初识netty
概述
Netty是由JBOSS提供的一个java开源框架，现为 Github上的独立项目。Netty提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具，用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络服务器和客户端程序。
也就是说，Netty 是一个基于NIO的客户、服务器端的编程框架，使用Netty 可以确保你快速和简单的开发出一个网络应用，例如实现了某种协议的客户、服务端应用。Netty相当于简化和流线化了网络应用的编程开发过程，例如：基于TCP和UDP的socket服务开发。
简而言之: Netty 是一个异步的、基于事件驱动的网络应用框架.
Netty的底层是使用io多路复用: selector监听处理多个channel的io请求事件, 事件发生时可以同时去处理事件. 降低了单个请求的效率, 提高了吞吐量
优缺点
优点
- Netty vs NIO
- Netty帮我们构建好了主流的协议
- Netty解决 TCP 传输问题，如粘包、半包
- Netty解决 epoll 空轮询导致 CPU 100%
- Netty对 API 进行增强，使之更易用，如 FastThreadLocal => ThreadLocal，ByteBuf => ByteBuffer
- Netty vs 其它网络应用框架
- Mina 由 apache 维护，将来 3.x 版本可能会有较大重构，破坏 API 向下兼容性，Netty 的开发迭代更迅速，API 更简洁、文档更优秀
- 久经考验，16年，Netty 版本
- 2.x 2004
- 3.x 2008
- 4.x 2013
- 5.x 已废弃（没有明显的性能提升，维护成本高）
缺点:
netty: "我有缺点吗"?
关键词
nio关键词
Netty是基于nio开发的网络应用框架, 下面先了解nio一些概念
- Channel: 读写数据的双向通道，可以从 channel 将数据读入 buffer，也可以将 buffer 的数据写入 channel
常见的 Channel 有
-
FileChannel
-
DatagramChannel UDP中使用
-
SocketChannel TCP中使用
-
ServerSocketChannel TCP中使用
-
Buffer: 缓冲读写数据
常见的 buffer 有
-
ByteBuffer
- MappedByteBuffer:
- DirectByteBuffer: 直接内存
- HeapByteBuffer: 堆内存
-
ShortBuffer:
-
IntBuffer:
-
LongBuffer:
-
FloatBuffer:
-
DoubleBuffer:
-
CharBuffer:
-
Selector: 选择器, 使用一个线程管理多个 Channel, 监听Channel的事件, 事件发生时, 交由其他线程进行处理
netty关键词
Netty对 API 进行增强，使之更易用
- Channel:
- NioServerSocketChannel:
- NioSocketChannel:
- ByteBuf: 不用切换读写模式, 操作简单
- PooledDirectByteBuf: 池化直接内存
- PooledHeapByteBuf: 池化堆内存
- UnpooledDirectByteBuf: 非池化直接内存
- UnpooledHeapByteBuf: 非池化堆内存
- EventLoop: 事件循环对象, 由 一个selector + thread组成, 可处理io事件, 普通任务, 定时任务
- Pipeline: 流水线
- Handler: 处理器
- 入站处理器: 通常是 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter 的子类，主要用来读取客户端数据
- 出站处理器: 通常是 ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter 的子类，主要对写出进行加工
- 注: 出站时是由入站处理器调用write方法触发的, 如入站处理器h3调用write方法, 则会寻找前一个后置处理器h2进行出站处理
- 如下图所示, h4出站处理器是永远不会执行的, 故出站处理器添加时必须保证后面有一个入站处理器
netty的线程模型
具体的流程如下：
- Netty 抽象出两组线程池BossGroup 专门负责接收客户端的连接, WorkerGroup 专门负责网络的读写
- BossGroup 和WorkerGroup 类型都是NioEventLoopGroup
- NioEventLoopGroup 相当于一个事件循环组, 这个组中含有多个事件循环，每一个事件循环是NioEventLoop
- NioEventLoop 表示一个不断循环的执行处理任务的线程， 每个NioEventLoop 都有一个selector , 用于监听绑定在其上的socket 的网络通讯
- NioEventLoopGroup 可以有多个线程, 即可以含有多个NioEventLoop
- 每个Boss NioEventLoop 循环执行的步骤
- 轮询accept 事件
- 处理accept 事件, 与client 建立连接, 生成NioScocketChannel , 并将其注册到某个WorkerGroup的 NIOEventLoop 上的selector
- 处理任务队列的任务， 即runAllTasks
- 每个Worker NIOEventLoop 循环执行的步骤
- 轮询read, write 事件
- 处理i/o 事件， 即read , write 事件，在对应NioScocketChannel 处理
- 处理任务队列的任务， 即runAllTasks
- 每个Worker NIOEventLoop 处理业务时，会使用pipeline(管道), pipeline 中包含了channel , 即通过pipeline可以获取到对应通道, 管道中维护了很多的处理器
netty启动源码
netty的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.39.Final</version>
</dependency>
java的nio如何启动
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务器
ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//2.设置为非阻塞
ssc.configureBlocking(false);
//3.创建Selector对象
Selector selector = Selector.open();
//4.将ssc注册到selector中
SelectionKey sscKey = ssc.register(selector, 0, null);
//5.设置sscKey监听的事件类型
sscKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
//6.绑定端口
ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8089));
log.debug("register key: {}", sscKey);
}
netty的启动
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.构建启动器, 组装各个组件, 启动服务器
new ServerBootstrap()
//2.设置EventLoop组, 如之前的BossEventLoop和WorkerEventLoop(selector+thread)
.group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
//3.设置channel的实现
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
//4.设置处理器
.childHandler(
//channel初始化的一个处理器
new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
//添加具体的处理器
//添加字符串解码处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
//添加自定义的处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println(msg);
}
});
}
})
//5.绑定端口
.bind(8089);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//1.构建启动器
new Bootstrap()
//2.设置EventLoop组
.group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
//3.设置channel的实现
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
//4.设置处理器
.handler(
//channel初始化处理器
new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
//添加字符串编码
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
}
})
//5.连接服务端
.connect("localhost", 8089)
.sync()
.channel()
//6.发送消息到服务端
.writeAndFlush("hello world!");
}
下面我们都是从服务端代码进入进行源码分析.
从bind()方法开始看源码 io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap#bind
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
// 1. 执行初始化和注册 regFuture 会由 initAndRegister 设置其是否完成，从而回调 3.2 处代码
final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
return regFuture;
}
// 2. 因为是 initAndRegister 异步执行，需要分两种情况来看，调试时也需要通过 suspend 断点类型加以区分
// 2.1 如果已经完成
if (regFuture.isDone()) {
ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
// 3.1 立刻调用 doBind0
doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
return promise;
}
// 2.2 还没有完成
else {
final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
// 3.2 回调 doBind0
regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
Throwable cause = future.cause();
if (cause != null) {
// 处理异常...
promise.setFailure(cause);
} else {
promise.registered();
// 3. 由注册线程去执行 doBind0
doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
}
}
});
return promise;
}
}
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
Channel channel = null;
try {
channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
// 1.1 初始化 - 做的事就是添加一个初始化器 ChannelInitializer
init(channel);
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 处理异常...
return new DefaultChannelPromise(new FailedChannel(), GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
}
// 1.2 注册 - 做的事就是将原生 channel 注册到 selector 上
ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
// 处理异常...
}
return regFuture;
}
private static ServerSocketChannel newSocket(SelectorProvider provider) {
try {
//创建java中的ServerSocketChannel
return provider.openServerSocketChannel();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ChannelException(
"Failed to open a server socket.", e);
}
}
netty启动之init
// 这里 channel 实际上是 NioServerSocketChannel
void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {
final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options0();
synchronized (options) {
setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger);
}
final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs0();
synchronized (attrs) {
for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey();
channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
}
}
ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();
final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;
final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
synchronized (childOptions) {
currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(0));
}
synchronized (childAttrs) {
currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(0));
}
// 为 NioServerSocketChannel 添加初始化器
p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
if (handler != null) {
pipeline.addLast(handler);
}
// 初始化器的职责是将 ServerBootstrapAcceptor 加入至 NioServerSocketChannel
ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
}
});
}
});
}
netty启动之register
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
// 一些检查，略...
AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
register0(promise);
} else {
try {
// 首次执行 execute 方法时，会启动 nio 线程，之后注册等操作在 nio 线程上执行
// 因为只有一个 NioServerSocketChannel 因此，也只会有一个 boss nio 线程
// 这行代码完成的事实是 main -> nio boss 线程的切换
eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
register0(promise);
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 日志记录...
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
}
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
// 1.2.1 原生的 nio channel 绑定到 selector 上，注意此时没有注册 selector 关注事件，附件为 NioServerSocketChannel
doRegister();
neverRegistered = false;
registered = true;
// 1.2.2 执行 NioServerSocketChannel 初始化器的 initChannel
pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
// 回调 3.2 io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap#doBind0
safeSetSuccess(promise);
pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
// 对应 server socket channel 还未绑定，isActive 为 false
if (isActive()) {
if (firstRegistration) {
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
} else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
beginRead();
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
// Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak.
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
// Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
return;
}
readPending = true;
final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
// readInterestOp 取值是 16，在 NioServerSocketChannel 创建时初始化好，代表关注 accept 事件
if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
}
}
netty启动之dobind0
private static void doBind0(
final ChannelFuture regFuture, final Channel channel,
final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (regFuture.isSuccess()) {
channel.bind(localAddress, promise).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
} else {
promise.setFailure(regFuture.cause());
}
}
});
}
public final void bind(final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
assertEventLoop();
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(config().getOption(ChannelOption.SO_BROADCAST)) &&
localAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress &&
!((InetSocketAddress) localAddress).getAddress().isAnyLocalAddress() &&
!PlatformDependent.isWindows() && !PlatformDependent.maybeSuperUser()) {
// 记录日志...
}
boolean wasActive = isActive();
try {
// 3.3 执行端口绑定
doBind(localAddress);
} catch (Throwable t) {
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
closeIfClosed();
return;
}
if (!wasActive && isActive()) {
invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 3.4 触发 active 事件
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
}
});
}
safeSetSuccess(promise);
}
protected void doBind(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 7) {
javaChannel().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
} else {
javaChannel().socket().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
}
}
eventLoop的作用
eventLoop的组成
- thread: 单线程
- selector: 选择器(selectedKeys改为数组结构)
- taskQueue: 普通任务
- scheduledTaskQueue: 定时任务
selector的创建
private SelectorTuple openSelector() {
final Selector unwrappedSelector;
try {
//创建原始的selector
unwrappedSelector = provider.openSelector();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ChannelException("failed to open a new selector", e);
}
if (DISABLE_KEY_SET_OPTIMIZATION) {
return new SelectorTuple(unwrappedSelector);
}
Object maybeSelectorImplClass = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
@Override
public Object run() {
try {
return Class.forName(
"sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl",
false,
PlatformDependent.getSystemClassLoader());
} catch (Throwable cause) {
return cause;
}
}
});
if (!(maybeSelectorImplClass instanceof Class) ||
// ensure the current selector implementation is what we can instrument.
!((Class<?>) maybeSelectorImplClass).isAssignableFrom(unwrappedSelector.getClass())) {
if (maybeSelectorImplClass instanceof Throwable) {
Throwable t = (Throwable) maybeSelectorImplClass;
logger.trace("failed to instrument a special java.util.Set into: {}", unwrappedSelector, t);
}
return new SelectorTuple(unwrappedSelector);
}
final Class<?> selectorImplClass = (Class<?>) maybeSelectorImplClass;
final SelectedSelectionKeySet selectedKeySet = new SelectedSelectionKeySet();
Object maybeException = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
@Override
public Object run() {
try {
Field selectedKeysField = selectorImplClass.getDeclaredField("selectedKeys");
Field publicSelectedKeysField = selectorImplClass.getDeclaredField("publicSelectedKeys");
if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 9 && PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe()) {
// Let us try to use sun.misc.Unsafe to replace the SelectionKeySet.
// This allows us to also do this in Java9+ without any extra flags.
long selectedKeysFieldOffset = PlatformDependent.objectFieldOffset(selectedKeysField);
long publicSelectedKeysFieldOffset =
PlatformDependent.objectFieldOffset(publicSelectedKeysField);
if (selectedKeysFieldOffset != -1 && publicSelectedKeysFieldOffset != -1) {
PlatformDependent.putObject(
unwrappedSelector, selectedKeysFieldOffset, selectedKeySet);
PlatformDependent.putObject(
unwrappedSelector, publicSelectedKeysFieldOffset, selectedKeySet);
return null;
}
// We could not retrieve the offset, lets try reflection as last-resort.
}
Throwable cause = ReflectionUtil.trySetAccessible(selectedKeysField, true);
if (cause != null) {
return cause;
}
cause = ReflectionUtil.trySetAccessible(publicSelectedKeysField, true);
if (cause != null) {
return cause;
}
//反射修改set结构为数组
selectedKeysField.set(unwrappedSelector, selectedKeySet);
publicSelectedKeysField.set(unwrappedSelector, selectedKeySet);
return null;
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
return e;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
return e;
}
}
});
if (maybeException instanceof Exception) {
selectedKeys = null;
Exception e = (Exception) maybeException;
logger.trace("failed to instrument a special java.util.Set into: {}", unwrappedSelector, e);
return new SelectorTuple(unwrappedSelector);
}
selectedKeys = selectedKeySet;
logger.trace("instrumented a special java.util.Set into: {}", unwrappedSelector);
//创建出两个selector
return new SelectorTuple(unwrappedSelector,
new SelectedSelectionKeySetSelector(unwrappedSelector, selectedKeySet));
}
线程的启动
测试入口execute方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventLoop eventLoop = new NioEventLoopGroup().next();
eventLoop.execute(() -> {
System.out.println(1);
});
}
public void execute(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("task");
}
boolean inEventLoop = inEventLoop();
// 添加任务
addTask(task);
if (!inEventLoop) {
// inEventLoop 如果为 false 表示由其它线程来调用 execute，即首次调用，这时需要向 eventLoop 提交首个任务，启动死循环，会执行到下面的 doStartThread
startThread();
if (isShutdown()) {
// 如果已经 shutdown，做拒绝逻辑，代码略...
}
}
if (!addTaskWakesUp && wakesUpForTask(task)) {
// 如果线程由于 IO select 阻塞了，添加的任务的线程需要负责唤醒 NioEventLoop 线程
wakeup(inEventLoop);
}
}
private void doStartThread() {
assert thread == null;
executor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 将线程池的当前线程保存在成员变量中，以便后续使用
thread = Thread.currentThread();
if (interrupted) {
thread.interrupt();
}
boolean success = false;
updateLastExecutionTime();
try {
// 调用外部类 SingleThreadEventExecutor 的 run 方法，进入死循环，run 方法见下
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run();
success = true;
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("Unexpected exception from an event executor: ", t);
} finally {
// 清理工作，代码略...
}
}
});
}
protected void run() {
for (;;) {
try {
try {
// calculateStrategy 的逻辑如下：
// 有任务，会执行一次 selectNow，清除上一次的 wakeup 结果，无论有没有 IO 事件，都会跳过 switch
// 没有任务，会匹配 SelectStrategy.SELECT，看是否应当阻塞
switch (selectStrategy.calculateStrategy(selectNowSupplier, hasTasks())) {
case SelectStrategy.CONTINUE:
continue;
case SelectStrategy.BUSY_WAIT:
case SelectStrategy.SELECT:
// 因为 IO 线程和提交任务线程都有可能执行 wakeup，而 wakeup 属于比较昂贵的操作，因此使用了一个原子布尔对象 wakenUp，它取值为 true 时，表示该由当前线程唤醒
// 进行 select 阻塞，并设置唤醒状态为 false
boolean oldWakenUp = wakenUp.getAndSet(false);
// 如果在这个位置，非 EventLoop 线程抢先将 wakenUp 置为 true，并 wakeup
// 下面的 select 方法不会阻塞
// 等 runAllTasks 处理完成后，到再循环进来这个阶段新增的任务会不会及时执行呢?
// 因为 oldWakenUp 为 true，因此下面的 select 方法就会阻塞，直到超时
// 才能执行，让 select 方法无谓阻塞
select(oldWakenUp);
if (wakenUp.get()) {
selector.wakeup();
}
default:
}
} catch (IOException e) {
rebuildSelector0();
handleLoopException(e);
continue;
}
cancelledKeys = 0;
needsToSelectAgain = false;
// ioRatio 默认是 50
final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
if (ioRatio == 100) {
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// ioRatio 为 100 时，总是运行完所有非 IO 任务
runAllTasks();
}
} else {
final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// 记录 io 事件处理耗时
final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
// 运行非 IO 任务，一旦超时会退出 runAllTasks
runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
try {
if (isShuttingDown()) {
closeAll();
if (confirmShutdown()) {
return;
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
}
}
select方法
private void select(boolean oldWakenUp) throws IOException {
Selector selector = this.selector;
try {
int selectCnt = 0;
long currentTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
// 计算等待时间
// * 没有 scheduledTask，超时时间为 1s
// * 有 scheduledTask，超时时间为 `下一个定时任务执行时间 - 当前时间`
long selectDeadLineNanos = currentTimeNanos + delayNanos(currentTimeNanos);
for (;;) {
long timeoutMillis = (selectDeadLineNanos - currentTimeNanos + 500000L) / 1000000L;
// 如果超时，退出循环
if (timeoutMillis <= 0) {
if (selectCnt == 0) {
selector.selectNow();
selectCnt = 1;
}
break;
}
// 如果期间又有 task 退出循环，如果没这个判断，那么任务就会等到下次 select 超时时才能被执行
// wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true) 是让非 NioEventLoop 不必再执行 wakeup
if (hasTasks() && wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
selector.selectNow();
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}
// select 有限时阻塞
// 注意 nio 有 bug，当 bug 出现时，select 方法即使没有时间发生，也不会阻塞住，导致不断空轮询，cpu 占用 100%
int selectedKeys = selector.select(timeoutMillis);
// 计数加 1
selectCnt ++;
// 醒来后，如果有 IO 事件、或是由非 EventLoop 线程唤醒，或者有任务，退出循环
if (selectedKeys != 0 || oldWakenUp || wakenUp.get() || hasTasks() || hasScheduledTasks()) {
break;
}
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
// 线程被打断，退出循环
// 记录日志
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}
long time = System.nanoTime();
if (time - TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(timeoutMillis) >= currentTimeNanos) {
// 如果超时，计数重置为 1，下次循环就会 break
selectCnt = 1;
}
// 计数超过阈值，由 io.netty.selectorAutoRebuildThreshold 指定，默认 512
// 这是为了解决 nio 空轮询 bug
else if (SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD > 0 &&
selectCnt >= SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD) {
// 重建 selector
selector = selectRebuildSelector(selectCnt);
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}
currentTimeNanos = time;
}
if (selectCnt > MIN_PREMATURE_SELECTOR_RETURNS) {
// 记录日志
}
} catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
// 记录日志
}
}
事件处理
- nio中事件处理
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务器
ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//2.设置为非阻塞
ssc.configureBlocking(false);
//3.创建Selector对象
Selector selector = Selector.open();
//4.将ssc注册到selector中
SelectionKey sscKey = ssc.register(selector, 0, null);
//5.设置sscKey监听的事件类型
sscKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
//6.绑定端口
ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8089));
log.debug("register key: {}", sscKey);
while (true){
//select方法在没有事件时会阻塞, 有事件时线程会恢复运行
selector.select();
//按照事件类型处理
//selectedKeys只会处理掉事件, 不会移除掉key, 故必须处理事件后将key移除掉(处理前移除也行)
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
SelectionKey selectedKey = iterator.next();
//必须移除
iterator.remove();
//处理连接事件
if (selectedKey.isAcceptable()) {
//1.accept获取SocketChannel
ServerSocketChannel channel = (ServerSocketChannel) selectedKey.channel();
SocketChannel sc = channel.accept();
//2.设置SocketChannel为非阻塞
sc.configureBlocking(false);
//3.注册到selector中, 并将buffer设置为key的附件
SelectionKey scKey = sc.register(selector, 0, ByteBuffer.allocate(16));
//4.关注可读事件
scKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
//处理可读事件
else if (selectedKey.isReadable()){
}
//处理可写事件
}
}
}
- netty中的事件处理
private void processSelectedKeys() {
if (selectedKeys != null) {
//使用优化的数组形式遍历
processSelectedKeysOptimized();
} else {
//使用原始set形式遍历
processSelectedKeysPlain(selector.selectedKeys());
}
}
private void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey k, AbstractNioChannel ch) {
final AbstractNioChannel.NioUnsafe unsafe = ch.unsafe();
// 当 key 取消或关闭时会导致这个 key 无效
if (!k.isValid()) {
// 无效时处理...
return;
}
try {
int readyOps = k.readyOps();
// 连接事件
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0) {
int ops = k.interestOps();
ops &= ~SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT;
k.interestOps(ops);
unsafe.finishConnect();
}
// 可写事件
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) != 0) {
ch.unsafe().forceFlush();
}
// 可读或可接入事件
if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {
// 如果是可接入 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioMessageChannel.NioMessageUnsafe#read
// 如果是可读 io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel.NioByteUnsafe#read
unsafe.read();
}
} catch (CancelledKeyException ignored) {
unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
}
}
处理Accept事件
public void read() {
assert eventLoop().inEventLoop();
final ChannelConfig config = config();
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = unsafe().recvBufAllocHandle();
allocHandle.reset(config);
boolean closed = false;
Throwable exception = null;
try {
try {
do {
// doReadMessages 中执行了 accept 并创建 NioSocketChannel 作为消息放入 readBuf
// readBuf 是一个 ArrayList 用来缓存消息
int localRead = doReadMessages(readBuf);
if (localRead == 0) {
break;
}
if (localRead < 0) {
closed = true;
break;
}
// localRead 为 1，就一条消息，即接收一个客户端连接
allocHandle.incMessagesRead(localRead);
} while (allocHandle.continueReading());
} catch (Throwable t) {
exception = t;
}
int size = readBuf.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
readPending = false;
// 触发 read 事件，让 pipeline 上的 handler 处理，这时是处理
// io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap.ServerBootstrapAcceptor#channelRead
pipeline.fireChannelRead(readBuf.get(i));
}
readBuf.clear();
allocHandle.readComplete();
pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();
if (exception != null) {
closed = closeOnReadError(exception);
pipeline.fireExceptionCaught(exception);
}
if (closed) {
inputShutdown = true;
if (isOpen()) {
close(voidPromise());
}
}
} finally {
if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
removeReadOp();
}
}
}
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
// 这时的 msg 是 NioSocketChannel
final Channel child = (Channel) msg;
// NioSocketChannel 添加 childHandler 即初始化器
child.pipeline().addLast(childHandler);
// 设置选项
setChannelOptions(child, childOptions, logger);
for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: childAttrs) {
child.attr((AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey()).set(e.getValue());
}
try {
// 注册 NioSocketChannel 到 nio worker 线程，接下来的处理也移交至 nio worker 线程
childGroup.register(child).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
if (!future.isSuccess()) {
forceClose(child, future.cause());
}
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
forceClose(child, t);
}
}
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
// 一些检查，略...
AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
register0(promise);
} else {
try {
// 这行代码完成的事实是 nio boss -> nio worker 线程的切换
eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
register0(promise);
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
// 日志记录...
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
}
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
doRegister();
neverRegistered = false;
registered = true;
// 执行初始化器，执行前 pipeline 中只有 head -> 初始化器 -> tail
pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
// 执行后就是 head -> logging handler -> my handler -> tail
safeSetSuccess(promise);
pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
if (isActive()) {
if (firstRegistration) {
// 触发 pipeline 上 active 事件
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
} else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
beginRead();
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.fireChannelActive();
// 触发 read (NioSocketChannel 这里 read，只是为了触发 channel 的事件注册，还未涉及数据读取)
readIfIsAutoRead();
}
protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
// Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
return;
}
readPending = true;
// 这时候 interestOps 是 0
final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
// 关注 read 事件
selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
}
}
处理Read事件
public final void read() {
final ChannelConfig config = config();
if (shouldBreakReadReady(config)) {
clearReadPending();
return;
}
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
// io.netty.allocator.type 决定 allocator 的实现
final ByteBufAllocator allocator = config.getAllocator();
// 用来分配 byteBuf，确定单次读取大小
final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = recvBufAllocHandle();
allocHandle.reset(config);
ByteBuf byteBuf = null;
boolean close = false;
try {
do {
byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator);
// 读取
allocHandle.lastBytesRead(doReadBytes(byteBuf));
if (allocHandle.lastBytesRead() <= 0) {
byteBuf.release();
byteBuf = null;
close = allocHandle.lastBytesRead() < 0;
if (close) {
readPending = false;
}
break;
}
allocHandle.incMessagesRead(1);
readPending = false;
// 触发 read 事件，让 pipeline 上的 handler 处理，这时是处理 NioSocketChannel 上的 handler
pipeline.fireChannelRead(byteBuf);
byteBuf = null;
}
// 是否要继续循环
while (allocHandle.continueReading());
allocHandle.readComplete();
// 触发 read complete 事件
pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();
if (close) {
closeOnRead(pipeline);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleReadException(pipeline, byteBuf, t, close, allocHandle);
} finally {
if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
removeReadOp();
}
}
}
问题
- handler是否可以重复使用?
- netty有哪些心跳类型?
- netty如何处理tcp中的黏包半包问题?
- 听说我们熟悉的RocketMq使用了netty? 我们去看一下?
public void start() {
this.defaultEventExecutorGroup = new DefaultEventExecutorGroup(
nettyServerConfig.getServerWorkerThreads(),
new ThreadFactory() {
private AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "NettyServerCodecThread_" + this.threadIndex.incrementAndGet());
}
});
prepareSharableHandlers();
ServerBootstrap childHandler =
this.serverBootstrap.group(this.eventLoopGroupBoss, this.eventLoopGroupSelector)
//根据环境确定ServerSocketChannel实现类
.channel(useEpoll() ? EpollServerSocketChannel.class : NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_REUSEADDR, true)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, false)
.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, nettyServerConfig.getServerSocketSndBufSize())
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, nettyServerConfig.getServerSocketRcvBufSize())
.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(this.nettyServerConfig.getListenPort()))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline()
.addLast(defaultEventExecutorGroup, HANDSHAKE_HANDLER_NAME, handshakeHandler)
.addLast(defaultEventExecutorGroup,
//编解码器
encoder,
new NettyDecoder(),
//空闲处理器
new IdleStateHandler(0, 0, nettyServerConfig.getServerChannelMaxIdleTimeSeconds()),
connectionManageHandler,
serverHandler
);
}
});
if (nettyServerConfig.isServerPooledByteBufAllocatorEnable()) {
childHandler.childOption(ChannelOption.ALLOCATOR, PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT);
}
try {
ChannelFuture sync = this.serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
InetSocketAddress addr = (InetSocketAddress) sync.channel().localAddress();
this.port = addr.getPort();
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
throw new RuntimeException("this.serverBootstrap.bind().sync() InterruptedException", e1);
}
if (this.channelEventListener != null) {
this.nettyEventExecutor.start();
}
this.timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
NettyRemotingServer.this.scanResponseTable();
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error("scanResponseTable exception", e);
}
}
}, 1000 * 3, 1000);
}
附录
netty启动流程思维导图(简略)
引用:《Netty权威指南》
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