C++ template class

原创已于 2022-08-30 17:04:43 修改 · 832 阅读

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#c++ #开发语言

于 2022-08-30 16:27:34 首次发布

本文展示了一个通用模板类栈的实现，包括基本操作如压栈、弹栈等，并通过两个示例验证了其功能。此外，还介绍了一个带有默认类型的模板类点，演示了不同类型数据的使用。

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Code

//stack.h
#pragma once
#include <iostream>

template <class T>
class Stack
{
public:
	Stack(int = 10) ; 
	~Stack() { delete [] stackPtr ; }
	int push(const T&); 
	int pop(T&) ;  // pop an element off the stack
	int isEmpty()const { return top == -1 ; } 
	int isFull() const { return top == size - 1 ; } 
private:
	int size ;  // Number of elements on Stack
	int top ;  
	T* stackPtr ;  
} ;

//constructor with the default size 10
template <class T>
Stack<T>::Stack(int s)
{
	size = s > 0 && s < 1000 ? s : 10 ;  
	top = -1 ;  // initialize stack
	stackPtr = new T[size] ; 
}
 // push an element onto the Stack 
template <class T>
int Stack<T>::push(const T& item)
{
	if (!isFull())
	{
		stackPtr[++top] = item ;
		return 1 ;  // push successful
	}
	return 0 ;  // push unsuccessful
}

// pop an element off the Stack
template <class T> 
int Stack<T>::pop(T& popValue) 
{
	if (!isEmpty())
	{
		popValue = stackPtr[top--] ;
		return 1 ;  // pop successful
	}
	return 0 ;  // pop unsuccessful
}

///

//#include "stack.h"
using namespace std ;
int main()
{
	typedef Stack<float> FloatStack ;
	typedef Stack<int> IntStack ;

	FloatStack fs(5) ;
	float f = 1.1 ;
	cout << "Pushing elements onto fs" << endl ;
	while (fs.push(f))
	{
		cout << f << ' ' ;
		f += 1.1 ;
	}
	cout << endl << "Stack Full." << endl
	<< endl << "Popping elements from fs" << endl ;
	while (fs.pop(f))
		cout << f << ' ' ;
	cout << endl << "Stack Empty" << endl ;
	cout << endl ;

	IntStack is ;
	int i = 1.1 ;
	cout << "Pushing elements onto is" << endl ;
	while (is.push(i))
	{
		cout << i << ' ' ;
		i += 1 ;
	}
	cout << endl << "Stack Full" << endl
	<< endl << "Popping elements from is" << endl ;
	while (is.pop(i))
			cout << i << ' ' ;
	cout << endl << "Stack Empty" << endl ;
	return 0;
}

编译运行

C++ Shell

结果

Pushing elements onto fs
1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 
Stack Full.

Popping elements from fs
5.5 4.4 3.3 2.2 1.1 
Stack Empty

Pushing elements onto is
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
Stack Full

Popping elements from is
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 
Stack Empty

Example 2 多参数

#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  

template < typename Type1, typename Type2 = double >
class Point {
public:
    // Constructor
    Point< Type1, Type2 >( Type1 x, Type2 y)
        : m_x( x ), m_y( y )
    {
    }

    Type2 distance()
    {
        return static_cast< Type2 >( sqrt( m_x * m_x + m_y * m_y ) );
    }

private:
    Type1 m_x;
    Type2 m_y;

};//class Point

int main()  
{  
   // Sample use of template function with two data types  
      Point<int,int> pt1(2,3);
      Point<float> pt2(3.2,4.3);
      std::cout<<pt1.distance()<<"\n";
      std::cout<<pt2.distance()<<"\n";
  
  
    return 0;  
}