SAP自建表日志

Yisoon

已于 2023-08-08 17:07:30 修改

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分类专栏： ABAP 文章标签： SAP 自建表日志自建表记录日志 SAP日志记录

于 2023-08-02 20:05:16 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/HAND_YS/article/details/131961185

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本文介绍了四种SAP自建表日志记录方法。一是在表里加日志记录字段，简单易用但查询受限；二是表技术设置日志数据更改，记录完整但数据量大；三是SCDO文档对象，字段日志详细但使用麻烦；四是SE16N表数据更改日志，简单且记录历史数据，但权限需控制。

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1.在表里加上日志记录字段

如下所示，在表里新增一个结构，记录创建和修改日志

1.1 加入日志结构

在这里插入图片描述

1.2 在代码中调用记录日志通用函数

在代码中调用以下通用函数记录日志：
FUNCTION zbcfm_fill_log2.
*“----------------------------------------------------------------------
"“本地接口：
*” IMPORTING
*” VALUE(IV_UPDKZ) OPTIONAL
*" CHANGING
*" REFERENCE(CS_DATA)
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------

FIELD-SYMBOLS:<fs_f> TYPE any.
DATA:lv_updkz TYPE c.
DATA:lt_callstack TYPE abap_callstack.
DATA:lv_repid TYPE char100.

"如果判断是自定义程序调用（函数除外)，如果是则取SY-CPROG
"不是则判断是函数调用还是report调用
IF sy-cprog+0(1) = ‘Z’.
lv_repid = sy-cprog.
ELSE.
"获取调用程序名称
CALL FUNCTION ‘SYSTEM_CALLSTACK’
IMPORTING
callstack = lt_callstack.

READ TABLE lt_callstack TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS WITH KEY flag_system = ‘X’ .
IF sy-subrc = 0.
"函数调用
lv_repid = VALUE #( lt_callstack[ 2 ]-blockname OPTIONAL ).
ELSE.
"report调用
lv_repid = VALUE #( lt_callstack[ 2 ]-mainprogram OPTIONAL ).
ENDIF.
ENDIF.

IF lv_repid IS INITIAL.
lv_repid = sy-repid.
ENDIF.

IF iv_updkz IS INITIAL.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘CRDAT’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF <fs_f> IS ASSIGNED.
IF <fs_f> = ‘00000000’.
lv_updkz = ‘I’.
ELSE.
lv_updkz = ‘U’.
ENDIF.
UNASSIGN:<fs_f>.
ENDIF.
ELSE.
lv_updkz = iv_updkz.
ENDIF.

CASE lv_updkz.
WHEN ‘I’."插入
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘CRDAT’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-datum.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘CRTIM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-uzeit.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘CRNAM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-uname.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘CRPGM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = lv_repid.
ENDIF.
WHEN ‘U’."更新
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘UPDAT’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-datum.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘UPTIM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-uzeit.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘UPNAM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-uname.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘LCDAT’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-datum.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘LCTIM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-uzeit.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘LCNAM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = sy-uname.
ENDIF.
ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘LCPGM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO <fs_f>.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
<fs_f> = lv_repid.
ENDIF.
ENDCASE.

ASSIGN COMPONENT ‘UPPGM’ OF STRUCTURE cs_data TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_uppgm>).
IF <fs_uppgm> IS ASSIGNED.
<fs_uppgm> = lv_repid."sy-tcode.
ENDIF.

ENDFUNCTION.

1.3 在SM30里面记录日志

可参考本人这篇博文，地址：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/HAND_YS/article/details/130338370?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

1.4 缺点

此种方式只能查询修改与创建日期、时间、账号，无法查询哪些字段被修改。同时数据删除将没有日志。

1.5 优点

简单易用

2.表技术设置-日志数据更改

此种方式是基于表的日志，只要表里任何一个字段有修改，或者整条记录的删除、新增都会有对应的一条完整的记录，而不是多个字段修改多条记录

2.1 RZ10或者RZ11修改系统参数

TCODE：RZ10/RZ11
修改参数
rec/client = 300 （代表指定client要启用日志记录）
rec/client = all （代表所有客户端启用）
rec/client = off (不启用日志)
RZ10需要重启系统才能生效，且永久生效
RZ11当即生效，但是下次重启系统该参数将不会生效

2.2 设置表的属性

注意交付类为C，不能为A
在这里插入图片描述
点击技术设置

勾选“日志更改”

2.3 查询日志

无论是通过SM30手工前台维护，还是自定义代码进行增删改，均会记录日志到表DBTABLOG。
使用事务代码SCU3查询日志
在这里插入图片描述
还有一种方式通过SM30界面查询日志

日志效果如下
在这里插入图片描述

2.4 缺点

记录日志数据量会很大

2.5 优点

相比按照字段级别的日志数据量会少一些。假如修改数据，会有新数据和旧数据的对比。删除数据，也能看到操作记录

3 SCDO文档对象

此种方式是基于字段级别的日志，每个字段修改均会有一条记录

3.1 勾选相应字段-数据元素-更改文档

以下2个字段启用日志
在这里插入图片描述

3.2 SCDO创建对象，生成日志函数

事务代码SCDO
在这里插入图片描述
输入文本、表名，按照情况勾选表名后的选项，比如“内部表”选项：当勾选上则每次处理多条数据，生成的日志函数里包含CHANGEDOCUMENT_MULTIPLE_CASE子函数。不勾上则处理单条数据，生成的日志函数里包含CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE的子函数。本例处理单条数据，则不勾选“内部表”
在这里插入图片描述

输入函数组名称（不需要事先创建）

此时会出现需要创建的清单，最后点击激活按钮

激活成功，即日志相应的对象已经生成

3.3 调用日志函数

3.3.1 表格维护生成器调用日志函数

在这里插入图片描述
以下代码为固定代码（如果SCDO维护时表后面的选项改变了，则需要调整以下代码，一般保持空选项即可），直接复制过去即可。以下代码会引用日志对象的2个INCLUDE文件，调用系统自动生成的FORM记录日志。
----------------------------------------------------------------------
***INCLUDE LZZTEST002F01.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
*& Form BEFORE_SAVE
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
& text
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
& --> p1 text
& <-- p2 text
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
FORM before_save .
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_tcdrp,
object TYPE cdobjectcl,
reportname TYPE cdreport,
END OF ty_tcdrp,
BEGIN OF ty_view_tab,
object TYPE cdobjectcl,
tabname TYPE cdtabname,
END OF ty_view_tab.
DATA: lt_ptab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF string,
lv_prog TYPE string,
lv_mess TYPE string,
lv_sid TYPE string,
lt_obj TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_view_tab,
lt_tcdrp TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_tcdrp,
lv_fugn TYPE funct_pool,
lv_table TYPE cdtabname,
lv_namesfunc TYPE namespace,
lv_funcgroup TYPE progname,
lv_namesprog TYPE namespace,
lv_program TYPE progname,
lrt_tabname TYPE RANGE OF tabname,
lt_dd26v TYPE TABLE OF dd26v,
lv_object TYPE cdobjectcl.
" Get tabnames
" DD: Interface for reading a view from the ABAP/4 Dictionary
CALL FUNCTION ‘DDIF_VIEW_GET’
EXPORTING
name = vim_view_name
TABLES
dd26v_tab = lt_dd26v
EXCEPTIONS
illegal_input = 1
OTHERS = 2.
IF sy-subrc IS NOT INITIAL.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
IF lt_dd26v IS INITIAL.
APPEND INITIAL LINE TO lrt_tabname ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<lrs_tabname>).
<lrs_tabname>-sign = ‘I’.
<lrs_tabname>-option = ‘EQ’.
<lrs_tabname>-low = vim_view_name.
ELSE.
SORT lt_dd26v BY tabname.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM lt_dd26v COMPARING tabname.
"-
LOOP AT lt_dd26v INTO DATA(ls_dd26v).
APPEND INITIAL LINE TO lrt_tabname ASSIGNING <lrs_tabname>.
<lrs_tabname>-sign = ‘I’.
<lrs_tabname>-option = ‘EQ’.
<lrs_tabname>-low = ls_dd26v-tabname.
ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.
" Objects for change document creation
SELECT object tabname
FROM tcdob
INTO TABLE lt_obj
WHERE tabname IN lrt_tabname
##WARN_OK.
IF sy-subrc IS NOT INITIAL.
" No change document objects found
MESSAGE i899(cd).
RETURN.
ENDIF.
" Information on Include Reports Generated by RSSCD000
SELECT object reportname
FROM tcdrp
INTO TABLE lt_tcdrp
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN lt_obj
WHERE object EQ lt_obj-object
##WARN_OK.
IF sy-subrc IS NOT INITIAL.
" Update program does not yet exist
MESSAGE i446(m2).
RETURN.
ENDIF.
" View Directory
SELECT SINGLE area
FROM tvdir
INTO lv_fugn
WHERE tabname EQ vim_view_name.
"-
LOOP AT lt_obj ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_obj>).
READ TABLE lt_tcdrp ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_tcdrp>)
WITH KEY object = <ls_obj>-object.
IF sy-subrc IS NOT INITIAL.
CONTINUE.
ENDIF.
" Split namespace
CLEAR: lv_namesprog, lv_program.
lv_program = <ls_tcdrp>-reportname.
CALL FUNCTION ‘RS_NAME_SPLIT_NAMESPACE’
EXPORTING
name_with_namespace = lv_program
IMPORTING
namespace = lv_namesprog
name_without_namespace = lv_program
EXCEPTIONS
delimiter_error = 1
OTHERS = 2.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
lv_program = <ls_tcdrp>-reportname.
ENDIF.
CLEAR: lv_namesfunc, lv_funcgroup.
lv_funcgroup = lv_fugn.
CALL FUNCTION ‘RS_NAME_SPLIT_NAMESPACE’
EXPORTING
name_with_namespace = lv_funcgroup
IMPORTING
namespace = lv_namesfunc
name_without_namespace = lv_funcgroup
EXCEPTIONS
delimiter_error = 1
OTHERS = 2.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
lv_funcgroup = lv_fugn.
ENDIF.
" Namespace conversion
lv_object = <ls_obj>-object.
IF lv_object(1) = ‘/’.
SHIFT lv_object LEFT DELETING LEADING ‘/’.
REPLACE FIRST OCCURRENCE OF ‘/’ IN lv_object WITH ‘'.
ENDIF.
lv_table = <ls_obj>-tabname.
IF lv_table(1) = ‘/’.
SHIFT lv_table LEFT DELETING LEADING ‘/’.
REPLACE FIRST OCCURRENCE OF ‘/’ IN lv_table WITH '’.
ENDIF.
" Subroutine pool
APPEND ##NO_TEXT:
PROGRAM SUBPOOL. TO lt_ptab,
INCLUDE && lv_namesprog && F && lv_program && CDT. TO lt_ptab,
INCLUDE && lv_namesprog && F && lv_program && CDC. TO lt_ptab,
FORM frm_process. TO lt_ptab,
TYPES: BEGIN OF total. TO lt_ptab,
INCLUDE STRUCTURE && vim_view_name && . TO lt_ptab,
INCLUDE STRUCTURE vimflagtab. TO lt_ptab,
TYPES: END OF total. TO lt_ptab,
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs_total> TYPE ANY TABLE, TO lt_ptab,
<fs_total_wa> TYPE total, TO lt_ptab,
<fs_x_namtab> TYPE ANY TABLE, TO lt_ptab,
<fs_x_namtab_wa> TYPE vimnamtab, TO lt_ptab,
<fs_field> TYPE any. TO lt_ptab,
DATA: lv_tabname(40) TYPE c VALUE '( && lv_namesfunc && SAPL && lv_funcgroup && )TOTAL[]', TO lt_ptab,
lv_cond_line TYPE string, TO lt_ptab,
lv_cond_line2 TYPE string. TO lt_ptab,
ASSIGN (lv_tabname) TO <fs_total>. TO lt_ptab,
LOOP AT <fs_total> ASSIGNING <fs_total_wa> CASTING. TO lt_ptab,
CASE <fs_total_wa>-action. TO lt_ptab,
WHEN 'U'. " Update TO lt_ptab,
lv_tabname = '( && lv_namesfunc && SAPL && lv_funcgroup && )X_NAMTAB[]'. TO lt_ptab,
ASSIGN (lv_tabname) TO <fs_x_namtab>. TO lt_ptab,
lv_cond_line2 = |keyflag EQ 'X' AND viewfield NE 'MANDT'|. TO lt_ptab,
LOOP AT <fs_x_namtab> ASSIGNING <fs_x_namtab_wa> WHERE (lv_cond_line2). TO lt_ptab,
ASSIGN COMPONENT <fs_x_namtab_wa>-viewfield OF STRUCTURE <fs_total_wa> TO <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL. TO lt_ptab,
lv_cond_line = lv_cond_line && |AND | && TO lt_ptab,
<fs_x_namtab_wa>-viewfield && | EQ '| && <fs_field> && |' |. TO lt_ptab,
objectid = objectid && <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
UNASSIGN <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
ENDIF. TO lt_ptab,
ENDLOOP. TO lt_ptab,
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL. TO lt_ptab,
SHIFT lv_cond_line LEFT BY 3 PLACES. TO lt_ptab,
SELECT SINGLE * TO lt_ptab,
FROM && <ls_obj>-tabname TO lt_ptab,
INTO * && <ls_obj>-tabname TO lt_ptab,
WHERE (lv_cond_line). TO lt_ptab,
MOVE-CORRESPONDING <fs_total_wa> TO && <ls_obj>-tabname && . TO lt_ptab,
objectid = objectid. TO lt_ptab,
tcode = sy-tcode. TO lt_ptab,
udate = sy-datum. TO lt_ptab,
utime = sy-uzeit. TO lt_ptab,
username = sy-uname. TO lt_ptab,
cdoc_upd_object = 'U'. TO lt_ptab,
upd_ && lv_table && = 'U'. TO lt_ptab,
PERFORM cd_call_ && lv_object && . TO lt_ptab,
ENDIF. TO lt_ptab,
WHEN 'N'. " New TO lt_ptab,
lv_tabname = '( && lv_namesfunc && SAPL && lv_funcgroup && )X_NAMTAB[]'. TO lt_ptab,
ASSIGN (lv_tabname) TO <fs_x_namtab>. TO lt_ptab,
lv_cond_line2 = |keyflag EQ 'X' AND viewfield NE 'MANDT'|. TO lt_ptab,
LOOP AT <fs_x_namtab> ASSIGNING <fs_x_namtab_wa> WHERE (lv_cond_line2). TO lt_ptab,
ASSIGN COMPONENT <fs_x_namtab_wa>-viewfield OF STRUCTURE <fs_total_wa> TO <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL. TO lt_ptab,
objectid = objectid && <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
UNASSIGN <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
ENDIF. TO lt_ptab,
ENDLOOP. TO lt_ptab,
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL. TO lt_ptab,
MOVE-CORRESPONDING <fs_total_wa> TO && <ls_obj>-tabname && . TO lt_ptab,
objectid = objectid. TO lt_ptab,
tcode = sy-tcode. TO lt_ptab,
udate = sy-datum. TO lt_ptab,
utime = sy-uzeit. TO lt_ptab,
username = sy-uname. TO lt_ptab,
cdoc_upd_object = 'I'. TO lt_ptab,
upd_ && lv_table && = 'I'. TO lt_ptab,
PERFORM cd_call_ && lv_object && . TO lt_ptab,
ENDIF. TO lt_ptab,
WHEN 'D'. " Delete TO lt_ptab,
lv_tabname = '( && lv_namesfunc && SAPL && lv_funcgroup && )X_NAMTAB[]'. TO lt_ptab,
ASSIGN (lv_tabname) TO <fs_x_namtab>. TO lt_ptab,
lv_cond_line2 = |keyflag EQ 'X' AND viewfield NE 'MANDT'|. TO lt_ptab,
LOOP AT <fs_x_namtab> ASSIGNING <fs_x_namtab_wa> WHERE (lv_cond_line2). TO lt_ptab,
ASSIGN COMPONENT <fs_x_namtab_wa>-viewfield OF STRUCTURE <fs_total_wa> TO <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL. TO lt_ptab,
objectid = objectid && <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
UNASSIGN <fs_field>. TO lt_ptab,
ENDIF. TO lt_ptab,
ENDLOOP. TO lt_ptab,
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL. TO lt_ptab,
MOVE-CORRESPONDING <fs_total_wa> TO * && <ls_obj>-tabname && . TO lt_ptab,
objectid = objectid. TO lt_ptab,
tcode = sy-tcode. TO lt_ptab,
udate = sy-datum. TO lt_ptab,
utime = sy-uzeit. TO lt_ptab,
username = sy-uname. TO lt_ptab,
cdoc_upd_object = 'D'. TO lt_ptab,
upd_ && lv_table && = 'D'. TO lt_ptab,
PERFORM cd_call_ && lv_object && . TO lt_ptab,
ENDIF. TO lt_ptab,
ENDCASE. TO lt_ptab,
CLEAR: lv_cond_line, lv_cond_line2, objectid, && <ls_obj>-tabname && , * && <ls_obj>-tabname && . TO lt_ptab,
ENDLOOP. TO lt_ptab,
ENDFORM. TO lt_ptab.
"-
GENERATE SUBROUTINE POOL lt_ptab NAME lv_prog
MESSAGE lv_mess
SHORTDUMP-ID lv_sid.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
PERFORM (‘FRM_PROCESS’) IN PROGRAM (lv_prog) IF FOUND.
ELSEIF sy-subrc = 4.
MESSAGE lv_mess TYPE ‘I’.
ELSEIF sy-subrc = 8.
MESSAGE lv_sid TYPE ‘I’.
ENDIF.
CLEAR: lt_ptab.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
*& Form AFTER_SAVE
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
*& text
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
*& --> p1 text
*& <-- p2 text
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
FORM after_save .
COMMIT WORK AND WAIT.
ENDFORM.

3.3.2 非维护程序中调用日志函数

本例展示在REPORT程序中调用标准日志函数，实现修改、新增、删除的日志
代码如下：
&--------------------------------------------------------------------

Program Name : *
Program Title : *
Application : 　 *
Description : *
Func Spec ID : *
Requested by : *
Author : *
Req Date : *

MODIFICATIONS (latest entry at the top) *
------------------------------------------------------------------- *
DATE NAME (COMPANY) DESCRIPTION TASK-NO *
---- ---- --------- ----------- ------- *

&--------------------------------------------------------------------

REPORT zys012 .

INCLUDE fzztest002_scdocdt.
INCLUDE fzztest002_scdocdc.

START-OF-SELECTION.

SELECT * FROM zztest002 INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_zztest002).

"修改数据
LOOP AT lt_zztest002 INTO DATA(ls_zztest002).
CLEAR:*zztest002,zztest002.
"旧数据
MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_zztest002 TO *zztest002.
"新数据
MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_zztest002 TO zztest002.
zztest002-text1_zztest002 = ‘118’.
zztest002-text2_zztest002 = ‘118’.
objectid = ls_zztest002-num.
PERFORM frm_call_zztest002_scdo USING ‘U’.
MODIFY zztest002 FROM zztest002.

ENDLOOP.

"新增数据
CLEAR:*zztest002,zztest002.
"新数据
zztest002-num = ‘29’.
zztest002-text1_zztest002 = ‘800’.
zztest002-text2_zztest002 = ‘801’.
objectid = zztest002-num.
PERFORM frm_call_zztest002_scdo USING ‘I’.

MODIFY zztest002 FROM zztest002.

"删除数据
CLEAR:*zztest002,zztest002.
"旧数据
*zztest002-num = ‘26’.
objectid = *zztest002-num.
PERFORM frm_call_zztest002_scdo USING ‘D’.

DELETE FROM zztest002 WHERE num = ‘26’…

&---------------------------------------------------------------------
*& Form frm_call_zztest002_scdo
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
*& text
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
*& --> LS_OLD_DATA
*& --> LS_NEW_DATA
*& --> P_
&---------------------------------------------------------------------
FORM frm_call_zztest002_scdo USING fu_flag TYPE cdpos-chngind.

cdoc_upd_object = fu_flag.
upd_zztest002 = fu_flag.
tcode = sy-tcode.
udate = sy-datum.
utime = sy-uzeit.
username = sy-uname.

PERFORM cd_call_zztest002_scdo.

COMMIT WORK AND WAIT.

ENDFORM.