String productNumber = processRequest.getProductNumber().trim(); String executeHost = processRequest.getExecuteHost().trim(); String department = processRequest.getDepartment().trim(); String version = processRequest.getVersion().trim(); if (StrUtil.isEmpty(p13) || StrUtil.isEmpty(processName) || StrUtil.isEmpty(productNumber) || StrUtil.isEmpty(executeHost) || StrUtil.isEmpty(department) || StrUtil.isEmpty(version)) { return "新增进程失败。"; } WHostProcess wHostProcess = new WHostProcess(); wHostProcess.setP13(p13); wHostProcess.setProcessName(processName); wHostProcess.setProductNumber(productNumber); wHostProcess.setHost(executeHost); wHostProcess.setPid(null); wHostProcess.setDepartment(department); wHostProcess.setState("离线"); wHostProcess.setVersion(version); wHostProcess.setBeginTime(new Date()); boolean saveResult = wHostProcessService.save(wHostProcess); if (saveResult) { LambdaQueryWrapper<WPersonalHost> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>(); queryWrapper .eq(WPersonalHost::getExecuteHost, processRequest.getExecuteHost()) .eq(WPersonalHost::getSharedHost, processRequest.getSharedHost()); WPersonalHost wPersonalHost = wPersonalHostService.getOne(queryWrapper); // 执行py启动命令 //todo 后续动态 String pythonEXEPath = "D:\\miniforge\\envs" + File.separator + p13 + File.separator + "python" + wPersonalHost.getPythonEnv() + File.separator + "python.exe"; String mainPyPath = System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "python-package" + File.separator + executeHost + File.separator + p13 + File.separator + "test" + File.separator + "main.py"; executeCommand(pythonEXEPath + " " + mainPyPath, processRequest.getExecuteHost(), processRequest.getP13()); return "正在启动项目..."; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus().setRollbackOnly(); } return "新增进程失败。"; } private boolean validateUserHost(String userId, String executeHost) { LambdaQueryWrapper<WPersonalHost> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>(); queryWrapper.eq(WPersonalHost::getP13, userId) .eq(WPersonalHost::getExecuteHost, executeHost) .eq(WPersonalHost::getState, "在线"); return wPersonalHostService.getOne(queryWrapper) != null; } private UserSession createNewSession(String userId, String executeHost) { try { UserSession session = new UserSession(); session.setSessionId(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); session.setLogFilePath(initLogFile(userId, executeHost)); // 启动CMD进程(带唯一标题) ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("cmd.exe", "/k", "title " + generateUniqueTitle(userId)); session.setCmdProcess(pb.redirectErrorStream(true).start()); // 启动输出监听线程 startOutputThread(session, userId); return session; } catch (IOException e) { sendError("进程启动失败: " + e.getMessage(), userId); return null; } } private String initLogFile(String userId, String executeHost) { // 1. 构建基础路径(使用File.separator) String baseDir = FileUtil.normalize( System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "command-log"); // 2. 构建安全路径(统一使用File.separator) String safePath = FileUtil.normalize( baseDir + File.separator + userId + File.separator + executeHost + File.separator + "项目名称"); // 3. 安全校验(现在路径分隔符一致) if (!safePath.startsWith(baseDir)) { throw new SecurityException("非法日志路径: " + safePath); } // 4. 创建目录(自动处理路径分隔符) FileUtil.mkdir(safePath); // 5. 生成日志文件 String logFileName = DateUtil.today() + ".log"; return FileUtil.touch(safePath + File.separator + logFileName).getAbsolutePath(); } private void startOutputThread(UserSession session, String userId) { new Thread(() -> { try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(session.getCmdProcess().getInputStream(), "GBK"))) { String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/commandOutput/" + userId, line); session.getLogBuffer().offer(line); } } catch (Exception e) { sendError("输出流异常: " + e.getMessage(), userId); } finally { session.isExecuting.set(false); // 命令结束释放锁 cleanupSession(userId); // 通知前端命令执行结束 messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/commandOutput/" + userId, "⏹ 该命令执行已结束"); } }).start(); } private void asyncWriteLog(String logFilePath, String content) { CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> { try { // 替换掉日志文件中没用的信息,如多余的路径信息 String currentDir = System.getProperty("user.dir"); String escapedDir = currentDir.replace("\\", "\\\\"); String regex = "(?m)^\\s*" + escapedDir + ">(?!\\S)\\s*"; // 创建 Pattern Matcher 对象 Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(content); // 检查是否存在匹配的模式 if (matcher.find()) { // 如果存在匹配,则进行替换 String cleaned = content.replaceAll(regex, ""); FileUtil.appendString(cleaned + System.lineSeparator(), logFilePath, "GBK"); } else { FileUtil.appendString(content + System.lineSeparator(), logFilePath, "GBK"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("日志写入失败: " + e.getMessage()); } }, LOG_WRITER_POOL); } private void cleanupSession(String userId) { UserSession session = userSessions.remove(userId); if (session != null) { try { if (session.getCmdProcess() != null) { session.getCmdProcess().destroyForcibly(); } // 强制将剩余日志写入文件(新增代码) if (!session.getLogBuffer().isEmpty()) { asyncWriteLog(session.getLogFilePath(), String.join("\n", session.getLogBuffer())); session.getLogBuffer().clear(); } } catch (Exception ignored) { } } } @PreDestroy public void cleanup() { LOG_FLUSH_SCHEDULER.shutdown(); LOG_WRITER_POOL.shutdown(); userSessions.forEach((userId, session) -> { try { if (session.getCmdProcess() != null) { session.getCmdProcess().destroyForcibly(); } } catch (Exception ignored) { } }); userSessions.clear(); } /** * 发送错误日志 */ private void sendError(String message, String userId) { try { messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/commandOutput/" + userId, "❌" + message); } catch (Exception ignored) { } } /** * 生成cmd窗口唯一id */ private String generateUniqueTitle(String userId) { return "CMD_SESSION_" + userId + "_" + System.currentTimeMillis(); } } 仔细阅读我的代码,现在有个bug,我执行下面的main.py文件,会报错请输入你的名字: 发生未知错误: EOF when reading a line import random import sys from datetime import datetime def generate_random_number(min_val=1, max_val=100): """ 生成一个指定范围内的随机整数 参数: min_val (int): 最小值,默认为1 max_val (int): 最大值,默认为100 返回: int: 随机生成的整数 """ return random.randint(min_val, max_val) def check_even_odd(number): """ 检查一个数字是奇数还是偶数 参数: number (int): 要检查的数字 返回: str: "偶数" 或 "奇数" """ return "偶数" if number % 2 == 0 else "奇数" def greet_user(name): """ 向用户问好 参数: name (str): 用户名 """ print(f"你好, {name}! 当前时间是: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}") def main(): """ 主函数 """ print("欢迎使用随机数生成器!") try: user_name = input("请输入你的名字: ") greet_user(user_name) count = int(input("你想生成多少个随机数? (1-10): ")) if count < 1 or count > 10: print("请输入1到10之间的数字!") return for i in range(count): num = generate_random_number() print(f"随机数 #{i+1}: {num} ({check_even_odd(num)})") print("感谢使用!") except ValueError: print("错误: 请输入有效的数字!") except KeyboardInterrupt: print("\n程序被用户中断") except Exception as e: print(f"发生未知错误: {e}") if __name__ == "__main__": main()
06-18
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