【Linux】Ubuntu下C语言访问MySQL数据库入门-优快云博客

本文介绍如何在Ubuntu环境下安装MySQL服务器与客户端，并通过C语言实现数据库连接测试及SQL语句执行。包括数据库环境搭建步骤、表创建、数据插入等操作。

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MySQL数据库环境配置

首先需要安装MySQL客户端和服务器，命令行安装方式为：

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

然后，要使用C语言编程访问数据库，需要另外安装一个开发包：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient15-dev

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient15-dev

在MySQL中建立相应数据库

首先以用户rick登录MySQL数据库（用户rick已经被root权限用户赋予了创建数据库等等的权限）：

然后创建一个名为foo的数据库：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

CREATE DATABASE foo;

CREATE DATABASE foo;

然后利用如下SQL语句创建表及插入数据：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

CREATE TABLE children(
childno int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
fname varchar(30),
age int(11),
PRIMARY KEY (childno)
);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(1,'Jenny',21);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(2,'Andrew',17);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(3,'Gavin',8);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(4,'Duncan',6);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(5,'Emma',4);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(6,'Alex',15);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(7,'Adrian',9);

CREATE TABLE children(
    childno int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
    fname varchar(30),
    age int(11),
    PRIMARY KEY (childno)
    );

INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(1,'Jenny',21);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(2,'Andrew',17);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(3,'Gavin',8);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(4,'Duncan',6);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(5,'Emma',4);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(6,'Alex',15);
INSERT INTO children(childno,fname,age) VALUES(7,'Adrian',9);

在MySQL命令行模式中执行方法如下：

MySQL数据库连接测试

然后采用如下C语言进行数据库连接测试connect1.c：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "mysql.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
MYSQL *conn_ptr;
conn_ptr = mysql_init(NULL);
if(!conn_ptr)
{
fprintf(stderr,"mysql_init failed\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
conn_ptr = mysql_real_connect(conn_ptr,"localhost","rick","rick","foo",0,NULL,0);
if(conn_ptr)
printf("Connection success\n");
else
printf("Connection failed\n");
mysql_close(conn_ptr);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "mysql.h"

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
  MYSQL *conn_ptr;
  conn_ptr = mysql_init(NULL);

  if(!conn_ptr)
  {
    fprintf(stderr,"mysql_init failed\n");
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  conn_ptr = mysql_real_connect(conn_ptr,"localhost","rick","rick","foo",0,NULL,0);

  if(conn_ptr)
    printf("Connection success\n");
  else
    printf("Connection failed\n");

  mysql_close(conn_ptr);

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

执行结果：

注意的是：需要指定include库和库文件的路径名，以及指定链接的库模块mysqlclient。

如果不在开始的时候安装开发包，就会产生如下错误：

执行SQL语句进行数据操作

向数据库表children中插入一行：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "mysql.h"
int main()
{
MYSQL my_connecyion;
int res;
mysql_init(&my_connecyion);
if(mysql_real_connect(&my_connecyion,"localhost","rick","rick","foo",0,NULL,0))
{
printf("Connection success\n");
//执行SQL语句
res = mysql_query(&my_connecyion,"INSERT INTO children(fname,age) VALUES('Ann',3)");
if(!res)
printf("Inserted %lu rows\n",(unsigned long)mysql_affected_rows(&my_connecyion));
else
fprintf(stderr,"Insert error %d : %s \n",mysql_errno(&my_connecyion),mysql_error(&my_connecyion));
mysql_close(&my_connecyion);
}
else{
fprintf(stderr,"Connection failed\n");
if(mysql_errno(&my_connecyion))
fprintf(stderr,"Connection error %d : %s\n",mysql_errno(&my_connecyion),mysql_error(&my_connecyion));
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "mysql.h"

int main()
{
  MYSQL my_connecyion;
  int res;

  mysql_init(&my_connecyion);

  if(mysql_real_connect(&my_connecyion,"localhost","rick","rick","foo",0,NULL,0))
  {
    printf("Connection success\n");

    //执行SQL语句
    res = mysql_query(&my_connecyion,"INSERT INTO children(fname,age) VALUES('Ann',3)");

    if(!res)
      printf("Inserted %lu rows\n",(unsigned long)mysql_affected_rows(&my_connecyion));
    else
      fprintf(stderr,"Insert error %d : %s \n",mysql_errno(&my_connecyion),mysql_error(&my_connecyion));

    mysql_close(&my_connecyion);
  }
  else{
    fprintf(stderr,"Connection failed\n");
    if(mysql_errno(&my_connecyion))
      fprintf(stderr,"Connection error %d : %s\n",mysql_errno(&my_connecyion),mysql_error(&my_connecyion));
  }

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

运行结果：