nginx入门

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-16 20:00:39 发布

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公司使用到了nginx，于是周末初步接触了一下nginx，立即被其简洁，优雅，高效的特性给迷住了。nginx是在是个好东西，配置极其简单，容易理解，极其高效，稍微一调优，ab测试10k并发，很轻松。比起apache来强太多了...

1. 下载

[root@localhost src]#
 wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

--2015-01-11 16:04:13-- 
 http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

Resolving
 nginx.org... 206.251.255.63

Connecting
 to nginx.org|206.251.255.63|:80...
 connected.

HTTP
 request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 804164 (785K)
 [application/octet-stream]

Saving
 to: “nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz”

 

100%[=====================================================================>] 804,164     5.03K/s  
 in 3m 42s

 

2015-01-11 16:07:57 (3.54 KB/s)
 - “nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz”
 saved [804164/804164]

2.解压

[root@localhost src]#
 tar xvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

nginx-1.6.2/

nginx-1.6.2/auto/

nginx-1.6.2/conf/

nginx-1.6.2/contrib/

nginx-1.6.2/src/

nginx-1.6.2/configure

...

3. 安装

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]#
 ./configure

....

creating
 objs/Makefile

 

Configuration
 summary

  +
 using system PCRE library

  +
 OpenSSL library is not used

  +
 using builtin md5 code

  +
 sha1 library is not found

  +
 using system zlib library

 

  nginx
 path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"

  nginx
 binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

  nginx
 configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"

  nginx
 configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

  nginx
 pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

  nginx
 error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"

  nginx
 http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"

  nginx
 http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"

  nginx
 http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"

  nginx
 http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"

  nginx
 http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"

  nginx
 http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

 

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]#
 make && make install

 

[root@localhost nginx]#
 pwd

/usr/local/nginx

[root@localhost nginx]#
 ll

total 16

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root
 root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 conf

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root
 root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 html

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root
 root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 logs

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root
 root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 sbin

安装成功。其中conf是配置文件的目录，html是放web页面的目录，logs是放日志文件的目录，sbin目录是 nginx运行时二进制文件。安装时有可能报PCRE库缺失，可以使用命令安装即可：yum -y install pcre-devel;

4. 启动关闭nginx的方法

[root@localhost sbin]#
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

[root@localhost sbin]#
 echo $?

0

[root@localhost sbin]#
 ps -elf|grep nginx

1 S
 root      3740     1  0  80   0 -   887 -      16:16 ?        00:00:00 nginx:
 master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

5 S
 nobody    3741  3740  0  80   0 -   933 -      16:16 ?        00:00:00 nginx:
 worker process

0 S
 root      3744  1306  0  80   0 -  1088 -      16:16 pts/1    00:00:00 grep
 nginx

 

[root@localhost sbin]#
 netstat -antp

Active
 Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto
 Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                  
 LISTEN      1131/sshd

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                  
 LISTEN      1004/cupsd

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40035               0.0.0.0:*                  
 LISTEN      928/rpc.statd

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                  
 LISTEN      908/rpcbind

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                  
 LISTEN      3740/nginx

tcp        0     64 192.168.137.9:22            192.168.137.1:51321         ESTABLISHED 1267/sshd

tcp        0      0 192.168.137.9:22            192.168.137.1:51322         ESTABLISHED 1270/sshd

tcp        0      0 192.168.137.9:22            192.168.137.1:51336         ESTABLISHED 1331/sshd

tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                       
 LISTEN      1131/sshd

tcp        0      0 ::1:631                     :::*                       
 LISTEN      1004/cupsd

tcp        0      0 :::38082                    :::*                       
 LISTEN      928/rpc.statd

tcp        0      0 :::111                      :::*                       
 LISTEN      908/rpcbind

上面所示，成功启动了ngnix，在80端口运行。

nginx的进程分为了master 进程和worker进程，前者做为管理进程，管理后者，后者是处理页面请求的进程，worker可以有多个。一般根据CPU核数和负载进行配置多个worker. 我们访问试试：

nginx的启动，关闭等等操作命令如下：

[root@localhost sbin]#
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -h

nginx
 version: nginx/1.6.2

Usage:
 nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

 

Options:

  -?,-h        
 : this help

  -v           
 : show version and exit

  -V           
 : show version and configure options then exit

  -t           
 : test configuration and exit

  -q           
 : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing

  -s
 signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload

  -p
 prefix     : set prefix path (default:
 /usr/local/nginx/)

  -c
 filename   : set configuration file (default:
 conf/nginx.conf)

  -g
 directives : set global directives out of configuration file

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

分别表示优雅的停止nginx；立即停止nginx；重新打开日志文件；平滑的重启nginx并重新加载nginx的配置文件;

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 可以用来修改配置文件之后，测试配置文件是否有语法错误

5. 通过信号量来控制nginx

其实质是通过信号量来对nginx进行控制的，所以也可以通过下面的方式来控制nginx：

kill -INT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

[root@localhost logs]#
 kill -INT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

[root@localhost logs]#
 ps -elf|grep nginx

0 S
 root      3843  1306  0  80   0 -  1088 -      16:37 pts/1    00:00:00 grep
 nginx