C#委托Action、Action<T>、Func<T>、Predicate<T>

本文详细介绍了C#中Action、Func和Predicate三种常用委托的使用方法,包括它们的基本概念、参数及返回值特点,并通过具体示例展示了如何使用Lambda表达式来简化代码。
一、Action

Action 封装的方法没有参数也没有返回值,声明原型为:

public delegate void  Action();

用法:

public void Alert()
{
    Console.WriteLine("这是一个警告");
}
Action t = new Action(Alert);//实例化一个Action委托
t();

如果委托的方法里的语句比较简短,也可以用Lambd表达式直接把方法定义在委托中,如下:

Action t=()=>{Console.WriteLine("这是一个警告");};
t();
二、Action < T>

Action<T> 是Action的泛型实现,也没有返回值,但可以传入最多16个参数,两个参数的声明原型为:

public delegate void Action<in T1, in T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

用法如下:

private void ShowResult(int a, int b)
{
    Console.WriteLine(a + b);
}

Action<int, int> t = new Action<int, int>(ShowResult);//两个参数但没返回值的委托
t(2, 3);

同样也可以直接用Lambd表达式直接把方法定义在委托中,代码如下:

Action<int,int>t=(a,b)=>{Console.WriteLine(a+b);};
t(2,3);
三、Func < T>

Func委托始终都会有返回值,返回值的类型是参数中最后一个,可以传入一个参数,也可以最多传入16个参数,但可以传入最多16个参数,两个参数一个返回值的声明原型为:

public delegate TResult Func<in T1, in T2, out TResult>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

用法如下:

public bool Compare(int a, int b)
{
    return a > b;
}

Func<int, int, bool> t = new Func<int, int, bool>(Compare);//传入两个int参数,返回bool值
bool result = t(2, 3);

同样也可以直接用Lambd表达式直接把方法定义在委托中,代码如下:

Func<int,int,bool>t=(a,b)=>{return a>b;};
bool result = t(2,3);
四、Predicate < T >

Predicate<T>委托表示定义一组条件并确定指定对象是否符合这些条件的方法,返回值始终为bool类型,声明原型为:

public delegate bool Predicate<int T>(T obj);

用法如下:

public bool Match(int val)
{
    return val>60;
}
Predicate<int> t = new Predicate<int>(Match);//定义一个比较委托
int[] arr ={13,45,26,98,3,56,72,24};
int first = Array.Find(arr,t);//找到数组中大于60的第一个元素

同样也可以直接用Lambd表达式直接把方法定义在委托中,代码如下:

Predicate<int> t = val=>{return val>60;};//定义一个比较委托
int[] arr ={13,45,26,98,3,56,72,24};
int first= Array.Find(arr,t);//找到数组中大于60的第一个元素
总结
  • 如果要委托的方法没有参数也没有返回值就想到Action
  • 有参数但没有返回值就想到Action<T>
  • 无参数有返回值、有参数且有返回值就想到Func<T>
  • 有bool类型的返回值,多用在比较器的方法,要委托这个方法就想到用Predicate<T>
例子
List<int> arr_Int = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 23, 42, 33, 221, 213 };
bool bIsExist = arr_Int.Exists(n => n > 250);
int c = arr_Int.Find(n => n == 2);
int nFirst = arr_Int.First<int>();
arr_Int.ForEach(n => {});
arr_Int.Insert(1, 11111);
arr_Int.Reverse();
List<int> INTArr = arr_Int.Select((n, Tresult) => Tresult = n).ToList();
arr_Int.Single(n=>n==23);
var query = (from i in arr_Int
            where i > 1111
            select i).ToArray();
public interface IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : BaseEntity { /// <summary> /// EF DBContext /// </summary> VOLContext DbContext { get; } ISqlDapper DapperContext { get; } /// <summary> /// 执行事务。将在执行的方法带入Action /// </summary> /// <param name="action"></param> /// <returns></returns> WebResponseContent DbContextBeginTransaction(Func<WebResponseContent> action); /// <summary> /// 通过条件查询数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="where"></param> /// <returns></returns> List<TEntity> Find(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> where); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="predicate"></param> /// <param name="orderBySelector">排序字段,数据格式如: /// orderBy = x => new Dictionary<object, bool>() { /// { x.BalconyName,QueryOrderBy.Asc}, /// { x.TranCorpCode1,QueryOrderBy.Desc} /// }; /// /// </param> /// <returns></returns> TEntity FindFirst(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, QueryOrderBy>>> orderBy = null); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="predicate">where条件</param> /// <param name="orderBy">排序字段,数据格式如: /// orderBy = x => new Dictionary<object, bool>() { /// { x.BalconyName,QueryOrderBy.Asc}, /// { x.TranCorpCode1,QueryOrderBy.Desc} /// }; /// </param> /// <returns></returns> IQueryable<TEntity> FindAsIQueryable(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, QueryOrderBy>>> orderBy = null); /// <summary> /// 通过条件查询数据 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="predicate">查询条件</param> /// <param name="selector">返回类型如:Find(x => x.UserName == loginInfo.userName, p => new { uname = p.UserName });</param> /// <returns></returns> List<T> Find<T>(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, T>> selector); /// <summary> /// 根据条件,返回查询的类 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TFind"></typeparam> /// <param name="predicate"></param> /// <returns></returns> List<TFind> Find<TFind>(Expression<Func<TFind, bool>> predicate) where TFind : class; Task<TFind> FindAsyncFirst<TFind>(Expression<Func<TFind, bool>> predicate) where TFind : class; Task<TEntity> FindAsyncFirst(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate); Task<List<TFind>> FindAsync<TFind>(Expression<Func<TFind, bool>> predicate) where TFind : class; Task<TEntity> FindFirstAsync(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate); Task<List<TEntity>> FindAsync(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate); Task<List<T>> FindAsync<T>(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, T>> selector); Task<T> FindFirstAsync<T>(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, T>> selector); /// <summary> /// 多条件查询 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="Source"></typeparam> /// <param name="sources">要查询的多个条件的数据源</param> /// <param name="predicate">生成的查询条件</param> /// <returns></returns> List<TEntity> Find<Source>(IEnumerable<Source> sources, Func<Source, Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>>> predicate) where Source : class; /// <summary> /// 多条件查询 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="Source"></typeparam> /// <param name="sources">要查询的多个条件的数据源</param> /// <param name="predicate">生成的查询条件</param> /// <param name="selector">自定义返回结果</param> /// <returns></returns> List<TResult> Find<Source, TResult>(IEnumerable<Source> sources, Func<Source, Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, TResult>> selector) where Source : class; /// <summary> /// 多条件查询 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="Source"></typeparam> /// <param name="sources">要查询的多个条件的数据源</param> /// <param name="predicate">生成的查询条件</param> /// <returns></returns> IQueryable<TEntity> FindAsIQueryable<Source>(IEnumerable<Source> sources, Func<Source, Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>>> predicate) where Source : class; Task<bool> ExistsAsync(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate); bool Exists(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate); bool Exists<TExists>(Expression<Func<TExists, bool>> predicate) where TExists : class; Task<bool> ExistsAsync<TExists>(Expression<Func<TExists, bool>> predicate) where TExists : class; IIncludableQueryable<TEntity, TProperty> Include<TProperty>(Expression<Func<TEntity, TProperty>> incluedProperty); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TResult"></typeparam> /// <param name="pageIndex"></param> /// <param name="pagesize"></param> /// <param name="rowcount"></param> /// <param name="predicate"></param> /// <param name="orderBy"> /// 通过多个字段排序Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, bool>>> /// orderBy = x => new Dictionary<object, bool>() { /// { x.BalconyName,QueryOrderBy.Asc}, /// { x.TranCorpCode1,QueryOrderBy.Desc} /// }; /// <param name="selectorResult">查询返回的对象</param> /// <returns></returns> List<TResult> QueryByPage<TResult>(int pageIndex, int pagesize, out int rowcount, Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, QueryOrderBy>>> orderBySelector, Expression<Func<TEntity, TResult>> selectorResult, bool returnRowCount = true); List<TResult> QueryByPage<TResult>(int pageIndex, int pagesize, Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, QueryOrderBy>>> orderBy, Expression<Func<TEntity, TResult>> selectorResult = null); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="pageIndex"></param> /// <param name="pagesize"></param> /// <param name="rowcount"></param> /// <param name="predicate"></param> /// <param name="orderBy"></param> /// /// 通过多个字段排序Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, bool>>> /// orderBy = x => new Dictionary<object, bool>() { /// { x.BalconyName,QueryOrderBy.Asc}, /// { x.TranCorpCode1,QueryOrderBy.Desc} /// }; /// <returns></returns> List<TEntity> QueryByPage(int pageIndex, int pagesize, out int rowcount, Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, QueryOrderBy>>> orderBy, bool returnRowCount = true); IQueryable<TFind> IQueryablePage<TFind>(int pageIndex, int pagesize, out int rowcount, Expression<Func<TFind, bool>> predicate, Expression<Func<TEntity, Dictionary<object, QueryOrderBy>>> orderBy, bool returnRowCount = true) where TFind : class; IQueryable<TEntity> IQueryablePage(IQueryable<TEntity> queryable, int pageIndex, int pagesize, out int rowcount, Dictionary<string, QueryOrderBy> orderBy, bool returnRowCount = true); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <param name="properties">指定更新字段:x=>new {x.Name,x.Enable}</param> /// <param name="saveChanges">是否保存</param> /// <returns></returns> int Update(TEntity entity, Expression<Func<TEntity, object>> properties, bool saveChanges = false); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <param name="properties">指定更新字段:x=>new {x.Name,x.Enable}</param> /// <param name="saveChanges">是否保存</param> /// <returns></returns> int Update<TSource>(TSource entity, Expression<Func<TSource, object>> properties, bool saveChanges = false) where TSource : class; int Update<TSource>(TSource entity, bool saveChanges = false) where TSource : class; int Update<TSource>(TSource entity, string[] properties, bool saveChanges = false) where TSource : class; int UpdateRange<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> entities, bool saveChanges = false) where TSource : class; /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <param name="properties">指定更新字段:x=>new {x.Name,x.Enable}</param> /// <param name="saveChanges">是否保存</param> /// <returns></returns> int UpdateRange<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> models, Expression<Func<TSource, object>> properties, bool saveChanges = false) where TSource : class; int UpdateRange<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> entities, string[] properties, bool saveChanges = false) where TSource : class; /// <summary> ///修改时同时对明细的添加、删除、修改 /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <param name="updateDetail">是否修改明细</param> /// <param name="delNotExist">是否删除明细不存在的数据</param> /// <param name="updateMainFields">主表指定修改字段</param> /// <param name="updateDetailFields">明细指定修改字段</param> /// <param name="saveChange">是否保存</param> /// <returns></returns> WebResponseContent UpdateRange<Detail>(TEntity entity, bool updateDetail = false, bool delNotExist = false, Expression<Func<TEntity, object>> updateMainFields = null, Expression<Func<Detail, object>> updateDetailFields = null, bool saveChange = false) where Detail : class; void Delete(TEntity model, bool saveChanges=false); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="keys"></param> /// <param name="delList">是否将子表的数据也删除</param> /// <returns></returns> int DeleteWithKeys(object[] keys, bool delList = false); void Add(TEntity entities, bool SaveChanges = false); void AddRange(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities, bool SaveChanges = false); Task AddAsync(TEntity entities); Task AddRangeAsync(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities); void AddRange<T>(IEnumerable<T> entities, bool saveChanges = false) where T : class; void BulkInsert(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities, bool setOutputIdentity = false); int SaveChanges(); Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(); int ExecuteSqlCommand(string sql, params SqlParameter[] sqlParameters); List<TEntity> FromSql(string sql, params SqlParameter[] sqlParameters); /// <summary> /// 执行sql /// 使用方式 FormattableString sql=$"select * from xx where name ={xx} and pwd={xx1} ", /// FromSqlInterpolated内部处理sql注入的问题,直接在{xx}写对应的值即可 /// 注意:sql必须 select * 返回所有TEntity字段, /// </summary> /// <param name="formattableString"></param> /// <returns></returns> IQueryable<TEntity> FromSqlInterpolated([System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.NotNull] FormattableString sql); /// <summary> /// 取消上下文跟踪 /// 更新报错时,请调用此方法:The instance of entity type 'XXX' cannot be tracked because another instance with the same key value for {'XX'} is already being tracked. /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> void Detached(TEntity entity); void DetachedRange(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities); }
最新发布
08-01
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