2012-7-12傻可樂《新概念二笔记》L…

Lesson 33  Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗

1、darkness    n.黑暗，模糊；无知；阴郁  

in the darkness    在黑暗中  (在没有光线的情况下)
反义词：brightness    n. [光][天] 亮度；聪明，活泼；鲜艳；愉快
Eg： Life is darkness save when there is urge.
生活黯淡无光，除非心怀希望
Life is darkness but if you have wish , the life will become brightness.
dark n. 黑暗；夜；黄昏；模糊  adj. 黑暗的，深色的；模糊的；无知的；忧郁的  ['dɑ:k]
Eg:   Everything has a dark side  每样东西都有它阴暗的一面
dark suit深色西服
dark expression 忧郁的表情
a dark sheep in his family 害群之马
An evil member of the herd

 

2、explain  v. 说明；解释 

Eg：Has anything ever happened to you that you cannot explain?有没有不能解释的事情呢
过去式： explained 过去分词： explained 现在分词： explaining 第三人称单数： explains
explain sth to sb向某人解释某物
explain that +从句
Eg：The manager explained to the customer why the goods were late.
Eg：Could you explain that question once again?
explanation n. 说明，解释；辩解  

当它做“解释”的时候表示不可数名词，当它做“解释的语言”或“事实情况”的时候作为可数名词。

 

3、interpret vi. 解释；翻译vt. 说明；口译  

interpret n 解释，（强调翻译）语言之间的解释

 

4、coast  n. 海岸；滑坡vt. 沿…岸航行vi. 滑行；沿岸航行

coast n 海岸,海滨（邻近海或洋的较宽阔或长得地域）
Eg： We live on the coast. 我们住在海滨
这些名词均含有“岸”之意。
bank 多指有一定坡度的河岸、湖岸或堤岸。
beach 指倾斜度小，被海、湖或河水冲刷而有沙或卵石积存的地方。
coast地理学上的名词，专指被视为边界的沿海陆地的尽头。
shore指紧靠大湖泊或海洋的陆地边缘或靠海的休养地。
seaside尤指疗养地、游览地区的海边。

 

5、storm   n. 暴风雨；大动荡vt. 猛攻；怒骂vi. 起风暴；横冲直撞；狂怒咆哮  

暴风雨   rainstorm
暴雪     snowstorm
尘暴     duststorm
沙暴     sandstorm
雷雨     thunderstorm
群策群力 brainstorm = Work and pull together
Eg： After a storm comes a calm. 雨过天晴，否极泰来。
A storm in a teacup. 小事惹起的轩然大波。小题大做，大惊小怪。
（喝彩、责备等的）噪杂声，（抢弹的）纷飞，（感情的）激动……

 

6、towards   prep. 朝，向；对于；有助于

Eg：It is a giant step towards success. 这是迈向成功的一大步
向着…的目标；为了…的目的；有助于：
Eg：Steps towards peace 走向和平的步骤
(时间)将近；接近：
例句：towards midnight   将近午夜
短语:  go far towards      大大有助于…
These measures would go far towards solving the problem. 这些措施对解决这个问题会大有益处。

 

7、 rock   n. 岩石；摇滚乐；暗礁  vt. 摇动；使摇晃vi. 摇动；摇晃

Eg： I ducked when I saw the rock falling.我看到石头落下时，马上避开。
触礁 run up on the rocks
做动词 摇动，震动，晃动
Rock a baby to sleep
使某人震惊
The news of he got hurt rocked me.
摇滚
He is a guitarist in a rock band.
他在一个摇滚乐团做吉他手。

8、 light  n. 光，光亮；灯adj. 轻的；光亮的；

Eg：A smile is the light in your window that tells others that there is a caring, sharing person inside.
一个微笑是你窗户上的光芒，它告诉其他人在里面有一个富有同情心，可以分担的人。
指光源，尤指电灯的光
开灯turn on the light
关灯turn off the light
火柴，打火机  Can you give me a light?
Put a light to sth 点火
According to one’s light 根据自己的判断能力
bring sth to light 揭露
Eg： His scandal was brought to light.
In the light of   鉴于

9、ahead adj. 向前；在前的；领先  adv. 向前的；领先的
（空间性的）在前面 反义词是behind
The road ahead will be long to us  我们前面的路还很漫长。
Go ahead, make my day. 去吧，创造我们的时代。
时间性的预先，事前
事先考虑  think ahead
事先计划  plan ahead

10、 cliff   n. 悬崖；绝壁 

Eg：A stone tumbled down the cliff. 一块石头从悬崖上滚了下来同义词 Precipice 绝壁
Stand on the edge of a precipice 濒临危机

11、 struggle   n. 努力，奋斗；竞争vt. 使劲移动；尽力使得vi. 奋斗，努力；挣扎

Eg： Everyone. Need to live with struggle每个人，需要挣扎着拼命生存。
Life is not a tragedy but a struggle. 生活并不是一个悲剧。它是一个“搏斗
Struggle for sth 为……斗争
Eg： The struggle for existence today is more fierce than ever. 今天的生存斗争比以往任何时候都激烈
Struggle against sth  反对……而斗争
Eg： A strong man will struggle against the storms of fate. 强者能同命运的风暴抗争。

12、 hospital   n. 医院 

in hospital  住院
at hospital   在医院工作
in the hospital   在医院里面某处
at the hospital，在医院（不一定是里面某个地方）
in hospital和in the hospital的区别
in hospital的意思是“住院”。没有定冠词the的限制，hospital是一个抽象名词，所以in hospital整个短语的意思是相对宽泛含义的“住院”
而 in the hospital的意思则是“在医院”，可能是到医院工作，可能是看护病人，由于有了定冠词the的限制，the hospital成为了一个具体指某个地点的名词，所以in the hospital的是指在医院这个地方。

 

Lesson 33  Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗
Why was the girl in hospital?
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

New words and expressions 生词和短语
darkness n.黑暗
explain v. 解释，说明
coast n.海岸
storm n. 暴风雨
towards prep. 朝，向，接近
rock n.岩石
shore n.海岸
light n.灯光
ahead adv.在前面
cliff n.峭壁
struggle v.挣扎
hospital n. 医院
参考译文：
几乎过了一个星期,那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。一天下午,她开始乘坐小船从海岸和途中遭遇暴雨。傍晚,小船撞在了一块礁石上,姑娘跳进了海里。然后她游到岸边在海里游了整整一夜。在那段时间里,她游了8英里。第二天一大早,她看到前方有灯光。她知道自己已经接近岸边了,因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。到达岸边后,姑娘挣扎着上悬崖朝着她看到的灯光。她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时,发现自己躺在医院里。

 

课文解析：

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.
几乎过了一个星期,那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。
nearly    adv. 将近
nearly a week     快一个星期了
“一段时间以后”句型：
sometime later…
Three days later, my mother returned.    （强调某人做某事，简单句)
Three days passed and then my mother returned.　
并列句, 既强调某人做某事, 又强调时间(有多久)
…passed before…
Three days passed before my mother returned.
强调时间(这么久的时间, 时间状语从句, 后面是从句)
be able to    强调有能力, 且能够成功(还强调成功)；can 只表示能力
I can swim across the river.   我能游过这条河（但没有游过，不知道能不能成功）
I was able to swim across the river.

 

One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
一天下午,她开始乘坐小船从海岸和途中遭遇暴雨。
set out = set off = begin a journey  出发
set out from…       从……出发
be caught in + 灾难     （突然）遇到/上（风暴等）
be caught in a earthquake    (earthquake  n. 地震)
I was caught in a rain.    我遇上了一场雨
As soon as he left, it began to rain.
He was caught in a rain when he left.   他刚一离开, 就下雨了
遇上人用meet, 遇上灾难用be caught in…

 

 Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
傍晚,小船撞在了一块礁石上,姑娘跳进了海里
towards evening     天越来越晚
strike 强调的往往是猛烈的撞击

 

Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.
然后她游到岸边在海里游了整整一夜。在那段时间里,她游了8英里。
“to”强调朝那个方向去, 但没有强调越来越近；“towards”朝那个方向去，强调距离越来越近
cover可笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”，根据上下文可具体译为“走过、飞过、游过”等。
  The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
a distance of+具体长度      多长的距离，表示具体的距离
The red army covered a distance of 25000…     两万五千里长征

 

 Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.
第二天一大早,她看到前方有灯光。她知道自己已经接近岸边了,因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。
a light ahead     前方的一盏灯（ahead 放在被修饰词的后面）

On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.
到达岸边后, 姑娘挣扎着上悬崖朝着她看到的灯光。
“on +动名词”相当于一个由as soon as＝the moment或when引导的时间状语从句，as soon as＝the moment后面要加句子，on 后面一定要加动词ing, 承认动词是由主句主语做的
  On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.
“…up the cliff towards the…”用两个介词起到动词的作用，up在此处为介词，表示“沿着……往上”

 That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时,发现自己躺在医院里。
all作表语，是先行词, she remember 修饰 all 作定语从句, 省略 that
That was all I wanted to say.      那就是我想说的全部
That was all I can do for you.＝I can do nothing else for you.
find +宾语+宾补     发现……（宾补可以由形容词或介词短语充当）
find the books tidy      发现书摆放得整齐
I found the books in order.
When I woke up, I found myself in bed.