一文展示C++中类的继承与派生的要点

C++中类的继承与派生语法:

（子类继承于父类，父类派生出子类，这两个是一个意思）

class 子类名:［继承方式］ 父类名{
  子类新增加的成员
};

---

C++中的三种继承方式：

---

C++继承时的名字遮蔽问题：
  如果子类中的成员（包括成员变量和成员函数）和父类中的成员重名，那么就会遮蔽从子类继承过来的成员。所谓遮蔽，就是覆盖，子类成员覆盖了父类成员，当然就不是重载。

---

一个代码展示类的继承与派生：

/* 类的继承与派生 */

/************************************************************** 
* Includes 
***************************************************************/ 
#include <iostream>

/************************************************************** 
* Class Father lv1
***************************************************************/ 
class Game{
		
	private:
		/*----------------成员变量--------------*/
		char* game_name;
		int game_age;
	
	
	public:
		/*----------------构造函数--------------*/
		Game(){
			this->game_name = "Dota2";
			this->game_age = 10;
		}
		
		Game(char* name,int age){//构造函数重载 
			this->game_name = name;
			this->game_age = age;
		}
		
		/*----------------成员函数--------------*/
		int setGameName(char* name){
			this->game_name = name;
			return 0;
		}
		
		int setGameAge(int age){
			this->game_age = age;
			return 0;
		}
		
		char* getGameName(void){
			return this->game_name;
		} 
		
		int getGameAge(void){
			return this->game_age;
		} 
		
		void show(void){
			std::cout<<game_name<<"-"<<game_age<<"年"<<std::endl;
		}
};

/************************************************************** 
* Class Child lv2
***************************************************************/ 

class Hero: public Game{
	
	private:
		/*----------------成员变量--------------*/
		char* hero_name;
		int hero_skill_num;
		
	public:
		/*----------------构造函数--------------*/
		//值得注意的是此处的子类的构造函数写法： 
		Hero():Game(){
			this->hero_name = "Invoker";
			this->hero_skill_num = 11;
		}
		
		Hero(char* hero_name,int hero_skill_num):Game(){//构造函数重载 
			this->hero_name = hero_name;
			this->hero_skill_num = hero_skill_num;
		}
		
		Hero(char* game_name,int game_age,char* hero_name,int hero_skill_num)
			:Game(game_name,game_age){//构造函数重载 
			this->hero_name = hero_name;
			this->hero_skill_num = hero_skill_num;
		}
		
		/*----------------成员函数--------------*/
		int setGameName(char* name){
			Game::setGameName(name);
			return 0;
		}
		
		int setGameAge(int age){
			Game::setGameAge(age);
			return 0;
		}
		
		int setHeroName(char* name){
			this->hero_name = name;
			return 0;
		}
		
		int setHeroSkillNum(int num){
			this->hero_skill_num = num;
			return 0;
		}
		
		void show(void){
			Game::show();
			std::cout<<hero_name<<"-"<<hero_skill_num<<"个技能"<<std::endl;
		}
};


/************************************************************** 
* Class Child lv3
***************************************************************/ 
class Skill: public Hero{
	private:
		char* skill_name;
	
	public:
		/*----------------构造函数--------------*/
		Skill():Hero(){
			this->skill_name = "哈雷克之火葬魔咒";
		}
		
		Skill(char* name):Hero(){
			this->skill_name = name;
		} 
		
		Skill(char* hero_name,int hero_skill_num,char* name)
			:Hero(hero_name,hero_skill_num){
			this->skill_name = name;
		} 
		
		Skill(char* game_name,int game_age,char* hero_name,int hero_skill_num,char* name)
			:Hero(game_name,game_age,hero_name,hero_skill_num){
			this->skill_name = name;
		}
		/*----------------成员函数--------------*/
		void show(void){
			Hero::show();
			std::cout<<skill_name<<std::endl;
		}
		/*....*/
}; 




/************************************************************** 
* Main Function
***************************************************************/ 

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	
	Game A;
	A.show();
	std::cout<<std::endl; 
	
	Hero B("Lina",4);
	B.show();
	std::cout<<std::endl; 
	
	Skill C;
	C.show();
	std::cout<<std::endl; 
	
	Skill D("Jugg",4,"无敌斩");
	D.show();
	std::cout<<std::endl; 
	
	return 0;
}