SpringMVC入门案例

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-12 21:07:09 发布

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本文介绍了一个简单的SpringMVC入门程序的搭建过程，包括项目的创建、配置文件的设置、控制器的编写以及视图的展示等关键步骤。

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最近在了解Spring MVC框架，试做一个入门程序了解其基本使用。

1、新建Java Web项目，导入相应jar包：

2、右击项目，new-Source Holder，用于存放配置文件。并新建xml文件“springmvc.xml”置于其中。

3、右击src，新建包。在WEB-INF中新建文件夹“jsp”，并新建jsp文件“itemsList.jsp”置于其中。完成后，项目结构基本完成。

4、配置web.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>springMvc01</display-name>
  <!-- 前端控制器 -->
  <servlet>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  <!-- 加载SpringMVC的配置 -->
  <init-param>
  	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  	<!-- 配置文件的地址 -->
  	<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
  </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<!-- 
  	可以配置/，此工程所有请求全部由springmvc解析，此种方式可以实现RESTful方式，需要特殊处理，对静态文件的解析不能由springmvc解析
  	可以配置*.do或*.action，所有的请求的url扩展名为.do或者.action由springmvc解析，此种方法常用
  	不可以配置/*，如果配置/*，返回jsp也由springmvc解析，这是不对的
  	 -->
  	<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

5、配置springmvc.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd ">
<!-- 配置Handler -->
<bean name ="/itemList.action" class="com.js.springmvc.first.ItemController1"></bean>
<!-- 处理器映射器 -->
<!-- springmvc框架根据HandlerMapping接口判断是否是处理器映射器 -->
<!-- BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping：早期使用，现在使用注解后不常使用了。根据bean的name进行查找Handler，将action的url配置在bean的name中 -->
<!-- 根据请求url：xxx.action匹配spring容器bean的name -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!-- 处理器适配器 -->
<!-- springmvc框架根据HandlerAdapter接口判断是否是处理器适配器 -->
<!-- 程序员编写handler要根据适配器的要求来编写 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/> 
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> -->

	</bean>
</beans>

6、编写java类：

package com.js.springmvc.first;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

/**
 * 入门程序，商品列表查询
 * @author js
 *
 */
public class ItemController1 implements Controller {

	public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

		// 使用静态数据将商品信息列表显示在jsp页面
		// 商品列表
		List<Items> itemsList = new ArrayList<Items>();

		Items items_1 = new Items();
		items_1.setName("联想笔记本");
		items_1.setPrice(6000f);
		items_1.setCreatetime(new Date());
		items_1.setDetail("ThinkPad T430 联想笔记本电脑！");

		Items items_2 = new Items();
		items_2.setName("苹果手机");
		items_2.setPrice(5000f);
		items_2.setDetail("iphone6苹果手机！");

		itemsList.add(items_1);
		itemsList.add(items_2);

		
		ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
		//将数据填充到request
//		request.setAttribute("itemsList", itemsList);
		modelAndView.addObject("itemsList", itemsList);
		//指定转发的jsp页面
		modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemsList.jsp");
		return modelAndView;
	}

}

package com.js.springmvc.first;

import java.util.Date;

public class Items {
    private Integer id;

    private String name;

    private Float price;

    private String pic;

    private Date createtime;

    private String detail;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name == null ? null : name.trim();
    }

    public Float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(Float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getPic() {
        return pic;
    }

    public void setPic(String pic) {
        this.pic = pic == null ? null : pic.trim();
    }

    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }

    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }

    public String getDetail() {
        return detail;
    }

    public void setDetail(String detail) {
        this.detail = detail == null ? null : detail.trim();
    }
}

package com.js.springmvc.first;

public class Orderdetail {
    private Integer id;

    private Integer ordersId;

    private Integer itemsId;

    private Integer itemsNum;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getOrdersId() {
        return ordersId;
    }

    public void setOrdersId(Integer ordersId) {
        this.ordersId = ordersId;
    }

    public Integer getItemsId() {
        return itemsId;
    }

    public void setItemsId(Integer itemsId) {
        this.itemsId = itemsId;
    }

    public Integer getItemsNum() {
        return itemsNum;
    }

    public void setItemsNum(Integer itemsNum) {
        this.itemsNum = itemsNum;
    }
}

package com.js.springmvc.first;

import java.util.Date;

public class Orders {
    private Integer id;

    private Integer userId;

    private String number;

    private Date createtime;

    private String note;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(String number) {
        this.number = number == null ? null : number.trim();
    }

    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }

    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }

    public String getNote() {
        return note;
    }

    public void setNote(String note) {
        this.note = note == null ? null : note.trim();
    }
}

package com.js.springmvc.first;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 
 * <p>Title: User</p>
 * <p>Description: /p>
 * <p>Company: www.itcast.com</p> 
 * @author	
 * @date	2015-3-1710:00:07
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class User implements Serializable {
	private int id;
	private String username;
	private String sex;
	private Date birthday;
	private String address;

	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", sex=" + sex
				+ ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}
	
	
}

7、编写itemsList.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"  prefix="fmt"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>查询商品列表</title>
</head>
<body> 
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/item/queryItem.action" method="post">
查询条件：
<table width="100%" border=1>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="查询"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
商品列表：
<table width="100%" border=1>
<tr>
	<td>商品名称</td>
	<td>商品价格</td>
	<td>生产日期</td>
	<td>商品描述</td>
	<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${itemsList }" var="item">
<tr>
	<td>${item.name }</td>
	<td>${item.price }</td>
	<td><fmt:formatDate value="${item.createtime}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss"/></td>
	<td>${item.detail }</td>
	
	<td><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/item/editItem.action?id=${item.id}">修改</a></td>

</tr>
</c:forEach>

</table>
</form>
</body>

</html>

项目编写完成，访问：http://js-pc:8080/springmvcProj01/itemList.action，页面如下所示。