Android 文件选择器获取文件路径

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配置

1.依赖引用

用于本人使用的API Level为30，所以在app目录下的build:gradle中导入的依赖为：

 implementation "androidx.core:core:1.3.2"

如果使用的稳定版本在28.0.0（因为28.0.0的稳定版本还是采用android.support）及以下时，根据具体情况导入对应的V4或V7包。

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2.AndroidManifest.xml配置

权限设置

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REPLACE_EXISTING_PACKAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

provider设置

在7.0及以后的版本还需要在AndroidManifest.xml中配置FileProvider

如果使用android.support就要在name里面进行相应的修改

<provider
    android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="${applicationId}.fileprovider"
    android:exported="false"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>

file_paths:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <external-files-path path="/test" name="test"/>
</resources>

---

具体使用

1.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/upload"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">

    </RelativeLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/upload_button"
        android:layout_width="110dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="60dp"
        android:layout_below="@id/upload"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="button"
        android:textSize="10sp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:background="@color/cardview_dark_background"
        android:drawablePadding="5dp"
        android:paddingStart="10dp"
        android:paddingLeft="10dp"
        tools:ignore="RtlHardcoded,RtlSymmetry,SmallSp" />

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_below="@id/upload_button"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/upload_res"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text=""/>
    </RelativeLayout>


</RelativeLayout>

---

2.检查权限

如果不检查权限会导致在获取文件路径时数据为空

private void checkPermission() {
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.i("permission", "获取权限成功");
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 201);
        }
    }

---

3.使用文件选择器并获取路径

private void OpenFile(View view) {
//        指定选择的文件类型
        String[] mimeTypes = {"*/*"};
//        ACTION_GET_CONTENT：允许用户选择特殊种类的数据，并返回
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
        StringBuilder mimeTypesStr = new StringBuilder();
        for (String mimeType : mimeTypes) {
            mimeTypesStr.append(mimeType).append("|");
        }
        intent.setType(mimeTypesStr.substring(0, mimeTypesStr.length() - 1));
        startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "选择文件"), REQUEST_FILE_CODE);
    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_FILE_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            Uri uri = data.getData();
            url = FileUtil.getPath(this, uri);
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
                resTv.setText(url);
            }
        }
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

可以通过定义mimeTypes来控制选择的文件类型，另外如果是选择图片，ACTION_GET_CONTENT与ACTION_PICK两种方法都可以打开Android本地图库（Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT获取的是所有本地图片， Intent.ACTION_PICK获取的是相册中的图片），两者的使用和返回的uri有所不同。

---

4.FileUtil.java

本人在一位大佬公开给的FileUtil上进行了修改，非常感谢，这是大佬的链接，如下:

package com.example.test.utils;

import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;

import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * 文件工具类
 */
public class FileUtil {


    /**
     * 专为Android4.4设计的从Uri获取文件绝对路径，以前的方法已不好使
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
    public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {

        final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;

        // DocumentProvider
        if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            // ExternalStorageProvider
            //一些三方的文件浏览器会进入到这个方法中，例如ES
            //QQ文件管理器不在此列
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }
            }
            // DownloadsProvider
            else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
                final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                // 不同系统获取的id开头可能不一样，在这后面便是真实的地址
                if (id.startsWith("msf:")) {
                    return id.replaceFirst("msf:", "");
                }
                final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            }
            // MediaProvider
            else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }

                final String selection = "_id=?";
                final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        } else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {// MediaStore (and general)
            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
                return uri.getLastPathSegment();


            if (isQQMediaDocument(uri)) {
                String path = uri.getPath();
                File fileDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
                File file = new File(fileDir, path.substring("/QQBrowser".length(), path.length()));
                return file.exists() ? file.toString() : null;
            }

            return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
        } else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {// File

            return uri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
     * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
     *
     * @param context       The context.
     * @param uri           The Uri to query.
     * @param selection     (Optional) Filter used in the query.
     * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
     * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
     */
    public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {

        Cursor cursor = null;
        final String column = MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA;
        final String[] projection = {column};
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(column_index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }


    /**
     * 使用第三方qq文件管理器打开
     *
     * @param uri
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isQQMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.tencent.mtt.fileprovider".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

}

5.完整代码

package com.example.test;

import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.test.utils.FileUtil;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int REQUEST_FILE_CODE = 200;
    String url = "";
    Button button;
    TextView resTv;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        button = findViewById(R.id.upload_button);
        resTv = findViewById(R.id.upload_res);
        checkPermission();

        button.setOnClickListener(this::OpenFile);
    }

    private void checkPermission() {
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.i("permission", "获取权限成功");
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 201);
        }
    }

    private void OpenFile(View view) {
//        指定选择的文件类型
        String[] mimeTypes = {"*/*"};
//        ACTION_GET_CONTENT：允许用户选择特殊种类的数据，并返回
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
        StringBuilder mimeTypesStr = new StringBuilder();
        for (String mimeType : mimeTypes) {
            mimeTypesStr.append(mimeType).append("|");
        }
        intent.setType(mimeTypesStr.substring(0, mimeTypesStr.length() - 1));
        startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "选择文件"), REQUEST_FILE_CODE);
    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_FILE_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            Uri uri = data.getData();
            Log.d("uri", "uri:" + uri);
            url = FileUtil.getPath(this, uri);
            Log.d("upload_url", url);
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
                resTv.setText(url);
            }
        }
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }
}

效果如图：