Android6.0权限管理

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在Android6.0棉花糖中，应用程序不再于安装时获取所有权限，而是需要在运行时向用户逐个请求权限。若用户拒绝所需权限，可能会导致程序崩溃。本文详细介绍了需要在运行时请求的权限类别及具体权限。

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Android6.0权限管理

在Android6.0棉花糖，app将不会在安装的时候授予权限。取而代之的是， app不得不在运行时一个一个询问用户授予权限。并且这些询问用户是否授予权限的弹框必须由开发者在使用API之前来主动调用。

注意权限询问对话框不会自己弹出来。开发者不得不自己调用。如果开发者要调用的一些函数需要某权限而用户又拒绝授权的话，函数将
抛出异常直接导致程序崩溃。

如果项目targetSDKVersion>23，当使用需要下列权限的API之前就需要写个方法检查有没有权限。否则当没有权限时直接调用API程序就会崩溃。

Permission Group	Permission
android.permission-group.CONTACTS	permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
	permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
	permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
android.permission-group.PHONE	permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
	permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
	permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
	permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
	permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
	permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
	permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
android.permission-group.CALENDAR	permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
	permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
android.permission-group.CAMERA	permission:android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission-group.SENSORS	permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
android.permission-group.LOCATION	permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
	permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission-group.STORAGE	permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
	permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE	permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
android.permission-group.SMS	permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
	permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
	permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
	permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
	permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
	permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

app在调用API前请求相应权限例子（插入新联系人）：

首先写一下联系人权限检测方法：

    final private int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS = 123;
    private void insertDummyContactWrapper() {
        int hasWriteContactsPermission = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS);
        if (hasWriteContactsPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            requestPermissions(new String[] {Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS},
                    REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS);
            return;
        }
        //向手机写入联系人
        insertDummyContact();
    }

向手机写入联系人方法

    private static final String TAG = "Contacts";
    private void insertDummyContact() {
        // Two operations are needed to insert a new contact.
        Toast.makeText(this,"insertDummy",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations = new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>(2);
        // First, set up a new raw contact.
        Builder op =
                newInsert(ContactsContract.RawContacts.CONTENT_URI)
                        .withValue(ContactsContract.RawContacts.ACCOUNT_TYPE, null)
                        .withValue(ContactsContract.RawContacts.ACCOUNT_NAME, null);
        operations.add(op.build());
        // Next, set the name for the contact.
        op = ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI)
                .withValueBackReference(ContactsContract.Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, 0)
                .withValue(ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE,
                        ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.StructuredName.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)
                .withValue(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.StructuredName.DISPLAY_NAME,
                        "__DUMMY CONTACT from runtime permissions sample");
        operations.add(op.build());
        // Apply the operations.
        ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
        try {
            resolver.applyBatch(ContactsContract.AUTHORITY, operations);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Could not add a new contact: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (OperationApplicationException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Could not add a new contact: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

接收用户对请求权限弹窗的处理结果

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS:
                if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    // Permission Granted
                    insertDummyContact();
                } else {
                    // Permission Denied
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "WRITE_CONTACTS Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                            .show();
                }break;
            default:
                super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        }
    }

权限管理逻辑图

这里写图片描述