EventBus(高级)
概述:
register
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
EventBus.getDefault()其实就是个单例,和我们传统的getInstance一个意思:
/** Convenience singleton for apps using a process-wide EventBus instance. */public static EventBus getDefault() {if (defaultInstance == null) {synchronized (EventBus.class) {if (defaultInstance == null) {defaultInstance = new EventBus();}}}return defaultInstance;}
然后register应该是一个普通的方法,我们去看看:
register公布给我们使用的有4个:
public void register(Object subscriber) {register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, 0);}public void register(Object subscriber, int priority) {register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, priority);}public void registerSticky(Object subscriber) {register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, 0);}public void registerSticky(Object subscriber, int priority) {register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, priority);}
private synchronized void register(Object subscriber, String methodName, boolean sticky, int priority) {List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),methodName);for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);}}
subscriber 是我们扫描类的对象,也就是我们代码中常见的this;
methodName 这个是写死的:“onEvent”,用于确定扫描什么开头的方法,可见我们的类中都是以这个开头。
sticky 这个参数,解释源码的时候解释,暂时不用管
priority 优先级,优先级越高,在调用的时候会越先调用。
下面开始看代码:
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),methodName);
那么不用说,肯定是去遍历该类内部所有方法,然后根据methodName去匹配,匹配成功的封装成SubscriberMethod,最后返回一个List。下面看代码:
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, String eventMethodName) {String key = subscriberClass.getName() + '.' + eventMethodName;List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods;synchronized (methodCache) {subscriberMethods = methodCache.get(key);}if (subscriberMethods != null) {return subscriberMethods;}subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>();Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass;HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>();StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder();while (clazz != null) {String name = clazz.getName();if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) {// Skip system classes, this just degrades performancebreak;}// Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();for (Method method : methods) {String methodName = method.getName();if (methodName.startsWith(eventMethodName)) {int modifiers = method.getModifiers();if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {String modifierString = methodName.substring(eventMethodName.length());ThreadMode threadMode;if (modifierString.length() == 0) {threadMode = ThreadMode.PostThread;} else if (modifierString.equals("MainThread")) {threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread;} else if (modifierString.equals("BackgroundThread")) {threadMode = ThreadMode.BackgroundThread;} else if (modifierString.equals("Async")) {threadMode = ThreadMode.Async;} else {if (skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {continue;} else {throw new EventBusException("Illegal onEvent method, check for typos: " + method);}}Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName);methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) {// Only add if not already found in a sub classsubscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType));}}} else if (!skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {Log.d(EventBus.TAG, "Skipping method (not public, static or abstract): " + clazz + "."+ methodName);}}}clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();}if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " has no public methods called "+ eventMethodName);} else {synchronized (methodCache) {methodCache.put(key, subscriberMethods);}return subscriberMethods;}}
22行:看到没,clazz.getMethods();去得到所有的方法:
23-62行:就开始遍历每一个方法了,去匹配封装了。
25-29行:分别判断了是否以onEvent开头,是否是public且非static和abstract方法,是否是一个参数。如果都复合,才进入封装的部分。
32-45行:也比较简单,根据方法的后缀,来确定threadMode,threadMode是个枚举类型:就四种情况。
最后在54行:将method, threadMode, eventType传入构造了:new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType)。添加到List,最终放回。
注意下63行:clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();可以看到,会扫描所有的父类,不仅仅是当前类。
继续回到register:
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);}
// Must be called in synchronized blockprivate void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod, boolean sticky, int priority) {subscribed = true;Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);if (subscriptions == null) {subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>();subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);} else {for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {if (subscription.equals(newSubscription)) {throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "+ eventType);}}}// Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)// subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true);int size = subscriptions.size();for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {if (i == size || newSubscription.priority > subscriptions.get(i).priority) {subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);break;}}List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);if (subscribedEvents == null) {subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);}subscribedEvents.add(eventType);if (sticky) {Object stickyEvent;synchronized (stickyEvents) {stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);}if (stickyEvent != null) {// If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)// --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());}}}
4-17行:根据subscriberMethod.eventType,去subscriptionsByEventType去查找一个CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ,如果没有则创建。
顺便把我们的传入的参数封装成了一个:Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);
这里的subscriptionsByEventType是个Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ;这个Map其实就是EventBus存储方法的地方,一定要记住!
22-28行:实际上,就是添加newSubscription;并且是按照优先级添加的。可以看到,优先级越高,会插到在当前List的前面。
30-35行:根据subscriber存储它所有的eventType ; 依然是map;key:subscriber ,value:List<eventType> ;知道就行,非核心代码,主要用于isRegister的判断。
37-47行:判断sticky;如果为true,从stickyEvents中根据eventType去查找有没有stickyEvent,如果有则立即发布去执行。stickyEvent其实就是我们post时的参数。
postToSubscription这个方法,我们在post的时候会介绍。
到此,我们register就介绍完了。
你只要记得一件事:扫描了所有的方法,把匹配的方法最终保存在subscriptionsByEventType(Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> )中;
eventType是我们方法参数的Class,Subscription中则保存着subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;包含了执行改方法所需的一切。
post
再看源码之前,我们猜测下:register时,把方法存在subscriptionsByEventType;那么post肯定会去subscriptionsByEventType去取方法,然后调用。
下面看源码:
/** Posts the given event to the event bus. */public void post(Object event) {PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;eventQueue.add(event);if (postingState.isPosting) {return;} else {postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();postingState.isPosting = true;if (postingState.canceled) {throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");}try {while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);}} finally {postingState.isPosting = false;postingState.isMainThread = false;}}}
private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {@Overrideprotected PostingThreadState initialValue() {return new PostingThreadState();}}
10行:判断当前是否是UI线程。
16-18行:遍历队列中的所有的event,调用postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState)方法。
这里大家会不会有疑问,每次post都会去调用整个队列么,那么不会造成方法多次调用么?
可以看到第7-8行,有个判断,就是防止该问题的,isPosting=true了,就不会往下走了。
下面看postSingleEvent
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {Class<? extends Object> eventClass = event.getClass();List<Class<?>> eventTypes = findEventTypes(eventClass);boolean subscriptionFound = false;int countTypes = eventTypes.size();for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;synchronized (this) {subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(clazz);}if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {postingState.event = event;postingState.subscription = subscription;boolean aborted = false;try {postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);aborted = postingState.canceled;} finally {postingState.event = null;postingState.subscription = null;postingState.canceled = false;}if (aborted) {break;}}subscriptionFound = true;}}if (!subscriptionFound) {Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);if (eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));}}}
2-3行:根据event的Class,去得到一个List<Class<?>>;其实就是得到event当前对象的Class,以及父类和接口的Class类型;主要用于匹配,比如你传入Dog extends Dog,他会把Animal也装到该List中。
6-31行:遍历所有的Class,到subscriptionsByEventType去查找subscriptions;哈哈,熟不熟悉,还记得我们register里面把方法存哪了不?
是不是就是这个Map;
12-30行:遍历每个subscription,依次去调用postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
这个方法就是去反射执行方法了,大家还记得在register,if(sticky)时,也会去执行这个方法。
下面看它如何反射执行:
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {case PostThread:invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);break;case MainThread:if (isMainThread) {invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);} else {mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);}break;case BackgroundThread:if (isMainThread) {backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);} else {invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);}break;case Async:asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);break;default:throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);}}
那么这个方法:第一步根据threadMode去判断应该在哪个线程去执行该方法;
case PostThread:
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) throws Error {subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);}
case MainThread:
首先去判断当前如果是UI线程,则直接调用;否则: mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);把当前的方法加入到队列,然后直接通过handler去发送一个消息,在handler的handleMessage中,去执行我们的方法。说白了就是通过Handler去发送消息,然后执行的。
case BackgroundThread:
如果当前非UI线程,则直接调用;如果是UI线程,则将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用
executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();。
case Async:将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用;线程池与BackgroundThread用的是同一个。
这么说BackgroundThread和Async有什么区别呢?
BackgroundThread中的任务,一个接着一个去调用,中间使用了一个布尔型变量handlerActive进行的控制。
Async则会动态控制并发。
到此,我们完整的源码分析就结束了,总结一下:register会把当前类中匹配的方法,存入一个map,而post会根据实参去map查找进行反射调用。分析这么久,一句话就说完了~~
其实不用发布者,订阅者,事件,总线这几个词或许更好理解,以后大家问了EventBus,可以说,就是在一个单例内部维持着一个map对象存储了一堆的方法;post无非就是根据参数去查找方法,进行反射调用。
其余方法
那么这个stickyEvents何时进行保存事件呢?
其实evevntbus中,除了post发布事件,还有一个方法也可以:
public void postSticky(Object event) {synchronized (stickyEvents) {stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);}// Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediatelypost(event);}
大家再去看看EventBus中所有的public方法,无非都是一些状态判断,获取事件,移除事件的方法;没什么好介绍的,基本见名知意。
本文深入剖析了EventBus的工作原理及源码实现,包括register、post等关键方法的流程,展示了如何利用EventBus进行高效的跨组件消息传递。
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