Maven +Tomcat+SpringMVC

SpringMVC项目搭建与运行

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-05 15:10:03 发布

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#spring mvc #tomcat #maven

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本文详细介绍了如何使用Maven构建SpringMVC项目，包括pom.xml配置、tomcat和springmvc配置文件的设置，以及Controller层和View层的具体实现。通过实例演示了不同类型的请求响应处理。

目录结构：

在这里插入图片描述

首先maven配置文件pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>cen</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvctest</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>springmvctest</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
	<!-- springmvc dependencies -->
   <dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
  </dependencies>
  
  <build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
				<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.2</version>
				<configuration>
					<path>/web</path>
					<port>8080</port>
					<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding><!-- 非必需项 -->
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<verbose>true</verbose>
					<fork>true</fork>
					<executable>${JAVA_HOME}/bin/javac</executable>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

tomcat配置文件web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">

	
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:xmlcfg/springmvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</servlet>
	
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc配置文件springmvc.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
		    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
	<context:component-scan	base-package="controller"/>
</beans>

Controller层、View层

controller层类ControllerEntrance.java:

package controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class ControllerEntrance {

	@RequestMapping("index")
	public String welcomepage() {
		// 不使用@ResponseBody注解时，默认返回文件类型，即login.do
		return "page/login.do";
	}

	@RequestMapping("String")
	public @ResponseBody String welcomepage2() {
		// 使用@ResponseBody注解声明返回的类型是String
		return "Return a String";
	}
}

View层文件

hello world

index.jsp:

<html>
<body>
<h2>--------------welcome to index page!---------------</h2>
</body>
</html>

运行效果

右键项目名称—》运行方式—》运行配置—》运行：
浏览器访问网址：http://localhost:8080/web/
访问index：http://localhost:8080/web/index
访问String：http://localhost:8080/web/String

项目分析：

pom.xml中添加tomcat插件，可以直接在开发环境中使用maven命令，启动tomcat服务器；
tomcat启动后，必先读取web.xml文件，web.xml中会加载springmvc.xml文件， springmvc.xml可以扫描特定注解的类映射。
客户端访问网址，会拦截所有请求：
访问项目根目录即web/，默认返回webapp下的index.jsp；访问index，根据@RequestMapping的设置可知，会执行ControllerEntrance的welcomepage()方法；同样，访问String，会进入welcomepage2()方法，使用了@ResponseBody注解声明返回类型为字符串，浏览器接收到的是字符串