2012-6-15傻可樂《新概念二笔记》L…

Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车

New words and expressions 生词和短语
rare      adj. 罕见的
ancient  adj. 古代的，古老的
myth  n. 神话故事
trouble  n. 麻烦
effect  n. 结果，效果
Medusa  n. 美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一）
Gorgon  n. （古希腊神话中的）3位蛇发女怪这一

词汇讲解：

1、rare  [rεə]  adj. 罕见的；半熟的；稀薄的
这个单词是常用的adj
He is gifted with rare eloquence.  他天生具有罕见的口才
rare animal 稀有动物
rare bird 珍稀鸟类
rare illness 疑难杂症
rarely   ['rεəli]  adv.很少地；难得；罕见地
(not often)   we rarely meet 我们很少遇到
近义词scarce  [skεəs] 少有的 (在某一地方或某时间段少有). not enough ; hard to find
Smiles, unlike sandwiches, might be scarce in the snow this year
微笑，与三明治不同，在今年的雪景中或许很稀缺。
scarce 带有短缺的、不能满足需求的意思
rare 强调珍贵的，优秀的，稀薄的
空气稀薄一定要用 rare air thin air
steak 牛排   beefsteak  

well done       全熟
medium-well      (七分熟)
medium　　半生半熟的(五分熟)
medium-rare   (三分熟)
rare　　　   几乎是生的(一分熟)
raw                带血牛肉，鲜红的生肉状态
七分熟               Sette maturo
五分熟               Media rare
三分熟               Un terzo cotto
牛里脊  又叫菲力     Filetto di manzo
肋眼牛排             Bistecca con l'osso
西冷牛排即牛外脊     Bistecca di manzo
T骨牛排              Bistecca con l'osso

 

2、ancient  ['einʃənt] adj.古代的，古老的
[ 比较级more ancient 最高级most ancient ]
n. 古代人；老人 (a person who lived in ancient times)
(a very old person)
ancient Egypt  ['i:dʒipt] 古埃及   

Yes, the modern development is attractive, but I think what I like is the ancient aspect of Beijing.
是的，北京的现代发展很吸引人，但是我认为我喜欢的是北京古老的一面。
anciently adv.以往，古代地
antique [æn'ti:k]  adj 古董，古老而有价值的

 

3、myth   [miθ]  n. 神话故事 = fairy tale
fairy 仙女，小精灵

 

4、trouble  ['trʌbl]  n. 麻烦
troublemaker 捣乱者，惹事者
Eg:Never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you.永远不要自寻烦恼(vt/n)
No trouble at all.一点都不麻烦。(口语)
Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦。
狗躺着吧，不要惹他，小心咬你
lie 在这里是vt 平躺
Look for trouble 自找麻烦，自找苦吃，自讨苦吃
He is looking trouble他正在自讨苦吃
I'm sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉给你带来麻烦（口语地道的用法）
have trouble in doing sth = have difficulty (in) doing sth
Eg：I have trouble (in) parking the car.
    I have a lot of trouble parking the car.

 

5、Medusa  [mi'dju:zə]  n. 美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪之一）
Dota = Defence Of The Ancients
Dota里面就有个角色叫Medusa

6、effect  [i'fekt] n. 结果，效果
have an effect 有效果
have no effect 没有效果
have effect on 对...有效果
Eg：The advice has no effect on me.这个建议对我没有用
effect             n.结果，效果  v.产生，达到目的
effective          adj. 有效的，起作用的，实际的
effectively        adv. 有效地，实际上
effectiveness    n.效力
effector             n. [生理] 效应器；[遗] 效应物；操纵装置

7、Gorgon   ['ɡɔ:ɡən] n. （古希腊神话中的）3位蛇发女怪这一（凡见其貌者都会变成石头）

Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车

 

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题.
What is Jasper White’s problem?
原文
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!

课文讲解：

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
 贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一
one of +ns/代名词……的其中之一 (做主语谓语动词用单数)
One of your friends is calling you now 你的一个朋友正在叫你。
　课文中who代指的是one of those rare people，所以动词用believes
For the next week, this would be one of the major events of each day.在接下来的一星期中，这样的活动是每天主要的事情之一。

those rare people who……
who关系代词  承上启下的作用
关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性（defining）关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性（non-defining）关系从句（带逗号）。我们在这里只讨论限定性关系从句。
1. 关系代词：主要有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，它们在句子中可用作主语（如that, which, who等）、宾语（如that, which, whom等）和定语（如which, whose）
2. 关系副词：主要有where, when, why等，它们在句子中主要用作状语
关系代词后面要加从句
先行词是主句和从句共同有的一个词
eg:I have a book that/which he likes.
关系代词有两个功能：一是承上，一是启下
The boy is my brother.
The boy is standing at the door.
The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
This is the photo (that/which) I took.这是我拍的照片。（the photo为took的宾语，that/which代替the photo，可省略）
The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。（who／whom为served的宾语，可省略）
The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.接待我的是站在柜台后面的那位女士。（who为关系从句的主语，不可省）
I bought the books which are on the counter.我买的就是柜台上的那些书。（which为关系从句的主语，不可省）
The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.有个儿子一周前从家里逃走的那位百万富翁不是个慈父。（whose在关系从句中作定语，不可省）
The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.接待我们的是站在柜台后面的那几位姑娘。（who代替复数名词the girls，形式不变）

believe in 信任；信仰
believe/believe in/trust/have confidence in /reliance/dependence
动词believe的含义为"相信"、"认为"：
Do you believe that cats eat grass?你相信猫吃草吗？
Are they at home?他们在家吗？
I believe so.我认为在。
believe in 可以表示"信仰"、"相信……的存在"、"相信……的价值"
I believe in God.我信仰上帝。
He believes in ancient myths.他相信古代神话。
这个短语还可以表示 "信赖（人格、力量等）"：
I've never believed in John.我从没有信赖过约翰。
试比较：
I believe him.我相信他（的话）。（=I believe his words.）

he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.
他刚在城里买下一所新房子，但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦
ever since = since (但是比since的语气要强) 此后一直；从那时侯起一直  主句一般用完成时；
造一个句子：自上次写信以后， 我没有接到过他的信。
Eg：I have not heard from him since writing last time.

have trouble (in)doing 做...有麻烦
have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦
I have trouble with my roommate.

When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.
当他夜里回到家时，总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外
at night　在晚上
evenings    adv. 在（任何）晚上；每晚
He sang well,too,and I sometimes sang with him in the evenings.
他歌也唱得好，在晚上，有时我们一起唱歌。
in the evening   在晚上
in the morning  在早晨
in the afternoon 在下午
park a car 停车
Can I park here?我能在此停车吗？

Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.   
正因为此,他还没能把自己的车开进车库哪怕只有一次。
because of  adv. 由于,因为
because of   是介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词或代词。它既可以位于句首，也可以位于句子中间：
Because of the rain, we have to stay at home.因为下雨，我们不得不呆在家里。
Because of you, we have to put the meeting off.因为你的缘故，我们已把会议推迟了。
He came back early because of the rain.由于下雨，所以他回来得早。
He is absent today because of his father's illness.由于他父亲的病，他今天缺席。
because只能作连词用，后面接从句：
You can't remember his name, because you aren't really thinking.你想不起他的名字是因为你没有真正努力去想。
I want to go home now, because I'm tired.现在我想回家，因为我累了。
关于由于的词：due to/owing to/thanks to/as a result of /on account of/in conquence/out of

be able to 的主语一般都是人，表示有能力去做
be not able to 未能干……
be only able to 只能够干……
与can 的区别：
can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。
What can I do for you?我能帮你什么忙吗?
You can divide this between you.这个你们可以两人平分。
将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to：
He has never been able to get his own car into his garage.他从来都没能把自己的车开进车库。（现在完成时）
I'll be able to pass my driving test after I've had a few lessons.我上几次课后就能通过驾驶考试。（一般将来时）
get his own car into his garage……
get sth into 把...弄进
get sth into shape使…有条理
get into sth对某事感兴趣
get his car into his garage.把他的车开在车库
I drove the car into the wall.
I drove the car into the tree.
drive the car into  把车子撞上某地
get sth into 把...弄进
even once 甚至一次
I fall in love with a boy but I have never kiss her even once.

 

 Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.
贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外,但这没产生什么效果。
put up 挂起，竖起   hang
Putting up this picture on the wall 在墙上贴画
Hanging this picture on the wall

    'What are you doing?' she asked.
    'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you like it?'
not any = no   
effect on 对……的作用
main effect 主效应
negative effect 负面的效应
positive effect 积极的效果
in effect生效，实际上

 

Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边，这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。
over  adv. 结束；越过；从头到尾   prep. 越过；在…之上；遍于…之上    adj. 结束的；上面的    vt. 越过
above 在……上面；在……之上(只要在上面，无论是斜的还是垂直的)
There is a fly above our table.
on    接触在上面
over 悬挂在上面
There is a bridge over the river
This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.这是我听过的最可怕的消息。

I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon.
我问他那是什么,他告诉我,这蛇发女怪美杜莎。

 

 jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头。但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢！
she指的是蛇发女怪美杜莎。根据希腊神话，凡看她一眼的人都会变成石头。
turn 在这儿的意思是"把……变成"，是及物动词：
The bad news turned his hair white. 坏消息使他的头发变白了。
关于turn的词组：

in turn 轮流，依次
turn off 关掉；拐弯
turn into v. 变成；进入
turn on 打开，发动
turn out 生产；结果是；关掉；出动；驱逐
turn over 移交给；翻阅；把…翻过来；发动；营业额达到；反复考虑
turn left v. 向左转
turn right v. 向右转
turn around 船只留港
turn in 交上；归还；拐入；告发；[口]上床睡觉
turn back 往回走；阻挡；翻回到
turn up 出现；发生；开大；发现；卷起；使仰卧
turn out to be 结果是；原来是
turn down 拒绝；向下转折
turn from 对…感到厌恶
your turn 轮到你；该你了
turn away 避开；解雇；不准…入内；走开；转过脸
turn round 转身，转向；归航；回车道；转变
turn of the century 世纪之交；19世纪与20世纪转换交替时期；19世纪末20世纪初
none of……（三个或以上）都不；没有一个(作主语谓语动词用单数)
None of  your business不管你的事
None of us are royalty, but we do have choices.
我们都不是皇室成员，但是我们拥有选