1.什么是clang-tidy
clang-tidy is a clang-based C++ “linter” tool.
Its purpose is to provide an extensible framework for diagnosing
and fixing typical programming errors, like style violations,
interface misuse, or bugs that can be deduced via static analysis.
clang-tidy is modular and provides a convenient interface for writing
new checks.
clang-tidy 是一个基于 clang 的 C++ 静态代码检查工具。其目的是提供一个可扩展的框架，
用于诊断和修复典型的编程错误，例如样式冲突、接口误用或可通过静态分析推断出的错误。
clang-tidy是模块化的，为编写新检查提供了方便的接口。2.安装
待补充
3.使用clang-tidy
clang-tidy is a LibTooling-based tool, and it’s easier to work with if you set up a compile command database for your project (for an example of how to do this, see How To Setup Tooling For LLVM How To Setup Clang Tooling For LLVM — Clang 20.0.0git documentation). You can also specify compilation options on the command line after --:
$clang-tidy test.cpp -- -Imy_project/include -DMY_DEFINES ...
clang-tidy has its own checks and can also run Clang Static Analyzer checks. Each check has a name and the checks to run can be chosen using the -checks= option, which specifies a comma-separated list of positive and negative (prefixed with -) globs. Positive globs add subsets of checks, and negative globs remove them. For example,
$clang-tidy test.cpp -checks=-*,clang-analyzer-*,-clang-analyzer-cplusplus*
Note:
This will disable all default checks (
-*) and enable allclang-analyzer-*checks except forclang-analyzer-cplusplus*ones.
The -list-checks option lists all the enabled checks. When used without -checks=, it shows checks enabled by default. Use -checks=* to see all available checks or with any other value of -checks= to see which checks are enabled by this value.
There are currently the following groups of checks:
Clang diagnostics are treated in a similar way as check diagnostics. Clang diagnostics are displayed by clang-tidy and can be filtered out using the -checks= option. However, the -checks= option does not affect compilation arguments, so it cannot turn on Clang warnings which are not already turned on in the build configuration. The -warnings-as-errors= option upgrades any warnings emitted under the -checks= flag to errors (but it does not enable any checks itself).
Clang diagnostics have check names starting with clang-diagnostic-. Diagnostics which have a corresponding warning option, are named clang-diagnostic-<warning-option>, e.g. Clang warning controlled by -Wliteral-conversion will be reported with check name clang-diagnostic-literal-conversion.
The -fix flag instructs clang-tidy to fix found errors if supported by corresponding checks.
An overview of all the command-line options:
root@ubuntu:/home/muten# clang-tidy --help
USAGE: clang-tidy [options] <source0> [... <sourceN>]
OPTIONS:
Generic Options:
--help - Display available options (--help-hidden for more)
--help-list - Display list of available options (--help-list-hidden for more)
--version - Display the version of this program
clang-tidy options:
--checks=<string> - Comma-separated list of globs with optional '-'
prefix. Globs are processed in order of
appearance in the list. Globs without '-'
prefix add checks with matching names to the
set, globs with the '-' prefix remove checks
with matching names from the set of enabled
checks. This option's value is appended to the
value of the 'Checks' option in .clang-tidy
file, if any.
--config=<string> - Specifies a configuration in YAML/JSON format:
-config="{Checks: '*',
CheckOptions: {x: y}}"
When the value is empty, clang-tidy will
attempt to find a file named .clang-tidy for
each source file in its parent directories.
--config-file=<string> - Specify the path of .clang-tidy or custom config file:
e.g. --config-file=/some/path/myTidyConfigFile
This option internally works exactly the same way as
--config option after reading specified config file.
Use either --config-file or --config, not both.
--dump-config - Dumps configuration in the YAML format to
stdout. This option can be used along with a
file name (and '--' if the file is outside of a
project with configured compilation database).
The configuration used for this file will be
printed.
Use along with -checks=* to include
configuration of all checks.
--enable-check-profile - Enable per-check timing profiles, and print a
report to stderr.
--enable-module-headers-parsing - Enables preprocessor-level module header parsing
for C++20 and above, empowering specific checks
to detect macro definitions within modules. This
feature may cause performance and parsing issues
and is therefore considered experimental.
--explain-config - For each enabled check explains, where it is
enabled, i.e. in clang-tidy binary, command
line or a specific configuration file.
--export-fixes=<filename> - YAML file to store suggested fixes in. The
stored fixes can be applied to the input source
code with clang-apply-replacements.
--extra-arg=<string> - Additional argument to append to the compiler command line
--extra-arg-before=<string> - Additional argument to prepend to the compiler command line
--fix - Apply suggested fixes. Without -fix-errors
clang-tidy will bail out if any compilation
errors were found.
--fix-errors - Apply suggested fixes even if compilation
errors were found. If compiler errors have
attached fix-its, clang-tidy will apply them as
well.
--fix-notes - If a warning has no fix, but a single fix can
be found through an associated diagnostic note,
apply the fix.
Specifying this flag will implicitly enable the
'--fix' flag.
--format-style=<string> - Style for formatting code around applied fixes:
- 'none' (default) turns off formatting
- 'file' (literally 'file', not a placeholder)
uses .clang-format file in the closest parent
directory
- '{ <json> }' specifies options inline, e.g.
-format-style='{BasedOnStyle: llvm, IndentWidth: 8}'
- 'llvm', 'google', 'webkit', 'mozilla'
See clang-format documentation for the up-to-date
information about formatting styles and options.
This option overrides the 'FormatStyle` option in
.clang-tidy file, if any.
--header-filter=<string> - Regular expression matching the names of the
headers to output diagnostics from. Diagnostics
from the main file of each translation unit are
always displayed.
Can be used together with -line-filter.
This option overrides the 'HeaderFilterRegex'
option in .clang-tidy file, if any.
--line-filter=<string> - List of files with line ranges to filter the
warnings. Can be used together with
-header-filter. The format of the list is a
JSON array of objects:
[
{"name":"file1.cpp","lines":[[1,3],[5,7]]},
{"name":"file2.h"}
]
--list-checks - List all enabled checks and exit. Use with
-checks=* to list all available checks.
--load=<pluginfilename> - Load the specified plugin
-p <string> - Build path
--quiet - Run clang-tidy in quiet mode. This suppresses
printing statistics about ignored warnings and
warnings treated as errors if the respective
options are specified.
--store-check-profile=<prefix> - By default reports are printed in tabulated
format to stderr. When this option is passed,
these per-TU profiles are instead stored as JSON.
--system-headers - Display the errors from system headers.
This option overrides the 'SystemHeaders' option
in .clang-tidy file, if any.
--use-color - Use colors in diagnostics. If not set, colors
will be used if the terminal connected to
standard output supports colors.
This option overrides the 'UseColor' option in
.clang-tidy file, if any.
--verify-config - Check the config files to ensure each check and
option is recognized.
--vfsoverlay=<filename> - Overlay the virtual filesystem described by file
over the real file system.
--warnings-as-errors=<string> - Upgrades warnings to errors. Same format as
'-checks'.
This option's value is appended to the value of
the 'WarningsAsErrors' option in .clang-tidy
file, if any.
-p <build-path> is used to read a compile command database.
For example, it can be a CMake build directory in which a file named
compile_commands.json exists (use -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
CMake option to get this output). When no build path is specified,
a search for compile_commands.json will be attempted through all
parent paths of the first input file . See:
https://clang.llvm.org/docs/HowToSetupToolingForLLVM.html for an
example of setting up Clang Tooling on a source tree.
<source0> ... specify the paths of source files. These paths are
looked up in the compile command database. If the path of a file is
absolute, it needs to point into CMake's source tree. If the path is
relative, the current working directory needs to be in the CMake
source tree and the file must be in a subdirectory of the current
working directory. "./" prefixes in the relative files will be
automatically removed, but the rest of a relative path must be a
suffix of a path in the compile command database.
Configuration files:
clang-tidy attempts to read configuration for each source file from a
.clang-tidy file located in the closest parent directory of the source
file. The .clang-tidy file is specified in YAML format. If any configuration
options have a corresponding command-line option, command-line option takes
precedence.
The following configuration options may be used in a .clang-tidy file:
CheckOptions - List of key-value pairs defining check-specific
options. Example:
CheckOptions:
some-check.SomeOption: 'some value'
Checks - Same as '--checks'. Additionally, the list of
globs can be specified as a list instead of a
string.
ExtraArgs - Same as '--extra-args'.
ExtraArgsBefore - Same as '--extra-args-before'.
FormatStyle - Same as '--format-style'.
HeaderFileExtensions - File extensions to consider to determine if a
given diagnostic is located in a header file.
HeaderFilterRegex - Same as '--header-filter-regex'.
ImplementationFileExtensions - File extensions to consider to determine if a
given diagnostic is located in an
implementation file.
InheritParentConfig - If this option is true in a config file, the
configuration file in the parent directory
(if any exists) will be taken and the current
config file will be applied on top of the
parent one.
SystemHeaders - Same as '--system-headers'.
UseColor - Same as '--use-color'.
User - Specifies the name or e-mail of the user
running clang-tidy. This option is used, for
example, to place the correct user name in
TODO() comments in the relevant check.
WarningsAsErrors - Same as '--warnings-as-errors'.
The effective configuration can be inspected using --dump-config:
$ clang-tidy --dump-config
---
Checks: '-*,some-check'
WarningsAsErrors: ''
HeaderFileExtensions: ['', 'h','hh','hpp','hxx']
ImplementationFileExtensions: ['c','cc','cpp','cxx']
HeaderFilterRegex: ''
FormatStyle: none
InheritParentConfig: true
User: user
CheckOptions:
some-check.SomeOption: 'some value'
...
root@ubuntu:/home/muten#
链接：
Clang-Tidy — 额外的 Clang 工具 20.0.0git 文档 --- Clang-Tidy — Extra Clang Tools 20.0.0git documentation
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