linux学习lesson39

1 lamp架构介绍

Linux+Apache(httpd)+MySQL+PHP

PHP网站（Google、淘宝、百度、51cto博客、猿课论坛）

三个角色可以在一台机器、也可以分开（httpd和PHP要在一起）

2 mysql，mariadb介绍

• MySQL是一个关系型数据库，由mysql ab公司开发，mysql在2008年被sun公司收购（10亿刀），2009年sun公司被oracle公司收购（74亿刀）
• MySQL官网https://www.mysql.com 最新版本5.7GA/8.0DMR
• MySQL5.6变化比较大，5.7性能上有很大提升
• Mariadb为MySQL的一个分支，官网https://mariadb.com/最新版本10.3
• MariaDB主要由SkySQL公司(现更名为MariaDB公司)维护,SkySQL公司由MySQL原作者带领大部分原班人马创立.
• Mariadb5.5版本对应MySQL的5.5，10.0对应MySQL5.6 Community 社区版本，Enterprise 企业版，GA（Generally Available)指通用版本，在生产环境中用的，DMR（Development MilestoneRelease)开发里程碑发布版RC（Release Candidate)发行候选版本，Beta开放测试版本，Alpha内部测试版本

3 mysql安装

本实验以安装mysql5.6版本

[root@linux01 ~] cd /usr/local/src
[root@linux01 src]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@linux01 src]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@linux01 src]# mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

进入源文件mysql目录

[root@linux01 mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@linux01 mysql]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql //创建mysql不带家目录以及不登录
[root@linux01 mysql]# mkdir /data/

初始化mysql

[root@linux01 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

验证初始mysql是否成功

[root@linux01 mysql]# echo $?
0

配置mysql的my.cnf文件

[root@linux01 mysql]#cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf //进行修改my.cnf配置（只是简单配置做测试，系统默认在/etc/my.cnf这个配置文件，也可以直接使用）
[root@linux01 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
#basedir = .....
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

配置mysql服务启动

[root@linux01 mysql]#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@linux01 mysql]#vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
定义basedir和datadir
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
[root@linux01 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/linux01.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@linux01 mysql]# netstat -lntp | grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1998/mysqld       

这样就成功安装了

添加到开启启动：

[root@linux01 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@linux01 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
[root@linux01 mysql]# service mysqld start

安装过程中出现的问题有：
1）[root@linux01 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper
解决办法：

[root@linux01 mysql]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper

2）
[root@linux01 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
Installing MySQL system tables…/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法：

[root@linux01 mysql]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@linux01 mysql]# yum install -y libaio-devel

扩展
mysql5.5源码编译安装 http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/thread-1059-1-1.html
mysql5.7二进制包安装（变化较大） http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-10105-1-1.html