pkg-config使用学习

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已于 2024-03-07 15:46:39 修改

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文章标签：学习 linux

于 2024-03-07 15:33:02 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Eng_ingLi/article/details/136535034

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本文介绍了pkg-config这个工具，它用于查找系统中已安装库的相关信息，包括编译器和链接器参数。文章详细讲解了在Ubuntu上安装pkg-config的方法，以及如何配置搜索路径和查看、设置变量。还展示了如何使用pkg-config来管理依赖和获取头文件路径。

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pkg-config是用于查找在系统中已安装的库的工具，它可以查找库的信息包括：

编译器所需要的参数–cflags
链接器所需要的参数–libs
软件包的版本信息等

在Ununtu中pkg-config的安装方法：

sudo apt-get install pkg-config

pkg-config会默认搜索 /usr/lib/pkgconfig和/usr/share/pkgconfig下的 .pc 配置文件，或者将搜索文件夹加入PKG_CONFIG_PATH环境变量，例如：

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/[库名字]

下面是gtk±3.0 .pc文件内容的例子：

prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
includedir=${prefix}/include
targets=x11 broadway wayland

gtk_binary_version=3.0.0
gtk_host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

Name: GTK+
Description: GTK+ Graphical UI Library
Version: 3.22.30
Requires: gdk-3.0 atk >= 2.15.1 cairo >= 1.14.0 cairo-gobject >= 1.14.0 gdk-pixbuf-2.0 >= 2.30.0 gio-2.0 >= 2.49.4
Requires.private: atk atk-bridge-2.0 wayland-client >= 1.9.91 wayland-protocols >= 1.12 xkbcommon >= 0.2.0 wayland-cursor >= 1.9.91 wayland-egl  epoxy >= 1.0 pangoft2 gio-unix-2.0 >= 2.49.4
Libs: -L${libdir} -lgtk-3
Cflags: -I${includedir}/gtk-3.0

pkg-config的使用方法：

pkg-config --help

Usage:
  pkg-config [OPTION?]

Help Options:
  -h, --help                              Show help options

Application Options:
  --version                               output version of pkg-config
  --modversion                            output version for package
  --atleast-pkgconfig-version=VERSION     require given version of pkg-config
  --libs                                  output all linker flags
  --static                                output linker flags for static linking
  --short-errors                          print short errors
  --libs-only-l                           output -l flags
  --libs-only-other                       output other libs (e.g. -pthread)
  --libs-only-L                           output -L flags
  --cflags                                output all pre-processor and compiler flags
  --cflags-only-I                         output -I flags
  --cflags-only-other                     output cflags not covered by the cflags-only-I option
  --variable=NAME                         get the value of variable named NAME
  --define-variable=NAME=VALUE            set variable NAME to VALUE
  --exists                                return 0 if the module(s) exist
  --print-variables                       output list of variables defined by the module
  --uninstalled                           return 0 if the uninstalled version of one or more module(s) or their dependencies will be used
  --atleast-version=VERSION               return 0 if the module is at least version VERSION
  --exact-version=VERSION                 return 0 if the module is at exactly version VERSION
  --max-version=VERSION                   return 0 if the module is at no newer than version VERSION
  --list-all                              list all known packages
  --debug                                 show verbose debug information
  --print-errors                          show verbose information about missing or conflicting packages (default unless --exists or --atleast/exact/max-version given on the command line)
  --silence-errors                        be silent about errors (default when --exists or --atleast/exact/max-version given on the command line)
  --errors-to-stdout                      print errors from --print-errors to stdout not stderr
  --print-provides                        print which packages the package provides
  --print-requires                        print which packages the package requires
  --print-requires-private                print which packages the package requires for static linking
  --validate                              validate a package's .pc file
  --define-prefix                         try to override the value of prefix for each .pc file found with a guesstimated value based on the location of the .pc file
  --dont-define-prefix                    don't try to override the value of prefix for each .pc file found with a guesstimated value based on the location of the .pc file
  --prefix-variable=PREFIX                set the name of the variable that pkg-config automatically sets

例如引入头文件：

# pkg-config --cflags-only-I [lib_name]
pkg-config --cflags-only-I gtk+-3.0

/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include