【Java】枚举类

枚举类的使用

• 枚举类的理解：类的对象只有有限个，确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
• 当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类
• 如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。

如何定义枚举类

方式一：jdk5.0之前，自定义枚举类

//自定义枚举类
class Season{
//1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;

class Season{
    //1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final的
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //4.其他诉求1：提供toString()
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

方式二：jdk5.0，可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类

使用 enum 定义的枚举类默认继承了 java.lang.Enum类，因此不能再继承其他类

枚举类的构造器只能使用 private 权限修饰符

枚举类的所有实例必须在枚举类中显式列出(, 用于分隔 ; 用于结尾)。列出的实例系统会自动添加 public static final 修饰

必须在枚举类的第一行声明枚举类对象

enum Season1 implements Info{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值

    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
//    //4.其他诉求1：提供toString()
//
//    @Override
//    public String toString() {
//        return "Season1{" +
//                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
//                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
//                '}';
//    }

}

Enum类的主要方法

toString()

返回枚举类对象的名称

values()

返回所有的枚举类对象构成的数组

Season1[] values = Season1.values();
        for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }

valueOf(String objName)

返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象

 Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
        //如果没有objName的枚举类对象，则抛异常：IllegalArgumentException
//        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1");
        System.out.println(winter);

使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况

情况一：实现接口，在enum类中实现抽象方法

interface Info{
    void show();
}
enum Season1 implements Info{
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
      System.out.println("这是一个季节");  
    }
}

情况二：让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法

interface Info{
    void show();
}
enum Season1 implements Info{
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天在哪里？");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("宁夏");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天不回来");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("大约在冬季");
        }
    };

    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }


    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
    }
}

可以对每一个枚举类的对象实现该接口，这样调用不同的对象，结果也就不一样。