netty 抽象BootStrap定义

netty 事件执行器组和事件执行器定义及抽象实现：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2391257[/url]
netty 多线程事件执行器组：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2391270[/url]
netty 多线程事件循环组：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2391276[/url]
netty 抽象调度事件执行器：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2391379[/url]
netty 单线程事件执行器初始化：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2391895[/url]
netty 单线程事件执行器执行任务与graceful方式关闭：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2392051[/url]
netty 单线程事件循环：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2392067[/url]
netty nio事件循环初始化：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2392161[/url]
netty nio事件循环后续：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2392264[/url]
netty nio事件循环组：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2392300[/url]
前面我们来看netty的事件循环，从今天起，我们来看一下BootStap和ServerBootStrap：
在netty的相关测试实例中服务端有如下代码：

EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // (1)
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
	//ServerBootstrap，用于配置服务端，一般为ServerSocket通道
    ServerBootstrap serverBoot = new ServerBootstrap(); 
    serverBoot.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
     .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) 
     .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { 
         @Override
         public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        	//添加通道处理器到通道关联的管道，准确的中文翻译为管道线， 此管道线与Mina中过滤链十分相似,
        	//ChannelInitializer用于配置通道的管道线，ChannelPipeline
        	 ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
             if (sslCtx != null) {
            	 pipeline.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc()));
             }
             pipeline.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
             pipeline.addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
         }
     })
     .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)//socket监听器连接队列大小、
     .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); //保活，此配置针对ServerSocket通道接收连接产生的Socket通道
    InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(ip,port);
    // 绑定地址，开始监听
    ChannelFuture f = serverBoot.bind(inetSocketAddress).sync();
    log.info("=========Server is start=========");
    //等待，直到ServerSocket关闭
    f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
    workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}

而客户端的为：

EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
	//Bootstrap，用于配置客户端，一般为Socket通道
    Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
    bootstrap.group(workerGroup)
     .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
     .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
         @Override
         protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        	 //添加安全套接字处理器和通道处理器到
             ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
             if (sslCtx != null) {
            	 pipeline.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc(), ip, port));
             }
             pipeline.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
             pipeline.addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
         }
     });
    InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(ip,port);
    //连接socket地址
    ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect(inetSocketAddress).sync();
    log.info("=========Client is start=========");
    //等待，直到连接关闭
    f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
	workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}

上面有两个类型我们需要关注，是下面两句：

ServerBootstrap serverBoot = new ServerBootstrap();
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();

从上面来看服务端引导配置ServerBootstrap用于配置服务端的Nio事件循环组，通道，通道处理器，及通道相关配置，客户端引导配置Bootstap用于配置客户端的Nio事件循环组，通道，通道处理器，及通道相关配置。
我们来看一下两种引导配置的定义：

public class ServerBootstrap extends AbstractBootstrap<ServerBootstrap, ServerChannel> 

public class Bootstrap extends AbstractBootstrap<Bootstrap, Channel> {

两种引导配置都继承与AbstractBootstrap，只是类型参数不同，服务端通道类型参数为ServerChannel，
客户端为Channel。

我们先来看一下AbstractBootstrap：

package io.netty.bootstrap;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
import io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPromise;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoop;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.ReflectiveChannelFactory;
import io.netty.util.internal.SocketUtils;
import io.netty.util.AttributeKey;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.EventExecutor;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLogger;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * {@link AbstractBootstrap} is a helper class that makes it easy to bootstrap a {@link Channel}. It support
 * method-chaining to provide an easy way to configure the {@link AbstractBootstrap}.
 *抽象引导程序AbstractBootstrap使启动一个通道更容易的工具类。支持链式方法编程，提供配置抽象引导程序的便捷方式。
 * When not used in a {@link ServerBootstrap} context, the {@link #bind()} methods are useful for connectionless
 * transports such as datagram (UDP).

 当不在Server引导程序上下文下使用时，绑定方法可以用于无连接的传输，比如报文传输
 */
public abstract class AbstractBootstrap<B extends AbstractBootstrap<B, C>, C extends Channel> implements Cloneable {

    volatile EventLoopGroup group;//事件循环组
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    private volatile ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory;//通道工厂，已丢器	
    private volatile SocketAddress localAddress;//本地socket地址
    //通道配置项
    private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = new LinkedHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>();
    //通道属性
    private final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = new LinkedHashMap<AttributeKey<?>, Object>();
    private volatile ChannelHandler handler;//通道处理器

    AbstractBootstrap() {
        // Disallow extending from a different package.
    }

    AbstractBootstrap(AbstractBootstrap<B, C> bootstrap) {
        group = bootstrap.group;
        channelFactory = bootstrap.channelFactory;
        handler = bootstrap.handler;
        localAddress = bootstrap.localAddress;
        synchronized (bootstrap.options) {
            options.putAll(bootstrap.options);
        }
        synchronized (bootstrap.attrs) {
            attrs.putAll(bootstrap.attrs);
        }
    }
}

从上面来看抽象引导程序AbstractBootstrap，内部关联的一个事件循环组EventLoopGroup，
一个通道处理器ChannelHandler，一个通道配置集和一个本地Socket地址及一个通道属性集。

下面来看其他方法：

/**
 * The {@link EventLoopGroup} which is used to handle all the events for the to-be-created
 * {@link Channel}
 配置事件循环组，处理所有创建的事件
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public B group(EventLoopGroup group) {
    if (group == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("group");
    }
    if (this.group != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("group set already");
    }
    this.group = group;
    return (B) this;
}

/**
 * The {@link Class} which is used to create {@link Channel} instances from.
 * You either use this or {@link #channelFactory(io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory)} if your
 * {@link Channel} implementation has no no-args constructor.
 通道类channelClass，用于创建通道实例，如果你的通道实现为无参构造可以使用此方法或
 #channelFactory
 */
public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) {
    if (channelClass == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("channelClass");
    }
    return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass));
}

/**
 * {@link io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory} which is used to create {@link Channel} instances from
 * when calling {@link #bind()}. This method is usually only used if {@link #channel(Class)}
 * is not working for you because of some more complex needs. If your {@link Channel} implementation
 * has a no-args constructor, its highly recommend to just use {@link #channel(Class)} for
 * simplify your code.
 当调用绑定方法时，通道工厂由于创建通道实例。
 */
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "deprecation" })
public B channelFactory(io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) {
    return channelFactory((ChannelFactory<C>) channelFactory);
}
**
 * @deprecated Use {@link #channelFactory(io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory)} instead.
 */
@Deprecated
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public B channelFactory(ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) {
    if (channelFactory == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("channelFactory");
    }
    if (this.channelFactory != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("channelFactory set already");
    }

    this.channelFactory = channelFactory;
    return (B) this;
}

回到配置通道方法的这一句：

return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass));

我们来看一下反射通道工厂：

package io.netty.channel;

import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;

/**
 * A {@link ChannelFactory} that instantiates a new {@link Channel} by invoking its default constructor reflectively.
 */
public class ReflectiveChannelFactory<T extends Channel> implements ChannelFactory<T> {
    private final Class<? extends T> clazz;
    public ReflectiveChannelFactory(Class<? extends T> clazz) {
        if (clazz == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("clazz");
        }
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }
    //创建通道实例
    @Override
    public T newChannel() {
        try {
            return clazz.newInstance();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + clazz, t);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return StringUtil.simpleClassName(clazz) + ".class";
    }
}

再来看配置本地地址：

/**
 * The {@link SocketAddress} which is used to bind the local "end" to.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public B localAddress(SocketAddress localAddress) {
    this.localAddress = localAddress;
    return (B) this;
}
/**
 * @see #localAddress(SocketAddress)
 */
public B localAddress(int inetPort) {
    return localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(inetPort));
}
/**
 * @see #localAddress(SocketAddress)
 */
public B localAddress(String inetHost, int inetPort) {
    return localAddress(SocketUtils.socketAddress(inetHost, inetPort));
}
/**
 * @see #localAddress(SocketAddress)
 */
public B localAddress(InetAddress inetHost, int inetPort) {
    return localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(inetHost, inetPort));
}

再来看配置通道选项
/

**
 * Allow to specify a {@link ChannelOption} which is used for the {@link Channel} instances once they got
 * created. Use a value of {@code null} to remove a previous set {@link ChannelOption}.

 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> B option(ChannelOption<T> option, T value) {
    if (option == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("option");
    }
    if (value == null) {
       //置为空，则移除通道配置选项
        synchronized (options) {
            options.remove(option);
        }
    } else {
       //否则添加通道配置选择到配置选项集
        synchronized (options) {
            options.put(option, value);
        }
    }
    return (B) this;
}

ChannelOption定义见附篇。
//配置通道属性，与配置通道选项思路相同

/**
 * Allow to specify an initial attribute of the newly created {@link Channel}.  If the {@code value} is
 * {@code null}, the attribute of the specified {@code key} is removed.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> B attr(AttributeKey<T> key, T value) {
    if (key == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("key");
    }
    if (value == null) {
        synchronized (attrs) {
            attrs.remove(key);
        }
    } else {
        synchronized (attrs) {
            attrs.put(key, value);
        }
    }
    return (B) this;
}

AttributeKey定义见附篇。

/**
 * Validate all the parameters. Sub-classes may override this, but should
 * call the super method in that case.
 验证参数，子类可以重写此方法
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public B validate() {
    if (group == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("group not set");
    }
    if (channelFactory == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("channel or channelFactory not set");
    }
    return (B) this;
}

/**
 * Returns a deep clone of this bootstrap which has the identical configuration.  This method is useful when making
 * multiple {@link Channel}s with similar settings.  Please note that this method does not clone the
 * {@link EventLoopGroup} deeply but shallowly, making the group a shared resource.
 克隆引导配置
 */
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntDeclareCloneNotSupportedException")
public abstract B clone();

/**
 * Create a new {@link Channel} and register it with an {@link EventLoop}.
 创建一个通道，注册到事件循环
 */
public ChannelFuture register() {
    validate();
    return initAndRegister();
}
//初始化通道，注册通道到事件循环
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
    Channel channel = null;
    try {
        //创建通道实例
        channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
        init(channel);//初始化通道
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        if (channel != null) {
            // channel can be null if newChannel crashed (eg SocketException("too many open files"))
            channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
        }
        // as the Channel is not registered yet we need to force the usage of the GlobalEventExecutor
        return new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
    }
    //委托给事件循环组
    ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
    if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
        if (channel.isRegistered()) {
            channel.close();
        } else {
            channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
        }
    }

    // If we are here and the promise is not failed, it's one of the following cases:
    // 1) If we attempted registration from the event loop, the registration has been completed at this point.
    //    i.e. It's safe to attempt bind() or connect() now because the channel has been registered.
    // 2) If we attempted registration from the other thread, the registration request has been successfully
    //    added to the event loop's task queue for later execution.
    //    i.e. It's safe to attempt bind() or connect() now:
    //         because bind() or connect() will be executed *after* the scheduled registration task is executed
    //         because register(), bind(), and connect() are all bound to the same thread.

    return regFuture;
}

//初始化通道
abstract void init(Channel channel) throws Exception;

/**
 * Returns the {@link AbstractBootstrapConfig} object that can be used to obtain the current config
 * of the bootstrap.
 获取启动项当前配置
 */
public abstract AbstractBootstrapConfig<B, C> config();

从上面可以看出，注册通道到事件循环组，首先由通道工厂创建通道实例，然后初始化通道，初始化工作待子类实现；然后将实际注册工作委托给事件循环组。

再来看地址绑定方法：

/**
 * Create a new {@link Channel} and bind it.
 */
public ChannelFuture bind() {
    validate();
    SocketAddress localAddress = this.localAddress;
    if (localAddress == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("localAddress not set");
    }
    return doBind(localAddress);
}

/**
 * Create a new {@link Channel} and bind it.
 */
public ChannelFuture bind(int inetPort) {
    return bind(new InetSocketAddress(inetPort));
}

/**
 * Create a new {@link Channel} and bind it.
 */
public ChannelFuture bind(String inetHost, int inetPort) {
    return bind(SocketUtils.socketAddress(inetHost, inetPort));
}

//SocketUtils

/**
 * Provides socket operations with privileges enabled. This is necessary for applications that use the
 * {@link SecurityManager} to restrict {@link SocketPermission} to their application. By asserting that these
 * operations are privileged, the operations can proceed even if some code in the calling chain lacks the appropriate
 * {@link SocketPermission}.
 socket操作访问控制权限Utils
 */
public final class SocketUtils {
  ...
    private SocketUtils() {
    }
    //在当前访问控制权限下，根据主机名和端口号创建Socket地址
    public static InetSocketAddress socketAddress(final String hostname, final int port) {
        return AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<InetSocketAddress>() {
            @Override
            public InetSocketAddress run() {
                return new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port);
            }
        });
    }
    ...
}

/**
 * Create a new {@link Channel} and bind it.
 */
public ChannelFuture bind(InetAddress inetHost, int inetPort) {
    return bind(new InetSocketAddress(inetHost, inetPort));
}

/**
 * Create a new {@link Channel} and bind it.
 */
public ChannelFuture bind(SocketAddress localAddress) {
    validate();
    if (localAddress == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("localAddress");
    }
    return doBind(localAddress);
}

从上面来看，绑定socket地址实际通过doBind方法

private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
    //首先注册通道到事件循环组
    final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
    final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
    //异常返回
    if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
        return regFuture;
    }

    if (regFuture.isDone()) {
        // At this point we know that the registration was complete and successful.
        ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
	//通道注册到时间循环组，成功，委托给doBind0完成实际socket的地址绑定
        doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
        return promise;
    } else {
        // Registration future is almost always fulfilled already, but just in case it's not.
	//注册工作大部分情况下，已经完成，但有可能存在意外情况
        final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
        regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
            @Override
            public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                Throwable cause = future.cause();
                if (cause != null) {
                    // Registration on the EventLoop failed so fail the ChannelPromise directly to not cause an
                    // IllegalStateException once we try to access the EventLoop of the Channel.
                    promise.setFailure(cause);
                } else {
                    // Registration was successful, so set the correct executor to use.
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2586
		    //注册成功，执行器可以使用
                    promise.registered();
                    doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
                }
            }
        });
        return promise;
    }
}

//PendingRegistrationPromise,通道注册任务异步任务结果

static final class PendingRegistrationPromise extends DefaultChannelPromise {
        // Is set to the correct EventExecutor once the registration was successful. Otherwise it will
        // stay null and so the GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE will be used for notifications.
        private volatile boolean registered;
        PendingRegistrationPromise(Channel channel) {
            super(channel);
        }
        void registered() {
            registered = true;
        }
        @Override
        protected EventExecutor executor() {
            if (registered) {
                // If the registration was a success executor is set.
                //注册成功，即通道注册到nio事件循环中，然后获取nio事件循环的事件执行器
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2586
                return super.executor();
            }
            // The registration failed so we can only use the GlobalEventExecutor as last resort to notify.
            return GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE;
        }
    }

再来看实际绑定工作

private static void doBind0(
            final ChannelFuture regFuture, final Channel channel,
            final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {

        // This method is invoked before channelRegistered() is triggered.  Give user handlers a chance to set up
        // the pipeline in its channelRegistered() implementation.
	// 此方法在通道注册前触发调用。
        channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (regFuture.isSuccess()) {
		   //委托给通道
                    channel.bind(localAddress, promise).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
                } else {
                    promise.setFailure(regFuture.cause());
                }
            }
        });
}

从上面可以看出绑定socket地址，首先注册通道到事件循环组，待注册完成时，创建一个绑定任务线程完成地址绑定，
实际将地址绑定工作委托给通道，并将绑定任务线程交由通道关联的事件循环的事件执行器执行。

再来看其他方法，

/**
 * the {@link ChannelHandler} to use for serving the requests.
 配置通道处理器
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public B handler(ChannelHandler handler) {
    if (handler == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("handler");
    }
    this.handler = handler;
    return (B) this;
}

/**
 * Returns the configured {@link EventLoopGroup} or {@code null} if non is configured yet.
 *返回事件循环组
 * @deprecated Use {@link #config()} instead.
 */
@Deprecated
public final EventLoopGroup group() {
    return group;
}
//拷贝Map
static <K, V> Map<K, V> copiedMap(Map<K, V> map) {
    final Map<K, V> copied;
    synchronized (map) {
        if (map.isEmpty()) {
            return Collections.emptyMap();
        }
        copied = new LinkedHashMap<K, V>(map);
    }
    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(copied);
}

下面几个方法主要是获取通道属性，通道选型，通道处理器，通道工厂

final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options0() {
    return options;
}

final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs0() {
    return attrs;
}

final SocketAddress localAddress() {
    return localAddress;
}

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
final ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory() {
    return channelFactory;
}

final ChannelHandler handler() {
    return handler;
}

final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options() {
    return copiedMap(options);
}

final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs() {
    return copiedMap(attrs);
}

//设置通道选项
static void setChannelOptions(
        Channel channel, Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options, InternalLogger logger) {
    for (Map.Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object> e: options.entrySet()) {
        setChannelOption(channel, e.getKey(), e.getValue(), logger);
    }
}
static void setChannelOptions(
        Channel channel, Map.Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] options, InternalLogger logger) {
    for (Map.Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object> e: options) {
        setChannelOption(channel, e.getKey(), e.getValue(), logger);
    }
}
//配置通道选项
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static void setChannelOption(
        Channel channel, ChannelOption<?> option, Object value, InternalLogger logger) {
    try {
        if (!channel.config().setOption((ChannelOption<Object>) option, value)) {
            logger.warn("Unknown channel option '{}' for channel '{}'", option, channel);
        }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        logger.warn(
                "Failed to set channel option '{}' with value '{}' for channel '{}'", option, value, channel, t);
    }
}

[size=medium][b]总结：[/b][/size]
[color=blue]抽象引导程序AbstractBootstrap，内部关联的一个事件循环组EventLoopGroup，一个通道处理器ChannelHandler，一个通道选项集和一个本地Socket地址及一个通道属性集。内部的方法主要配置事件循环组，通道处理，通道选项集，socket地址，及通道属性，通道注册，地址绑定。注册通道到事件循环组，首先由通道工厂创建通道实例，然后初始化通道，初始化工作待子类实现；然后将实际注册工作委托给事件循环组。绑定定socket地址，首先注册通道到事件循环组，待注册完成时，创建一个绑定任务线程完成地址绑定，实际将地址绑定工作委托给通道，并将绑定任务线程交由通道关联的事件循环的事件执行器执行。[/color]

附：

package io.netty.channel;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.util.AbstractConstant;
import io.netty.util.ConstantPool;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;

/**
 * A {@link ChannelOption} allows to configure a {@link ChannelConfig} in a type-safe
 * way. Which {@link ChannelOption} is supported depends on the actual implementation
 * of {@link ChannelConfig} and may depend on the nature of the transport it belongs
 * to.
 *通道配置项运行以类型安全的方式配置通道选项，具体支持何种通道选项，依赖于具体的通道配置实现
 或所属的传输类型transport
 * @param <T>   the type of the value which is valid for the {@link ChannelOption}
 */
public class ChannelOption<T> extends AbstractConstant<ChannelOption<T>> {
    //常量池，存放配置选项常量
    private static final ConstantPool<ChannelOption<Object>> pool = new ConstantPool<ChannelOption<Object>>() {
        @Override
        protected ChannelOption<Object> newConstant(int id, String name) {
            return new ChannelOption<Object>(id, name);
        }
    };
    /**
     * Returns the {@link ChannelOption} of the specified name.
     获取name对象的通道选项值
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> ChannelOption<T> valueOf(String name) {
        return (ChannelOption<T>) pool.valueOf(name);
    }

    /**
     * Shortcut of {@link #valueOf(String) valueOf(firstNameComponent.getName() + "#" + secondNameComponent)}.
     获取firstNameComponent.getName() + "#" + secondNameComponent的属性值
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> ChannelOption<T> valueOf(Class<?> firstNameComponent, String secondNameComponent) {
        return (ChannelOption<T>) pool.valueOf(firstNameComponent, secondNameComponent);
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if a {@link ChannelOption} exists for the given {@code name}.
     判断是否存在name对应的通道选项
     */
    public static boolean exists(String name) {
        return pool.exists(name);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@link ChannelOption} for the given {@code name} or fail with an
     * {@link IllegalArgumentException} if a {@link ChannelOption} for the given {@code name} exists.
     根据名字创建通道配置选项
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> ChannelOption<T> newInstance(String name) {
        return (ChannelOption<T>) pool.newInstance(name);
    }
    //字节buf分配器
    public static final ChannelOption<ByteBufAllocator> ALLOCATOR = valueOf("ALLOCATOR");
    //接受buf分配器
    public static final ChannelOption<RecvByteBufAllocator> RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR = valueOf("RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR");
    //消息大小估算器
    public static final ChannelOption<MessageSizeEstimator> MESSAGE_SIZE_ESTIMATOR = valueOf("MESSAGE_SIZE_ESTIMATOR");
    //连接超时时间
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = valueOf("CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS");
    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link MaxMessagesRecvByteBufAllocator}
     每次读取，允许读取的最大消息
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> MAX_MESSAGES_PER_READ = valueOf("MAX_MESSAGES_PER_READ");
    //每次写的自旋次数
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> WRITE_SPIN_COUNT = valueOf("WRITE_SPIN_COUNT");
    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link #WRITE_BUFFER_WATER_MARK}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> WRITE_BUFFER_HIGH_WATER_MARK = valueOf("WRITE_BUFFER_HIGH_WATER_MARK");
    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link #WRITE_BUFFER_WATER_MARK}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> WRITE_BUFFER_LOW_WATER_MARK = valueOf("WRITE_BUFFER_LOW_WATER_MARK");
    public static final ChannelOption<WriteBufferWaterMark> WRITE_BUFFER_WATER_MARK =
            valueOf("WRITE_BUFFER_WATER_MARK");

    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> ALLOW_HALF_CLOSURE = valueOf("ALLOW_HALF_CLOSURE");
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> AUTO_READ = valueOf("AUTO_READ");

    /**
     * @deprecated  Auto close will be removed in a future release.
     *
     * If {@code true} then the {@link Channel} is closed automatically and immediately on write failure.
     * The default value is {@code true}.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> AUTO_CLOSE = valueOf("AUTO_CLOSE");
    //下面这些配置项就与socket的相关配置，我们在nio分类博客中有讲，下面这些用于socket通道
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> SO_BROADCAST = valueOf("SO_BROADCAST");
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> SO_KEEPALIVE = valueOf("SO_KEEPALIVE");
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> SO_SNDBUF = valueOf("SO_SNDBUF");
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> SO_RCVBUF = valueOf("SO_RCVBUF");
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> SO_REUSEADDR = valueOf("SO_REUSEADDR");
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> SO_LINGER = valueOf("SO_LINGER");
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> SO_BACKLOG = valueOf("SO_BACKLOG");
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> SO_TIMEOUT = valueOf("SO_TIMEOUT");
    //用于报文通道
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> IP_TOS = valueOf("IP_TOS");
    public static final ChannelOption<InetAddress> IP_MULTICAST_ADDR = valueOf("IP_MULTICAST_ADDR");
    public static final ChannelOption<NetworkInterface> IP_MULTICAST_IF = valueOf("IP_MULTICAST_IF");
    public static final ChannelOption<Integer> IP_MULTICAST_TTL = valueOf("IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> IP_MULTICAST_LOOP_DISABLED = valueOf("IP_MULTICAST_LOOP_DISABLED");

    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> TCP_NODELAY = valueOf("TCP_NODELAY");

    @Deprecated
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> DATAGRAM_CHANNEL_ACTIVE_ON_REGISTRATION =
            valueOf("DATAGRAM_CHANNEL_ACTIVE_ON_REGISTRATION");
    public static final ChannelOption<Boolean> SINGLE_EVENTEXECUTOR_PER_GROUP =
            valueOf("SINGLE_EVENTEXECUTOR_PER_GROUP");
    /**
     * Creates a new {@link ChannelOption} with the specified unique {@code name}.
     创建通道选项
     */
    private ChannelOption(int id, String name) {
        super(id, name);
    }
    @Deprecated
    protected ChannelOption(String name) {
        this(pool.nextId(), name);
    }
    /**
     * Validate the value which is set for the {@link ChannelOption}. Sub-classes
     * may override this for special checks.
     校验通道选项的值
     */
    public void validate(T value) {
        if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("value");
        }
    }
}

从上面可以看出通道选项实际为一个抽象常量，主要的操作都是委托给内部的常量池ConstantPool，
下面来看常量池的定义：

package io.netty.util;

import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.PlatformDependent;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * A pool of {@link Constant}s.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the constant
 */
public abstract class ConstantPool<T extends Constant<T>> {
    //常量集
    private final ConcurrentMap<String, T> constants = PlatformDependent.newConcurrentHashMap();
    //常量id生产器
    private final AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(1);

    /**
     * Shortcut of {@link #valueOf(String) valueOf(firstNameComponent.getName() + "#" + secondNameComponent)}.
     获取firstNameComponent.getName() + "#" + secondNameComponent对应的常量
     */
    public T valueOf(Class<?> firstNameComponent, String secondNameComponent) {
        if (firstNameComponent == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("firstNameComponent");
        }
        if (secondNameComponent == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("secondNameComponent");
        }

        return valueOf(firstNameComponent.getName() + '#' + secondNameComponent);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link Constant} which is assigned to the specified {@code name}.
     * If there's no such {@link Constant}, a new one will be created and returned.
     * Once created, the subsequent calls with the same {@code name} will always return the previously created one
     * (i.e. singleton.)
     *返回name对应常量
     * @param name the name of the {@link Constant}
     */
    public T valueOf(String name) {
        checkNotNullAndNotEmpty(name);
        return getOrCreate(name);
    }

    /**
     * Get existing constant by name or creates new one if not exists. Threadsafe
     *获取name对应的常量，没有则创建
     * @param name the name of the {@link Constant}
     */
    private T getOrCreate(String name) {
        T constant = constants.get(name);
        if (constant == null) {
            final T tempConstant = newConstant(nextId(), name);
            constant = constants.putIfAbsent(name, tempConstant);
            if (constant == null) {
                return tempConstant;
            }
        }
        return constant;
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if a {@link AttributeKey} exists for the given {@code name}.
     检查name常量是否存在
     */
    public boolean exists(String name) {
        checkNotNullAndNotEmpty(name);
        return constants.containsKey(name);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@link Constant} for the given {@code name} or fail with an
     * {@link IllegalArgumentException} if a {@link Constant} for the given {@code name} exists.
     创建name常量
     */
    public T newInstance(String name) {
        checkNotNullAndNotEmpty(name);
        return createOrThrow(name);
    }

    /**
     * Creates constant by name or throws exception. Threadsafe
     *创建name对应的常量
     * @param name the name of the {@link Constant}
     */
    private T createOrThrow(String name) {
        T constant = constants.get(name);
        if (constant == null) {
            final T tempConstant = newConstant(nextId(), name);
            constant = constants.putIfAbsent(name, tempConstant);
            if (constant == null) {
                return tempConstant;
            }
        }

        throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("'%s' is already in use", name));
    }

    private static String checkNotNullAndNotEmpty(String name) {
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(name, "name");

        if (name.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("empty name");
        }

        return name;
    }
    //创建常量实例
    protected abstract T newConstant(int id, String name);

    @Deprecated
    public final int nextId() {
        return nextId.getAndIncrement();
    }
}

从上面可以看出常量池，实际上用一个并发Map来存放常量，所有的操作委托为Map。
再来看通道选项的父类，抽象常量

public class ChannelOption<T> extends AbstractConstant<ChannelOption<T>> {

package io.netty.util;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

/**
 * Base implementation of {@link Constant}.
 */
public abstract class AbstractConstant<T extends AbstractConstant<T>> implements Constant<T> {

    private static final AtomicLong uniqueIdGenerator = new AtomicLong();
    private final int id;//常量id
    private final String name;//常量name
    private final long uniquifier;//常量唯一识别号

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     */
    protected AbstractConstant(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.uniquifier = uniqueIdGenerator.getAndIncrement();
    }

    @Override
    public final String name() {
        return name;
    }

    @Override
    public final int id() {
        return id;
    }

    @Override
    public final String toString() {
        return name();
    }

    @Override
    public final int hashCode() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return super.equals(obj);
    }

    @Override
    public final int compareTo(T o) {
        if (this == o) {
            return 0;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("UnnecessaryLocalVariable")
        AbstractConstant<T> other = o;
        int returnCode;

        returnCode = hashCode() - other.hashCode();
        if (returnCode != 0) {
            return returnCode;
        }

        if (uniquifier < other.uniquifier) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (uniquifier > other.uniquifier) {
            return 1;
        }
        throw new Error("failed to compare two different constants");
    }
}

//Constant

package io.netty.util;

/**
 * A singleton which is safe to compare via the {@code ==} operator. Created and managed by {@link ConstantPool}.
 */
public interface Constant<T extends Constant<T>> extends Comparable<T> {

    /**
     * Returns the unique number assigned to this {@link Constant}.
     */
    int id();

    /**
     * Returns the name of this {@link Constant}.
     */
    String name();
}

再来看属性key

package io.netty.util;

/**
 * Key which can be used to access {@link Attribute} out of the {@link AttributeMap}. Be aware that it is not be
 * possible to have multiple keys with the same name.
 *
 * @param <T>   the type of the {@link Attribute} which can be accessed via this {@link AttributeKey}.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration") // 'T' is used only at compile time
public final class AttributeKey<T> extends AbstractConstant<AttributeKey<T>> {
    //常量池
    private static final ConstantPool<AttributeKey<Object>> pool = new ConstantPool<AttributeKey<Object>>() {
        @Override
        protected AttributeKey<Object> newConstant(int id, String name) {
            return new AttributeKey<Object>(id, name);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Returns the singleton instance of the {@link AttributeKey} which has the specified {@code name}.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> AttributeKey<T> valueOf(String name) {
        return (AttributeKey<T>) pool.valueOf(name);
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if a {@link AttributeKey} exists for the given {@code name}.
     */
    public static boolean exists(String name) {
        return pool.exists(name);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@link AttributeKey} for the given {@code name} or fail with an
     * {@link IllegalArgumentException} if a {@link AttributeKey} for the given {@code name} exists.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> AttributeKey<T> newInstance(String name) {
        return (AttributeKey<T>) pool.newInstance(name);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> AttributeKey<T> valueOf(Class<?> firstNameComponent, String secondNameComponent) {
        return (AttributeKey<T>) pool.valueOf(firstNameComponent, secondNameComponent);
    }

    private AttributeKey(int id, String name) {
        super(id, name);
    }
}

从上面来看属性key也是一个常量，内部用常量池存放属性常量。