EventBus(高级)

本文深入剖析了EventBus的工作原理及源码实现,包括register、post等关键方法的流程,展示了如何利用EventBus进行高效的跨组件消息传递。

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EventBus(高级)

概述:

           EventBus是一款针对Android优化的发布/订阅事件总线。主要功能是替代Intent,Handler,BroadCast在Fragment,Activity,Service,线程之间传递消息.优点是开销小,代码更优雅。以及将发送者和接收者解耦


register

EventBus.getDefault().register(this);

EventBus.getDefault()其实就是个单例,和我们传统的getInstance一个意思:

  1. /** Convenience singleton for apps using a process-wide EventBus instance. */
  2. public static EventBus getDefault() {
  3. if (defaultInstance == null) {
  4. synchronized (EventBus.class) {
  5. if (defaultInstance == null) {
  6. defaultInstance = new EventBus();
  7. }
  8. }
  9. }
  10. return defaultInstance;
  11. }
使用了双重判断的方式,防止并发的问题,还能极大的提高效率。

然后register应该是一个普通的方法,我们去看看:

register公布给我们使用的有4个:

  1. public void register(Object subscriber) {
  2. register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, 0);
  3. }
  4. public void register(Object subscriber, int priority) {
  5. register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, priority);
  6. }
  7. public void registerSticky(Object subscriber) {
  8. register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, 0);
  9. }
  10. public void registerSticky(Object subscriber, int priority) {
  11. register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, priority);
  12. }
本质上就调用了同一个:
  1. private synchronized void register(Object subscriber, String methodName, boolean sticky, int priority) {
  2. List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),
  3. methodName);
  4. for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
  5. subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);
  6. }
  7. }
四个参数

subscriber 是我们扫描类的对象,也就是我们代码中常见的this;

methodName 这个是写死的:“onEvent”,用于确定扫描什么开头的方法,可见我们的类中都是以这个开头。

sticky 这个参数,解释源码的时候解释,暂时不用管

priority 优先级,优先级越高,在调用的时候会越先调用。

下面开始看代码:

  1. List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),
  2. methodName);
调用内部类SubscriberMethodFinder的findSubscriberMethods方法,传入了subscriber 的class,以及methodName,返回一个List<SubscriberMethod>。

那么不用说,肯定是去遍历该类内部所有方法,然后根据methodName去匹配,匹配成功的封装成SubscriberMethod,最后返回一个List。下面看代码:

  1. List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, String eventMethodName) {
  2. String key = subscriberClass.getName() + '.' + eventMethodName;
  3. List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods;
  4. synchronized (methodCache) {
  5. subscriberMethods = methodCache.get(key);
  6. }
  7. if (subscriberMethods != null) {
  8. return subscriberMethods;
  9. }
  10. subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>();
  11. Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass;
  12. HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>();
  13. StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
  14. while (clazz != null) {
  15. String name = clazz.getName();
  16. if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) {
  17. // Skip system classes, this just degrades performance
  18. break;
  19. }
  20. // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
  21. Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
  22. for (Method method : methods) {
  23. String methodName = method.getName();
  24. if (methodName.startsWith(eventMethodName)) {
  25. int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
  26. if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
  27. Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
  28. if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
  29. String modifierString = methodName.substring(eventMethodName.length());
  30. ThreadMode threadMode;
  31. if (modifierString.length() == 0) {
  32. threadMode = ThreadMode.PostThread;
  33. } else if (modifierString.equals("MainThread")) {
  34. threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread;
  35. } else if (modifierString.equals("BackgroundThread")) {
  36. threadMode = ThreadMode.BackgroundThread;
  37. } else if (modifierString.equals("Async")) {
  38. threadMode = ThreadMode.Async;
  39. } else {
  40. if (skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
  41. continue;
  42. } else {
  43. throw new EventBusException("Illegal onEvent method, check for typos: " + method);
  44. }
  45. }
  46. Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
  47. methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
  48. methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName);
  49. methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());
  50. String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
  51. if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) {
  52. // Only add if not already found in a sub class
  53. subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType));
  54. }
  55. }
  56. } else if (!skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
  57. Log.d(EventBus.TAG, "Skipping method (not public, static or abstract): " + clazz + "."
  58. + methodName);
  59. }
  60. }
  61. }
  62. clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
  63. }
  64. if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
  65. throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " has no public methods called "
  66. + eventMethodName);
  67. } else {
  68. synchronized (methodCache) {
  69. methodCache.put(key, subscriberMethods);
  70. }
  71. return subscriberMethods;
  72. }
  73. }
我们直接看核心部分:

22行:看到没,clazz.getMethods();去得到所有的方法:

23-62行:就开始遍历每一个方法了,去匹配封装了。

25-29行:分别判断了是否以onEvent开头,是否是public且非static和abstract方法,是否是一个参数。如果都复合,才进入封装的部分。

32-45行:也比较简单,根据方法的后缀,来确定threadMode,threadMode是个枚举类型:就四种情况。

最后在54行:将method, threadMode, eventType传入构造了:new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType)。添加到List,最终放回。

注意下63行:clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();可以看到,会扫描所有的父类,不仅仅是当前类。

继续回到register:


  1. for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
  2. subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);
  3. }
for循环扫描到的方法,然后去调用suscribe方法。
  1. // Must be called in synchronized block
  2. private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod, boolean sticky, int priority) {
  3. subscribed = true;
  4. Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
  5. CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
  6. Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);
  7. if (subscriptions == null) {
  8. subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>();
  9. subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
  10. } else {
  11. for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
  12. if (subscription.equals(newSubscription)) {
  13. throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
  14. + eventType);
  15. }
  16. }
  17. }
  18. // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
  19. // subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true);
  20. int size = subscriptions.size();
  21. for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
  22. if (i == size || newSubscription.priority > subscriptions.get(i).priority) {
  23. subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
  24. break;
  25. }
  26. }
  27. List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
  28. if (subscribedEvents == null) {
  29. subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
  30. typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
  31. }
  32. subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
  33. if (sticky) {
  34. Object stickyEvent;
  35. synchronized (stickyEvents) {
  36. stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
  37. }
  38. if (stickyEvent != null) {
  39. // If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)
  40. // --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.
  41. postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());
  42. }
  43. }
  44. }
我们的subscriberMethod中保存了method, threadMode, eventType,上面已经说了;

4-17行:根据subscriberMethod.eventType,去subscriptionsByEventType去查找一个CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ,如果没有则创建。

顺便把我们的传入的参数封装成了一个:Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);

这里的subscriptionsByEventType是个Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ;这个Map其实就是EventBus存储方法的地方,一定要记住!

22-28行:实际上,就是添加newSubscription;并且是按照优先级添加的。可以看到,优先级越高,会插到在当前List的前面。

30-35行:根据subscriber存储它所有的eventType ; 依然是map;key:subscriber ,value:List<eventType> ;知道就行,非核心代码,主要用于isRegister的判断。

37-47行:判断sticky;如果为true,从stickyEvents中根据eventType去查找有没有stickyEvent,如果有则立即发布去执行。stickyEvent其实就是我们post时的参数。

postToSubscription这个方法,我们在post的时候会介绍。


到此,我们register就介绍完了。

你只要记得一件事:扫描了所有的方法,把匹配的方法最终保存在subscriptionsByEventType(Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> )中;

eventType是我们方法参数的Class,Subscription中则保存着subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;包含了执行改方法所需的一切。


post

    register完毕,知道了EventBus如何存储我们的方法了,下面看看post它又是如何调用我们的方法的。

再看源码之前,我们猜测下:register时,把方法存在subscriptionsByEventType;那么post肯定会去subscriptionsByEventType去取方法,然后调用。

下面看源码:

  1. /** Posts the given event to the event bus. */
  2. public void post(Object event) {
  3. PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
  4. List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
  5. eventQueue.add(event);
  6. if (postingState.isPosting) {
  7. return;
  8. } else {
  9. postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
  10. postingState.isPosting = true;
  11. if (postingState.canceled) {
  12. throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
  13. }
  14. try {
  15. while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
  16. postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
  17. }
  18. } finally {
  19. postingState.isPosting = false;
  20. postingState.isMainThread = false;
  21. }
  22. }
  23. }
currentPostingThreadState是一个ThreadLocal类型的,里面存储了PostingThreadState;PostingThreadState包含了一个eventQueue和一些标志位。
  1. private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {
  2. @Override
  3. protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {
  4. return new PostingThreadState();
  5. }
  6. }
把我们传入的event,保存到了当前线程中的一个变量PostingThreadState的eventQueue中。

10行:判断当前是否是UI线程。

16-18行:遍历队列中的所有的event,调用postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState)方法。

这里大家会不会有疑问,每次post都会去调用整个队列么,那么不会造成方法多次调用么?

可以看到第7-8行,有个判断,就是防止该问题的,isPosting=true了,就不会往下走了。

下面看postSingleEvent

  1. private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
  2. Class<? extends Object> eventClass = event.getClass();
  3. List<Class<?>> eventTypes = findEventTypes(eventClass);
  4. boolean subscriptionFound = false;
  5. int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
  6. for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
  7. Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
  8. CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
  9. synchronized (this) {
  10. subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(clazz);
  11. }
  12. if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
  13. for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
  14. postingState.event = event;
  15. postingState.subscription = subscription;
  16. boolean aborted = false;
  17. try {
  18. postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
  19. aborted = postingState.canceled;
  20. } finally {
  21. postingState.event = null;
  22. postingState.subscription = null;
  23. postingState.canceled = false;
  24. }
  25. if (aborted) {
  26. break;
  27. }
  28. }
  29. subscriptionFound = true;
  30. }
  31. }
  32. if (!subscriptionFound) {
  33. Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
  34. if (eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
  35. post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
  36. }
  37. }
  38. }
将我们的event,即post传入的实参;以及postingState传入到postSingleEvent中。

2-3行:根据event的Class,去得到一个List<Class<?>>;其实就是得到event当前对象的Class,以及父类和接口的Class类型;主要用于匹配,比如你传入Dog extends Dog,他会把Animal也装到该List中。

6-31行:遍历所有的Class,到subscriptionsByEventType去查找subscriptions;哈哈,熟不熟悉,还记得我们register里面把方法存哪了不?

是不是就是这个Map;

12-30行:遍历每个subscription,依次去调用postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
这个方法就是去反射执行方法了,大家还记得在register,if(sticky)时,也会去执行这个方法。

下面看它如何反射执行:


  1. private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
  2. switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
  3. case PostThread:
  4. invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
  5. break;
  6. case MainThread:
  7. if (isMainThread) {
  8. invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
  9. } else {
  10. mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
  11. }
  12. break;
  13. case BackgroundThread:
  14. if (isMainThread) {
  15. backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
  16. } else {
  17. invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
  18. }
  19. break;
  20. case Async:
  21. asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
  22. break;
  23. default:
  24. throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
  25. }
  26. }
前面已经说过subscription包含了所有执行需要的东西,大致有:subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;

那么这个方法:第一步根据threadMode去判断应该在哪个线程去执行该方法;
case PostThread:

  1. void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) throws Error {
  2. subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
直接反射调用;也就是说在当前的线程直接调用该方法;

case MainThread:

首先去判断当前如果是UI线程,则直接调用;否则: mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);把当前的方法加入到队列,然后直接通过handler去发送一个消息,在handler的handleMessage中,去执行我们的方法。说白了就是通过Handler去发送消息,然后执行的。

 case BackgroundThread:

如果当前非UI线程,则直接调用;如果是UI线程,则将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用

executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();。

 case Async:将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用;线程池与BackgroundThread用的是同一个。

这么说BackgroundThread和Async有什么区别呢?

BackgroundThread中的任务,一个接着一个去调用,中间使用了一个布尔型变量handlerActive进行的控制。

Async则会动态控制并发。


到此,我们完整的源码分析就结束了,总结一下:register会把当前类中匹配的方法,存入一个map,而post会根据实参去map查找进行反射调用。分析这么久,一句话就说完了~~

其实不用发布者,订阅者,事件,总线这几个词或许更好理解,以后大家问了EventBus,可以说,就是在一个单例内部维持着一个map对象存储了一堆的方法;post无非就是根据参数去查找方法,进行反射调用。


其余方法

 

 介绍了register和post;大家获取还能想到一个词sticky,在register中,如何sticky为true,会去stickyEvents去查找事件,然后立即去post;

那么这个stickyEvents何时进行保存事件呢?

其实evevntbus中,除了post发布事件,还有一个方法也可以:

  1. public void postSticky(Object event) {
  2. synchronized (stickyEvents) {
  3. stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
  4. }
  5. // Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately
  6. post(event);
  7. }
和post功能类似,但是会把方法存储到stickyEvents中去;

大家再去看看EventBus中所有的public方法,无非都是一些状态判断,获取事件,移除事件的方法;没什么好介绍的,基本见名知意。

 

 
 

 
 

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