以简单的备忘录应用程程序为例，实现ContentProvider，并测试

1. 如何为自己的应用程序自定义ContentProvider

   首先，我们得有数据。所以，需要创建一个SQLite数据库来存储数据。而为了访问数据库，我们需要提供访问数据库的各种接口，如创建，打开，升级等

   其次，创建一个类，继承ContentProvider类，并实现其中访问数据的所有方法，包括：1）query():查询  2) insert():插入  3）update():插入  4）delete()：删除  5）getType():获得类型  6）onCreate()：创建时调用。

   最后，定义好的ContentProvider类必须在AndroidManifest.xml里声明后，才能使用。声明中必须添加的参数是授权属性“android:authorities”。

   在实际的写代码过程中，目前只能好好研究developer.android.com上面的相关实例代码，学习Google提供的良好规范的代码：

   http://developer.android.com/resources/samples/NotePad/src/com/example/android/notepad/index.html

   在这个Note pad的例子中，Notepad.java和NotePadProvider.java两个文件是与创建ContentProvider相关的两个文件。其中Notepad.java类定义了用于可以访问的ContentProvider的常量，之所以创建这个文件，我觉得是优化代码架构而把常量写在同一个类中方便调用和访问。而NotePadProvider则主要涉及数据的相关操作，包括数据库的创建，连接以及继承实现ContenProvider类的6个方法。在阅读这部分代码时，对我来说最大的苦难是需要很好地理解URI的原理，只有这样才能看懂Google提供的代码的结构。关于URI的理解请参考官方文档：

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html#creating  中最后部分：Content URI Summary。

   令人欣慰的是，Google提供的实例代码有详细的注释，这样方便了我们去理解和学习。

2.  现在以备忘录程序为例，来实现以上各个部分。

  注：假设备忘录程序中只有一张数据表，叫做Memo, 表中有两个字段: _ID 和 MemoContent。

2.1 参考Notepad.java 创建 MemoContract.java 类，定义各种 主要的URI和数据表字段常量。之所以定义这个类，可以参考下面关于该类的注释

package com.memo;

import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;

/**
* Defines a contract between the Memo content provider and its clients.
* A contract defines the information that a client needs to access the provider as one or more data tables.
* A contract is a public, non-extendable (final) class that contains constants defining column names and URIs.
* A well-written client depends only on the constants in the contract.
*/
public final class MemoContract {
    /**
     * identification of the content provider.
     */
    public static final String AUTHORITY = " com.memo.MemoProvider " ;

    /**
     * This class can not be instantiated
     */
    private MemoContract(){
    }
   
    /**
     * Memo table contract
     */
    public static final class Memo implements BaseColumns{
        /**
         * This class can not be instantiated
         */
        private Memo(){
        }
       
        /**
         * The table name offered by this provider
         */
        public static final String TABLE_NAME = " Memo " ;

       
        /* URI definition */
        /**
         * The content:// style URL for this table
         */
        public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse( " content:// " + AUTHORITY + " / " + TABLE_NAME);
       
        /* MIME definitions */
        /**
         * The MIME type of { @link #CONTENT_URI} providing a directory of memo.
         */
        public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = " vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.companyName.memo " ;
        /**
         * The MIME type of a { @link #CONTENT_URI} sub-directory of a single memo.
         */
        public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = " vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.companyName.memo " ;
       
        /* Default sort order and column definitions for this table */
        /**
         * The default sort order for this table
         */
        public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = _ID + " DESC " ;
        /**
         * Column name for the content of the memo
         * <P>Type: TEXT</P>
         */
        public static final String COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT = " MemoContent " ;

    }
}

 

2.2 参考NotePadProvider.java创建了MemoProvider类，该类提供了访问数据的主要接口，并继承实现了ContenProvider的query()方法，其它方法类似。详细代码如下：

package com.memo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import com.memo.MemoContract.Memo;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;

/**
* Provides the access to the data of Memo
*/
public class MemoProvider extends ContentProvider {

    /**
     * a new DbHelper
     */
    private DbHelper dbHelper;
    /**
     * Create and initialize a UriMatcher instance
     */
    private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);;
    // The incoming URI matches the Memo URI pattern
    private static final int MEMOS = 1 ;
    // The incoming URI matches the Memo ID URI pattern
    private static final int MEMO_ID = 2 ;
    static {
        // Add a pattern that routes URIs terminated with "Memos" to a Memos operation
        sUriMatcher.addURI(MemoContract.AUTHORITY, " Memo " , MEMOS);
        // Add a pattern that routes URIs terminated with "Memos" plus an integer
        // to a memo ID operation
        sUriMatcher.addURI(MemoContract.AUTHORITY, " Memo/# " , MEMO_ID);
    }
    /**
     * A projection map used to select columns from the database
     */
    private static HashMap < String, String > ProjectionMap;

    /* constants for whole database */
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME = " db " ;
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2 ;
   
    /* table creation SQL statements */
    public static final String CREATE_TABLE_MEMO = " create table " + Memo.TABLE_NAME + " ( "
                               + Memo._ID + " integer primary key autoincrement, "
                               + Memo.COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT + " text) " ;
   
    /**
     * The helper class which manage the database creation and database version upgrade
     */
    private class DbHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{

        public DbHelper(Context context) {
            super (context, DATABASE_NAME, null , DATABASE_VERSION);
        }
        /**
         * Create the data table by executing the SQL statement
         */
        @Override
        public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
            db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_MEMO);
        }

        /**
         *
         * Demonstrates that the provider must consider what happens when the
         * underlying database is changed. In this sample, the database is upgraded
         * by destroying the existing data.
         * A real application should upgrade the database in place.
         */
        @Override
        public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
           
            // Logs that the database is being upgraded
            Log.w(DATABASE_NAME, " Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to " + newVersion
                    + " , which will destroy all old data " );
            // Kills the table and existing data
            db.execSQL( " DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Memo " );
            // Recreates the database with a new version
            onCreate(db);
       
        }
       
    }
   
    /**
     *
     * Initializes the provider by creating a new DbHelper. onCreate() is called
     * automatically when Android creates the provider in response to a resolver request from a
     * client.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        // Creates a new helper object. Note that the database itself isn't opened until
        // something tries to access it, and it's only created if it doesn't already exist.
        dbHelper = new DbHelper(getContext());
       
        // Assumes that any failures will be reported by a thrown exception.
        return true ;
    }
   
    /**
     * This method is called when a client calls
     * { @link android.content.ContentResolver#query(Uri, String[], String, String[], String)}.
     * Queries the database and returns a cursor containing the results.
     *
     * @return A cursor containing the results of the query. The cursor exists but is empty if
     * the query returns no results or an exception occurs.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the incoming URI pattern is invalid.
     */
    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
            String sortOrder) {
       
        // Constructs a new query builder and sets its table name
        SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
        /**
         * Choose the projection and adjust the "where" clause based on URI pattern-matching.
         */
        switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
               // If the incoming URI is for menos, chooses the Memos projection
               case MEMOS:
                   qb.setTables(Memo.TABLE_NAME);
                   qb.setProjectionMap(ProjectionMap);
                   break ;

               /* If the incoming URI is for a single memo identified by its ID, chooses the
                * memo ID projection, and appends "_ID = <MemoID>" to the where clause, so that
                * it selects that single memo
                */
               case MEMO_ID:
                   qb.setTables(Memo.TABLE_NAME);
                   qb.setProjectionMap(ProjectionMap);
                   qb.appendWhere(
                       Memo._ID +     // the name of the ID column
                       " = " +
                       // the position of the memo ID itself in the incoming URI
                       uri.getPathSegments().get( 1 ));
                   break ;
               default :
                   // If the URI doesn't match any of the known patterns, throw an exception.
                   throw new IllegalArgumentException( " Unknown URI " + uri);
           }


           String orderBy;
           // If no sort order is specified, uses the default
           if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)) {
               orderBy = Memo.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
           } else {
               // otherwise, uses the incoming sort order
               orderBy = sortOrder;
           }

           // Opens the database object in "read" mode, since no writes need to be done.
           SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();

           /*
            * Performs the query. If no problems occur trying to read the database, then a Cursor
            * object is returned; otherwise, the cursor variable contains null. If no records were
            * selected, then the Cursor object is empty, and Cursor.getCount() returns 0.
            */
           Cursor c = qb.query(
               db,            // The database to query
               projection,    // The columns to return from the query
               selection,     // The columns for the where clause
               selectionArgs, // The values for the where clause
               null ,          // don't group the rows
               null ,          // don't filter by row groups
               orderBy        // The sort order
           );

           // Tells the Cursor what URI to watch, so it knows when its source data changes
           c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
           return c;
    }
   
    @Override
    public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return 0 ;
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null ;
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri arg0, ContentValues arg1) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null ;
    }



    @Override
    public int update(Uri arg0, ContentValues arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return 0 ;
    }
}

 

  2.3 在AndroidMenifest.xml中声明我们定义的ContentProvider：

< provider android:name ="MemoProvider"
          android:authorities ="com.memo.MemoProvider" >

</ provider>

 

  2.4 为了测试我定义的ContentProvider,我们在创建的Main.activity中，利用ContentResolver读取数据，并用ListView显示：参考上一篇博文： http://www.cnblogs.com/ruiyi1987/archive/2011/06/20/2084925.html  代码如下：

package com.memo;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.memo.MemoContract.Memo;
import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class Main extends ListActivity {
   
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
       
        Uri memoUri = Memo.CONTENT_URI;
        String[] proj1 = new String[]{Memo.COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT};
        Cursor cur = getContentResolver().query(memoUri,proj1, null , null , null );
          
        // declare a ArrayList object to store the data that will present to the user
        ArrayList < String > memoList = new ArrayList < String > ();
        if (cur.getCount() > 0 ){
            while (cur.moveToNext()){  
                memoList.add(cur.getString( 0 ));
            }
        }
  
        // binding the data to ListView
        setListAdapter( new ArrayAdapter < String > ( this ,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, memoList));
        ListView lv = getListView();
        lv.setTextFilterEnabled( true );
    }
}