Ubuntu 16.04升级内核到20.04

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-19 10:07:09 发布

金陵张大炮

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-19 10:07:09 发布

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分类专栏： ubuntu 文章标签： ubuntu linux 服务器

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Grekit_Sun/article/details/124826853

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这篇博客详细介绍了如何逐步将Ubuntu系统从16.04升级到18.04，再升级到20.04。过程中涉及更换软件源、执行更新和升级命令，以及解决可能出现的错误，如权限问题和模块缺失。还提供了针对特定错误的解决方法，包括修改Python版本和恢复系统文件。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

一、首先需要从16.04 → 18.04

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list ~/
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list ~/

1. 改变源（粘贴下面这一段到终端并运行）

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main universe multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main universe multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main universe multiverse restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main universe multiverse restricted
EOF

2. 依次执行以下语句

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main universe multiverse restricted"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main universe multiverse restricted"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main universe multiverse restricted"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main universe multiverse restricted"

3. 执行升级

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-advantage-tools --autoremove
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-esm-infra.list
sudo do-release-upgrade

二、18.04 → 20.04

基本一样的步骤,但是必须要先升级到18.04：

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list ~/
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list ~/

1. 改变源（粘贴下面这一段到终端并运行）

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main universe multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main universe multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main universe multiverse restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main universe multiverse restricted
EOF

2. 依次执行以下语句

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main universe multiverse restricted"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main universe multiverse restricted"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main universe multiverse restricted"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main universe multiverse restricted"

3. 执行升级

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-advantage-tools --autoremove
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-esm-infra.list
sudo do-release-upgrade

Q&A

1. sudo apt-get update 报错

E: 无法下载 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-security/universe/dep11/Components-amd64.yml 无法打开文件 /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_xenial-security_universe_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.xz - open (13: 权限不够) [IP: 185.125.190.39 80]
E: 部分索引文件下载失败。如果忽略它们，那将转而使用旧的索引文件。

解决：到这个目录下删掉这个就行；（我是备份了一下，以防有用）

2. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘softwareproperties’

解决：依次执行以下操作：

sudo vi /usr/bin/add-apt-repository
#!/usr/bin/python3修改为#!/usr/bin/python3.5即可。

3. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘lsb_release’

解决：依次执行以下操作：

sudo vi /usr/bin/lsb_release
 更改：#!/usr/bin/python3.5m -Es

4. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘DistUpgrade’

解决：依次执行以下命令：

head -n1 /usr/bin/do-release-upgrade  #找到指向的python
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python3 # 上面找到的python链接
ln -s /usr/bin/python3.5 /usr/bin/python3 # 用原始链接替换

目前遇到的问题就这些，欢迎在评论区补充~