Android所有版本的存储权限适配

原创 2024-12-16 15:01:50 2.4k 阅读 AI写同款

JianfeiMa

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Android各个版本存储权限适配虽然 Android10 上面提出了外部存储分区的概念，不过之前的版本中，我们只要为应用添加了。1、AndroidManifest添加权限设置。3、拒绝权限时跳转详细设置页面。就可以像之前的方式一样访问手机的外部存储空间。2、请求所有文件管理权限。阅读详情

AI摘要

本文介绍了在Android应用中，针对不同版本（从Android6.0到Android12）如何在Manifest文件中配置权限，以及如何在运行时请求READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限以在外部存储上写入文件，包括对MediaImages权限的处理和针对Android11/12的新规则。

第一步：在Manifest文件添加如下权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" android:maxSdkVersion="28" tools:ignore="ScopedStorage"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
   第二步：定义以下常量
   private static final int REQUEST_CODE_FOR_READ_MEDIA_IMAGES_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_13 = 0x00000003;
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_10_TO_ANDROID_12 = 0x00000005;
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FOR_ANDROID_6_TO_ANDROID_9 = 0x00000006;
   第三步：在需要写入文件的地方编写以下代码
java.io.OutputStream outputStream = null;
java.lang.String errorMessage = "";
java.lang.String fileName = "test_导出资料_" + java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xls";
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号是大于等于安卓6.0以上的版本，需要检查运行时的危险权限");
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号是大于等于安卓10.0以上的版本，说明是只能用媒介存储写入文件和读取文件");
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号是大于等于安卓13.0以上的版本，换成检查Media声音和Media视频和Media图片的权限");
int checkSelfPermissionResultForReadMediaImages = checkSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES);
android.util.Log.d("debug", "checkSelfPermissionResultForReadMediaImages->" + checkSelfPermissionResultForReadMediaImages);
if (checkSelfPermissionResultForReadMediaImages == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "已经授予媒介图片的读取权限");
android.net.Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
android.content.ContentValues contentValues = new android.content.ContentValues();
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "application/x-xls");
android.content.ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
android.net.Uri uriForInsertResult = contentResolver.insert(uri, contentValues);
try {
outputStream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uriForInsertResult);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
} else {
errorMessage = "需要授予权限";
android.util.Log.d("debug", "没有授予媒介图片的读取权限");
android.util.Log.d("debug", "现在执行请求读取媒介图片的权限");
java.lang.String[] permission = new java.lang.String[1];
permission[0] = android.Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES;
requestPermissions(permission, REQUEST_CODE_FOR_READ_MEDIA_IMAGES_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_13);
}
int checkSelfPermissionResultForReadExternalStorage = checkSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
int checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage = checkSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
android.util.Log.d("debug", "检测完读取媒介图片权限之后再检测外部存储读取权限看看->" + checkSelfPermissionResultForReadExternalStorage);
android.util.Log.d("debug", "检测完读取媒介图片权限之后再检测外部存储写入权限看看->" + checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage);
} else {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号介于10.0到12.0之间的，通过android.provider.MediaStore获取外部存储目录");
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "安卓11或者安卓12通过Environment的isExternalStorageManager方法检查是否有权限");
if (android.os.Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "在安卓11或者安卓12中有读写文件的权限");
android.net.Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
android.content.ContentValues contentValues = new android.content.ContentValues();
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "application/x-xls");
android.content.ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
android.net.Uri uriForInsertResult = contentResolver.insert(uri, contentValues);
try {
outputStream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uriForInsertResult);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
} else {
errorMessage = "需要授予权限";
android.util.Log.d("debug", "安卓11或者安卓12的逻辑请求权限");
try {
Intent intent = new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
intent.setData(android.net.Uri.parse(String.format("package:%s",getApplicationContext().getPackageName())));
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_10_TO_ANDROID_12);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_10_TO_ANDROID_12);
}
}
} else {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "在安卓10版本中沿用之前的检查方法");
int checkSelfPermissionResultForReadExternalStorage = androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
//int checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage = androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
android.util.Log.d("debug", "checkSelfPermissionResultForReadExternalStorage->" + checkSelfPermissionResultForReadExternalStorage);
//android.util.Log.d("debug", "checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage->" + checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage);
//boolean isHavePermission = checkSelfPermissionResultForReadExternalStorage == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
if (checkSelfPermissionResultForReadExternalStorage == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "已经授予外部存储写入权限");
android.net.Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
android.content.ContentValues contentValues = new android.content.ContentValues();
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "application/x-xls");
android.content.ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
android.net.Uri uriForInsertResult = contentResolver.insert(uri, contentValues);
try {
outputStream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uriForInsertResult);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
} else {
errorMessage = "需要授予权限";
android.util.Log.d("debug", "没有授予外部存储写入权限");
android.util.Log.d("debug", "现在执行请求外部存储写入的权限");
android.util.Log.d("debug", "安卓10的逻辑请求权限");
java.lang.String[] permission = new java.lang.String[2];
permission[0] = android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
permission[1] = android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
requestPermissions(permission, REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_10_TO_ANDROID_12);
}
}
}
} else {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号是介于6.0到9.0之间，仍然是可以从Environment类的getExternalStorageDirectory方法获取外部存储目录的，但是前提是要检查运行时权限");
int checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage = checkSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
if (checkSelfPermissionResultForWriteExternalStorage == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
java.io.File externalStorageDirectory = android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
android.util.Log.d("debug", "安卓系统是在6.0到9.0之间的，通过Environment类获取到外部存储目录->" + externalStorageDirectory.getPath());
try {
outputStream = new java.io.FileOutputStream(externalStorageDirectory.getPath() + java.io.File.separator + fileName);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
} else {
errorMessage = "需要授予权限";
java.lang.String[] permission = new java.lang.String[1];
permission[0] = android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
requestPermissions(permission, REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FOR_ANDROID_6_TO_ANDROID_9);
}
}
} else {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号小于6.0以下的版本，不需要检查运行时权限");
java.io.File externalStorageDirectory = android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
android.util.Log.d("debug", "直接通过Environment类的getExternalStorageDirectory()即可获取外部存储目录->" + externalStorageDirectory.getPath());
try {
outputStream = new java.io.FileOutputStream(externalStorageDirectory.getPath() + java.io.File.separator + fileName);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
}
if (outputStream != null) {
//file write
} else {
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, errorMessage, android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

第四步：权限请求回调函数
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_FOR_READ_MEDIA_IMAGES_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_13) {
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (permissions.length > 0) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "打印授予的权限->" + permissions[0]);
}
java.lang.String fileName = "buyup_导出资料_" + java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xls";
java.lang.String errorMessage = "";
java.io.OutputStream outputStream = null;
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号是大于等于安卓10.0以上的版本，说明是只能用媒介存储写入文件和读取文件");
android.net.Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
android.content.ContentValues contentValues = new android.content.ContentValues();
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "application/x-xls");
android.content.ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
android.net.Uri uriForInsertResult = contentResolver.insert(uri, contentValues);
try {
outputStream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uriForInsertResult);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
if (outputStream != null) {
//file write
} else {
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, errorMessage, android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else {
if (permissions.length > 0) {
java.lang.String permission0 = permissions[0];
android.util.Log.d("debug", "打印请求的权限->" + permission0);
}
android.util.Log.d("debug", "权限授予失败");
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, "权限授予失败", android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FOR_ANDROID_6_TO_ANDROID_9) {
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (permissions.length > 0) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "来自安卓6.0到安卓9.9之间的请求权限，打印授予的权限->" + permissions[0]);
}
java.lang.String fileName = "buyup_导出资料_" + java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xls";
java.lang.String errorMessage = "";
java.io.OutputStream outputStream = null;
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号是大于等于安卓6.0到安卓9.0之间的，通过用android.os.Environment类获取外部存储");
java.io.File externalStorageDirectory = android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
try {
outputStream = new java.io.FileOutputStream(externalStorageDirectory.getPath() + java.io.File.separator + fileName);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
if (outputStream != null) {
//file write
} else {
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, errorMessage, android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else {
if (permissions.length > 0) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "来自安卓6.0到安卓9.9之间的请求权限，打印拒绝的权限->" + permissions[0]);
}
android.util.Log.d("debug", "来自安卓6.0到安卓9.9之间的请求权限，权限授予失败");
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, "权限授予失败", android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_10_TO_ANDROID_12) {
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (permissions.length > 0) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "来自安卓10.0的版本，打印授予的权限->" + permissions[0]);
android.util.Log.d("debug", "来自安卓10.0的版本，打印授予的权限->" + permissions[1]);
}
java.lang.String fileName = "buyup_导出资料_" + java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xls";
java.lang.String errorMessage = "";
java.io.OutputStream outputStream = null;
android.net.Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
android.content.ContentValues contentValues = new android.content.ContentValues();
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "application/x-xls");
android.content.ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
android.net.Uri uriForInsertResult = contentResolver.insert(uri, contentValues);
try {
outputStream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uriForInsertResult);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
if (outputStream != null) {
//file write
} else {
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, errorMessage, android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else {
if (permissions.length > 0) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "来自安卓10.0的版本，打印拒绝的权限->" + permissions[0]);
android.util.Log.d("debug", "来自安卓10.0的版本，打印拒绝的权限->" + permissions[1]);
}
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, "权限授予失败", android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}

第五步：针对安卓11或者安卓12版本的请求权限方法
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_FOR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_FROM_ANDROID_10_TO_ANDROID_12) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "在安卓11或者安卓12系统中引导到系统设置界面开启权限回来");
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
if (android.os.Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
android.util.Log.d("debug", "已经授予外部存储写入权限");
java.io.OutputStream outputStream = null;
java.lang.String errorMessage = "";
java.lang.String fileName = "buyup_导出资料_" + java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xls";
android.util.Log.d("debug", "设备系统的版本号是介于10.0到12.0之间的，通过android.provider.MediaStore获取外部存储目录");
android.net.Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
android.content.ContentValues contentValues = new android.content.ContentValues();
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
contentValues.put(android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "application/x-xls");
android.content.ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
android.net.Uri uriForInsertResult = contentResolver.insert(uri, contentValues);
try {
outputStream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uriForInsertResult);
} catch (java.io.IOException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
errorMessage = ioException.getMessage();
}
if (outputStream != null) {
//file write
} else {
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, errorMessage, android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else {
android.widget.Toast.makeText(this, "需要授予权限才能导出文件!", android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
}