命令模式定义:将请求,命令,动作等封装成对象,这样可以让项目使用这些对象来参数化其他对象。是的命令的请求者和执行者解耦。
以下是一个遥控器的例子,如果按照传统OO思想,我们一般会直接让遥控器去调用硬件提供的API,但是这种写法,会导致遥控器与特定的硬件API强耦合。当我们的需要接入新的设备,修改按钮所绑定硬件命令,这时候就会相当不便。我们有个准则是,原来已经测试好的代码,尽量不去改动。而使用命令模式就可以达到这个效果。将命令抽象成接口,所有硬件命令实现该接口,当需要调用某个硬件api,就直接调用接口的api,这样就可以实现控制器与硬件的解耦。
代码示例如下:
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//命令接口 public interface Command
{ //执行命令 public void execute(); //回退命令 public void undo(); } |
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public class LightOffCommand implements Command
{ private String
name; public LightOffCommand(String
name) { super (); this .name
= name; } @Override public void execute()
{ System.out.println( "关闭--" +name+ "--的灯" ); } @Override public void undo()
{ System.out.println( "打开--" +name+ "--的灯" ); } } |
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public class LightOnCommand implements Command
{ private String
name; public LightOnCommand(String
name) { super (); this .name
= name; } @Override public void execute()
{ System.out.println( "打开--" +name+ "--的灯" ); } @Override public void undo()
{ System.out.println( "关闭--" +name+ "--的灯" ); } } |
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//空命令类的作用是,防止初始化的按钮,没有绑定导致空指针异常 public class NoCommand implements Command
{ @Override public void execute()
{ System.out.println( "没有绑定任何电器,所以无反应" ); } @Override public void undo()
{ //
TODO Auto-generated method stub } } |
控制器类:
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//遥控器App对象 public class TeleController
{ private NoCommand
noCommand = new NoCommand(); //初始遥控器只有三对命令 private List<Command>
leftButtonList; private List<Command>
rightButtonList; //遥控器操作记录 private Stack<Command>
records = new Stack<Command>(); public TeleController(){ leftButtonList
= new ArrayList<Command>( 3 ); rightButtonList
= new ArrayList<Command>( 3 ); leftButtonList.add(noCommand); leftButtonList.add(noCommand); leftButtonList.add(noCommand); rightButtonList.add(noCommand); rightButtonList.add(noCommand); rightButtonList.add(noCommand); } public void clickButton( int index, boolean left){ if (left){ leftButtonList.get(index).execute(); records.push(leftButtonList.get(index)); } else { rightButtonList.get(index).execute(); records.push(rightButtonList.get(index)); } } public void backButton(){ if (!records.isEmpty()){ records.pop().undo(); } else { System.out.println( "已无更多操作记录,回退失败" ); } } public void setCommand( int index, boolean left,
Command command){ if (left){ leftButtonList.set(index,
command); } else { rightButtonList.set(index,
command); } } public void addButton( boolean left){ if (left){ leftButtonList.add(noCommand); } else { rightButtonList.add(noCommand); } } } |
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//扫地机器人---逻辑相同,可跳过该代码 public class RoombaOnCommand implements Command
{ @Override public void execute()
{ System.out.println( "扫地机器人--开始--打扫" ); } @Override public void undo()
{ System.out.println( "扫地机器人--停止--打扫" ); } } |
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public class RoombaOffCommand implements Command
{ @Override public void execute()
{ System.out.println( "扫地机器人--停止--打扫" ); } @Override public void undo()
{ System.out.println( "扫地机器人--开始--打扫" ); } } |
主测试函数:
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public class Main
{ private static final boolean leftButton
= true ; private static final boolean rightButton
= false ; public static void main(String[]
args) { TeleController
teleController = new TeleController(); teleController.clickButton( 0 ,
leftButton); System.out.println( "左边第一栏按钮绑定卧室灯【开启】命令" ); teleController.setCommand( 0 ,
leftButton, new LightOnCommand( "卧室灯" )); System.out.println( "右边第一栏按钮绑定卧室灯【关闭】命令" ); teleController.setCommand( 0 ,
rightButton, new LightOffCommand( "卧室灯" )); System.out.println( "左边第二栏按钮绑定打扫机器人【开启】命令" ); teleController.setCommand( 1 ,
leftButton, new RoombaOnCommand()); System.out.println( "右边第二栏按钮绑定打扫机器人【关闭】命令" ); teleController.setCommand( 1 ,
rightButton, new RoombaOffCommand()); System.out.println( "按下左边第一个按钮" ); teleController.clickButton( 0 ,
leftButton); System.out.println( "按下左边第二个按钮" ); teleController.clickButton( 1 ,
leftButton); System.out.println( "按下回退按钮" ); teleController.backButton(); System.out.println( "再按下回退按钮" ); teleController.backButton(); System.out.println( "再按下回退按钮" ); teleController.backButton(); } }
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