calabash-android 命令行使用

http://www.2cto.com/kf/201409/332196.html

本文介绍calabash-android的命令行的使用，通过例子，熟悉calabash-android所调用的ruby api和常用控制台命令, 如query, touch, wait等。,。熟悉这些API有助于我们编写自定义feature。

第一步：下载app

本文所用的测试app为黑客头条，点此下载。app中view的元素如下图所示：

第二步：打开命令行，进入app的下载目录，输入如下命令

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1	calabash-android console HackerNews.apk

如果一切运行正常，则会进入calabash命令行，同时可以看到提示符变为：irb(main):001:0>此时可在命令行里输入如下命令

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irb(main): 001 : 0 > reinstall_apps irb(main): 002 : 0 > start_test_server_in_background    第一条命令用来安装被测试app和test_server， 第二天命令启动test_server,此时可以进入到程序的主界面。

每个Android应用程序都是有一系列的View组成.Button, ImageView, chekbox都是屏幕上的View。每个View都有对应的类型，程序界面可以看做是View的集合。

Query的用法

query(uiquery, *args)

此函数返会一个数组，每一个数组项包含View的信息，如id,坐标,类型。在命令行中输入

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1	irb(main): 003 : 0 > query( "ActionBarButton" )

由于在ControllerBar中有两个ActionBarButton,故输出结果如下所示：

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[      [ 0 ] {                          "id" => nil,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.actionbar.ActionBarBut ton",                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 98 ,              "center_x" => 480 ,                "height" => 96 ,                     "y" => 50 ,                 "width" => 96 ,                     "x" => 432          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "ActionBarButton: \"推广\""      },      [ 1 ] {                          "id" => nil,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.actionbar.ActionBarBut ton",                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 98 ,              "center_x" => 576 ,                "height" => 96 ,                     "y" => 50 ,                 "width" => 96 ,                     "x" => 528          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "ActionBarButton: \"刷新内容\""      } ]

由于返回的结果是个ruby array,我们可以使用array的方法，如获取size

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1	irb(main): 004 : 0 > query( "ActionBarButton" ).size

返回的结果是2

查询keys

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irb(main): 013 : 0 > query( "ImageView" ).first.keys [      [ 0 ] "id" ,      [ 1 ] "enabled" ,      [ 2 ] "contentDescription" ,      [ 3 ] "class" ,      [ 4 ] "rect" ,      [ 5 ] "tag" ,      [ 6 ] "description" ]

index

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1	query( "*" )[ 0 ]

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1	query( "* index:0" )

query中的参数可以是通配符，如输入

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1	irb(main): 006 : 0 > query( "*" )

返回屏幕中的所有元素

通过类名来过滤元素

简单类名 

之前查询元素的方法是通过简单类名，且大小写不敏感。如

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irb(main): 010 : 0 > query( "ImageView" ) [      [ 0 ] {                          "id" => "img_up_icon" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "android.widget.ImageView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 97 ,              "center_x" => 74 ,                "height" => 67 ,                     "y" => 64 ,                 "width" => 67 ,                     "x" => 41          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "android.widget.ImageView{41f4c740 V.ED.... .... .... 41 , 14 - 108 , 81 #7f060091 app:id/img_up_icon}"      } ]

和

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1	irb(main): 010 : 0 > query( "ImageVIew" )

结果一样。 

含有包作用域的类名 

若输入以下查询命令，

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1	irb(main): 011 : 0 > query( "android.widget.ImageView" )

结果如下：

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[      [ 0 ] {                          "id" => "icv_up_indicator" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 98 ,              "center_x" => 20 ,                "height" => 50 ,                     "y" => 73 ,                 "width" => 41 ,                     "x" => 0          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41f41cc 8 V.ED.... ........ 0 , 23 - 41 , 73 #7f060090 app:id/icv_up_indicator}"      },      [ 1 ] {                          "id" => "img_up_icon" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "android.widget.ImageView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 97 ,              "center_x" => 74 ,                "height" => 67 ,                     "y" => 64 ,                 "width" => 67 ,                     "x" => 41          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "android.widget.ImageView{41f4c740 V.ED.... .... .... 41 , 14 - 108 , 81 #7f060091 app:id/img_up_icon}"      },      [ 2 ] {                          "id" => "icv" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 98 ,              "center_x" => 480 ,                "height" => 96 ,                     "y" => 50 ,                 "width" => 96 ,                     "x" => 432          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{4241f03 8 V.ED.... ........ 0 , 0 - 96 , 96 #7f060096 app:id/icv}"      },      [ 3 ] {                          "id" => "icv" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 98 ,              "center_x" => 576 ,                "height" => 96 ,                     "y" => 50 ,                 "width" => 96 ,                     "x" => 528          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{424aa62 8 V.ED.... ........ 0 , 0 - 96 , 96 #7f060096 app:id/icv}"      },      [ 4 ] {                          "id" => "icv_overflow" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 98 ,              "center_x" => 672 ,                "height" => 96 ,                     "y" => 50 ,                 "width" => 96 ,                     "x" => 624          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41f6a6b 0 V.ED..C. ........ 500 , 0 - 596 , 96 #7f060095 app:id/icv_overflow}"      },      [ 5 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 317 ,              "center_x" => 63 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 301 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 50          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{42075eb 8 V.ED.... ........ 50 , 55 - 76 , 88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 6 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 454 ,              "center_x" => 49 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 438 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 36          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{4240c4d 0 V.ED.... ........ 36 , 89 - 62 , 122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 7 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 557 ,              "center_x" => 63 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 541 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 50          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{42368ad 0 V.ED.... ........ 50 , 55 - 76 , 88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 8 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 660 ,              "center_x" => 63 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 644 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 50          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41c8a72 0 V.ED.... ........ 50 , 55 - 76 , 88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 9 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 797 ,              "center_x" => 77 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 781 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 64          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423685d 8 V.ED.... ........ 64 , 89 - 90 , 122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 10 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 900 ,              "center_x" => 77 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 884 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 64          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{424c065 8 V.ED.... ........ 64 , 55 - 90 , 88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 11 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 1037 ,              "center_x" => 49 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 1021 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 36          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423b43f 8 V.ED.... ........ 36 , 89 - 62 , 122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 12 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 1140 ,              "center_x" => 63 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 1124 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 50          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{420c0dd 8 V.ED.... ........ 50 , 55 - 76 , 88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      },      [ 13 ] {                          "id" => "icv_comment" ,                     "enabled" => true ,          "contentDescription" => nil,                       "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView" ,                        "rect" => {              "center_y" => 1277 ,              "center_x" => 63 ,                "height" => 33 ,                     "y" => 1261 ,                 "width" => 26 ,                     "x" => 50          },                         "tag" => nil,                 "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423ab81 0 V.ED.... ........ 50 , 89 - 76 , 122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"      } ]

此时返回的结果有14个元素
由此可看出：

1.当仅给出简单类名时，仅查询该类名所对应的对象

2.当查询含有包名的类名时，会给出该类的对象和该类的子类的对象。

过滤操作

可以通过id,text或class来对结果进行过滤。

指定id:

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1	irb(main): 018 : 0 > query( "android.widget.ImageView id:'icv_comment'" )

主要id后面的单引号

指定text：

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1	query( "* text:'Login'" )

该操作会返回屏幕中含有"Login"文本的View

其它属性

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1 2	query( "* width:200" ) query( "* enabled:false" )

注意，此处无单引号

可以同时指定多个属性，如：

query("* enabled:true height:50")  查询原理

calabash过滤属性的语法如下：

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1	prop:value

prop是属性名，value是一个字符串，布尔值或整数。

上面的例子，我们使用的属性有id,text,enabled和width.除此之外，还有更多的可以用。

每一个View对象都有一系列方法，如View有isEnabled方法。当calabash准备去解析query中传入的属性时，它会以如下的顺序调用View的方法：prop(),getProp()和isProp().

故对于enabled属性，它会尝试调用enabled(),getEnabled()或isEnabled().最后将返回结果与query中指定的值进行比较。

有用的技巧

除了以上的查询语句，还有其它有用的技巧

marked

此关键字通过名称来标识一个View，用来比较id, text或contentDescription属性。

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1	qeuery( "button marked:'login_button'" )

返回属性
可指定query中的*args参数来控制返回的结果。

返回id

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irb(main): 005 : 0 > query( "android.widget.ImageView" , :id) [      [ 0 ] "icv_up_indicator" ,      [ 1 ] "img_up_icon" ,      [ 2 ] "icv" ,      [ 3 ] "icv" ,      [ 4 ] "icv_overflow" ,      [ 5 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 6 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 7 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 8 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 9 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 10 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 11 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 12 ] "icv_comment" ,      [ 13 ] "icv_comment" ]

可以将属性过滤与指定的属性配合使用，如

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1	irb(main): 006 : 0 > query( "android.widget.ImageView enabled:true" , :id)

属性也可以写成如下形式

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1	query( "android.widget.ImageView enabled:true" , "id" )

链式调用：

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1	query(android.widget.ImageView ", " text ", " toLowerCase")

先对放回的对象调用getText(),然后再调用toLowerCase函数。

设置元素的值：（暂未调试）

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1	irb(main): 034 : 0 > query( "edittext index:1" , :setText => "1234" )

暂时介绍到这儿，后续会继续更新。