android短信发送和接受

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-23 16:01:32 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-23 16:01:32 发布

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分类专栏： android中级 Linux 文章标签： android 短信应用

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本文详细介绍了在Android平台上如何实现短信的发送和接收。首先，在manifest文件中添加发送短信所需的权限。发送短信有两种方法，包括调用系统短信应用和直接使用系统接口。在发送过程中，使用BroadcastReceiver处理发送和送达状态。同时，文章讨论了监听短信的方法，可以通过系统广播监听新短信到来，或者自定义广播接收器。最后，还提到了如何通过短信数据库获取已接收的短信内容。

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短信发送

发短信第一件事是在manifest文件中添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

第一方法：调用系统发短信的应用

    /** 
         * 调起系统功能发短信 
         * @param phoneNumber 
         * @param message 
         */  
        public void doSendSMSTo(String phoneNumber,String message){  
            if(PhoneNumberUtils.isGlobalPhoneNumber(phoneNumber)){  
                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, Uri.parse("smsto:"+phoneNumber));            
                intent.putExtra("sms_body", message);            
                startActivity(intent);  
            }  
        }

第二：调用系统短信接口发送短信

// 对短信发送状态监听的广播接收器
    private SmsStatusReceiver mSmsStatusReceiver;
//对短信接受状态监听的广播接收器
    private SmsDeliveryStatusReceiver mSmsDeliveryStatusReceiver;
// 调用系统短信接口发送短信初始化
    private void initSendSms() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        smsPhone = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to);
        SmsContent = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.content_sms_content);
        send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_sms);

        // 注册短信发送成功后的广播接收器Action
        final String SMS_SEND_ACTIOIN = "SMS_SEND";
        final String SMS_DELIVERED_ACTION = "SMS_DELIVERED";
        mSmsStatusReceiver = new SmsStatusReceiver();
        registerReceiver(mSmsStatusReceiver, new IntentFilter(SMS_SEND_ACTIOIN));
        mSmsDeliveryStatusReceiver = new SmsDeliveryStatusReceiver();
        registerReceiver(mSmsDeliveryStatusReceiver, new IntentFilter(
                SMS_DELIVERED_ACTION));

        // 发送短信
        send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                //这个意图包装了对短信发送状态回调的处理逻辑 
                PendingIntent sentIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
                        SmsActivity.this, 1, new Intent(SMS_SEND_ACTIOIN), 0);
                //这个意图包装了对短信接受状态回调的处理逻辑 
                PendingIntent deliveryIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
                        SmsActivity.this, 2, new Intent(SMS_DELIVERED_ACTION),
                        0);
                SmsManager manager = SmsManager.getDefault();
                manager.sendTextMessage(smsPhone.getText().toString(), null,
                        SmsContent.getText().toString(), sentIntent,
                        deliveryIntent);
            }
        });

    }

//对于发送状态和接受状态的广播接收器的处理逻辑

/**
     * 短信发送后的发送状态广播接收器
     * 
     * @author cindy
     * 
     */
    public class SmsStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        private static final String TAG = "SmsStatusReceiver";

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Log.d(TAG, "SmsStatusReceiver onReceive.");
            switch (getResultCode()) {
            case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                Log.d(TAG, "Activity.RESULT_OK");
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE:
                Log.d(TAG, "RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE");
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE:
                Log.d(TAG, "RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE");
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU:
                Log.d(TAG, "RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU");
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF:
                Log.d(TAG, "RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF");
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 短信发送到对方后，对返回的对方接受状态的处理逻辑
     * 
     * @author cindy
     * 
     */
    public class SmsDeliveryStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        private static final String TAG = "SmsDeliveryStatusReceiver";

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Log.d(TAG, "SmsDeliveryStatusReceiver onReceive.");
            switch (getResultCode()) {
            case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                Log.i(TAG, "RESULT_OK");
                break;
            case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:
                Log.i(TAG, "RESULT_CANCELED");
                break;
            }
        }
    }

smsManager.sendTextMessage(destinationAddress, scAddress, text, sentIntent, deliveryIntent) 
//关于这个方法参数的说明

– destinationAddress：目标电话号码
– scAddress：短信中心号码，测试可以不填
– text: 短信内容
– sentIntent：发送 –>中国移动 –> 中国移动发送失败 –> 返回发送成功或失败信号 –> 后续处理即，这个意图包装了短信发送状态的信息
– deliveryIntent：发送 –>中国移动 –> 中国移动发送成功 –> 返回对方是否收到这个信息 –> 后续处理即：这个意图包装了短信是否被对方收到的状态信息（供应商已经发送成功，但是对方没有收到）。

监听短信

也有两种方法，一种通过监听系统发出的广播监听新短信到来，action=android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED
下面是这个broadcastReceiver的onreceive方法，

package com.vincent.org.networkapp.broadcastreceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsMessage;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * 当系统接收到一个新消息时候系统发送一条action="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"的广播。
 * 这是一条有序广播可能被截断，所以这个广播方式只对新短信有效，同时未必有效，可能被系统切断了就收不到了有新短信的广播。
 * 
 * @author cindy
 * 
 */
public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    private static final String SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";
    private static final String TAG = "SmsReceiver";

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //获取到这个intent的action是不是android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED
        Log.i(TAG, "action: " + intent.getAction());

        if (SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())) {
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();//用于存储短信内容
            String sender = null;
            Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
            if (bundle != null) {
                Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");// 根据pdus key获取短信消息mesg数组，
//数组每一个元素表示一个SMS消息。将每个pdu字节数组转化成SmsMessage对象，调用SmsMessage.createFromPdu，传入每个字节数组
                for (Object object : pdus) {
                    SmsMessage message = SmsMessage
                            .createFromPdu((byte[]) object);
                    sender = message.getOriginatingAddress();
                    builder.append(message.getMessageBody());
                    Log.i(TAG, "sender: " + sender + " builder: " + builder);
                }
                if (!builder.toString().isEmpty()) {
                //如果短信不为空，发送一个自定义广播，把信息传递到activity上面显示
                    Log.d(TAG, "send message broadcast ,action=sms_received");
                    Intent intentbroadCast = new Intent();
                    intentbroadCast.putExtra("content", builder.toString());
//发送人       
            intentbroadCast.putExtra("sender", sender);
//短信内容体
                    intentbroadCast.setAction("sms_received");
                    context.sendBroadcast(intentbroadCast);// 发送一个sms_received的广播
                }

            }

        }
    }

}

自定义广播接收器

    class MessageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        private static final String SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION = "sms_received";
        private static final String TAG = "MessageReceiver";

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.i(TAG, intent.getAction());
            // 是不是接收到我们自定义发送的广播？
            if (SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())) {
                Log.i(TAG, "动态注册自定义广播接收器");
                Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();

//将接受短信的对方号码和短信内容输出到UI界面。   
        sender.setText(bundle.getString("sender"));
                content.setText(bundle.getString("content"));
            }
        }
    }

    // 注册广播接收器
        filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction("sms_received");
        receiver = new MessageReceiver();
        registerReceiver(receiver, filter);

ondestry（）方法内注销动态注册的广播接收器
    unregisterReceiver(receiver);

通过短信数据库获取短信内容

//sms信箱唯一路径
private final Uri SMS_INBOX = Uri.parse("content://sms/");

    private final Handler smsHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        }
    };
    private SmsObserver smsObserver;

    // 短信数据库的观察者，当短信数据库发生改变时候就触发这个类的onchange方法
    // 当数据库发生改变时候，将触发这个类的onchange方法
    class SmsObserver extends ContentObserver {

        private static final String TAG = "SmsObserver";

        public SmsObserver(Handler handler) {
            super(handler);
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }

//当短信数据库发送改变是回调这个方法
        @Override
        public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            super.onChange(selfChange);
            List<SmsBean> list = getSmsFromPhone();
            if (list != null) {
                content.setText(list.toString());
                sender.setText(list.get(0).getNumber());
                Log.i(TAG, content.getText().toString());
            }
        }

        // 只是获取到address为15622204503的号码短信
        private List<SmsBean> getSmsFromPhone() {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            ContentResolver cResolver = getContentResolver();
            String[] projection = new String[] { "body", "address", "person" };// 返回的列名
            long data = System.currentTimeMillis() - 10 * 60 * 1000;
            String where = " address= '15622204503' AND date > " + data;//构建where语句
            Cursor cursor = cResolver.query(SMS_INBOX, projection, where, null,
                    "date desc");
            if (null == cursor) {
                return null;
            }
            List<SmsBean> list = new ArrayList<SmsBean>();

            if (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                Log.i(TAG, "address: " + cursor.getColumnIndex("address") + "");
                String number = cursor.getString(cursor
                        .getColumnIndex("address"));// 手机号
                String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("person"));// 联系人名称
                String body = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("body"));
                list.add(new SmsBean(number, name, body));
            }
            cursor.close();
            return list;
        }

    }

// 通过查询短信数据库获取短信数据
//获取一个观察者实例，注册到SMS_INBOX上面，只要有短信到来就会触发smsObserver实例的onchange方法执行。
        smsObserver = new SmsObserver(smsHandler);
        getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(SMS_INBOX, true,
                smsObserver);