Codeforces 1176E Cover it!

博客介绍了Codeforces 1176E问题的解决策略,通过对给定图转换为树结构,提出两种涂色方案:奇数层全涂色或偶数层全涂色,确保每个未涂色节点至少与一个涂色节点相邻。当奇数层涂色节点数超过n/2时,采用偶数层涂色策略。

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传送门

题意:给定一张图,最多给⌊n/2⌋个点上色,使得每个未被涂色的点,都与至少一个涂色的点相邻。

思路:直接将图生成一棵树,第一种涂色方法是将奇数层全涂色,若这种方法涂色节点数大于⌊n/2⌋,那么将偶数层全涂色肯定可行

 

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
#include <time.h>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#define mem(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a))
#define gi(x) scanf("%d",&x)
#define gi2(x,y) scanf("%d%d",&x,&y)
#define gi3(x,y,z) scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z)
#define gll(x) scanf("%lld",&x)
#define gll2(x,y) scanf("%lld%lld",&x,&y)
using namespace std;
const double eps=1e-8; 
typedef long long ll;
const int MAXN=200005;
const ll mod=1e9+7;
const int inf=0x3f3f3f3f;
vector<int>G[MAXN];
vector<int>ans;
int n,m;
int f[MAXN];
void init(){
	ans.clear();
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		f[i]=i;
		G[i].clear();
	}
}
int find1(int x){
	if(x==f[x])return x;
	return f[x]=find1(f[x]);
}
void dfs(int u,int flag,int f){
	if(flag==1){
		ans.push_back(u);
	}
	for(int i=0;i<G[u].size();i++){
		int v=G[u][i];
		if(v==f)continue;
		dfs(v,flag^1,u);
	}
}
int main(){
	int T;gi(T);
	while(T--){
		gi2(n,m);
		init();
		for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
			int u,v;
			gi2(u,v);
			int fu=find1(u),fv=find1(v);
			if(fu==fv)continue;
			f[fu]=fv;
			G[u].push_back(v);
			G[v].push_back(u);
			//cout<<u<<' '<<v<<endl;
		}
		if(n==2){
			printf("1\n1\n");
			continue;
		}
		dfs(1,1,-1);
		int t=ans.size();
		if(t>n/2){
			ans.clear();
			dfs(1,0,-1);
			t=ans.size();
		}
		printf("%d\n",t);
		for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++){
			printf("%d%c",ans[i],(i==ans.size()-1)?'\n':' ');
		}
	}
	return 0;
}







 

### Codeforces 887E Problem Solution and Discussion The problem **887E - The Great Game** on Codeforces involves a strategic game between two players who take turns to perform operations under specific rules. To tackle this challenge effectively, understanding both dynamic programming (DP) techniques and bitwise manipulation is crucial. #### Dynamic Programming Approach One effective method to approach this problem utilizes DP with memoization. By defining `dp[i][j]` as the optimal result when starting from state `(i,j)` where `i` represents current position and `j` indicates some status flag related to previous moves: ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = ...; // Define based on constraints int dp[MAXN][2]; // Function to calculate minimum steps using top-down DP int minSteps(int pos, bool prevMoveType) { if (pos >= N) return 0; if (dp[pos][prevMoveType] != -1) return dp[pos][prevMoveType]; int res = INT_MAX; // Try all possible next positions and update 'res' for (...) { /* Logic here */ } dp[pos][prevMoveType] = res; return res; } ``` This code snippet outlines how one might structure a solution involving recursive calls combined with caching results through an array named `dp`. #### Bitwise Operations Insight Another critical aspect lies within efficiently handling large integers via bitwise operators instead of arithmetic ones whenever applicable. This optimization can significantly reduce computation time especially given tight limits often found in competitive coding challenges like those hosted by platforms such as Codeforces[^1]. For detailed discussions about similar problems or more insights into solving strategies specifically tailored towards contest preparation, visiting forums dedicated to algorithmic contests would be beneficial. Websites associated directly with Codeforces offer rich resources including editorials written after each round which provide comprehensive explanations alongside alternative approaches taken by successful contestants during live events. --related questions-- 1. What are common pitfalls encountered while implementing dynamic programming solutions? 2. How does bit manipulation improve performance in algorithms dealing with integer values? 3. Can you recommend any online communities focused on discussing competitive programming tactics? 4. Are there particular patterns that frequently appear across different levels of difficulty within Codeforces contests?
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