多线程访问同步方法的7种情况(面试常考)

本文深入探讨Java中线程同步的多种场景,包括不同对象、静态与非静态方法的同步处理,以及锁的释放机制。通过实例代码,清晰展示线程如何在不同情况下进行互斥访问。

1、两个线程同时访问一个对象的同步方法

2、两个线程访问的是两个对象的同步方法

3、两个线程访问的是synchronized的静态方法

4、同时访问同步方法(synchronized修饰)和非同步方法(没有被synchronized修饰)

5、访问同一个对象的不同的普通同步方法(非静态方法)

6、同时访问静态synchronized和非静态synchronized方法

7、方法抛异常后,会释放锁

具体解释:

1、两个线程同时访问一个对象的同步方法

一个一个运行

public class SynchronizedObjectMethod implements Runnable{
    static SynchronizedObjectMethod instance = new SynchronizedObjectMethod();

    @Override
    public void run() {
      method();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(instance);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(instance);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        while (t1.isAlive() || t2.isAlive()) {

        }
        System.out.println("finished");

    }

    public synchronized void method(){
        System.out.println("我的对象锁的方法修饰符形式,我叫:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");
    }

}

2、两个线程访问的是两个对象的同步方法

同时运行

public class SynchronizedObjectCodeBlock implements Runnable {

    static SynchronizedObjectCodeBlock instance1 = new SynchronizedObjectCodeBlock();
    static SynchronizedObjectCodeBlock instance2 = new SynchronizedObjectCodeBlock();


    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (this) {
            System.out.println("我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(instance1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(instance2);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        while (t1.isAlive() || t2.isAlive()) {

        }
        System.out.println("finished");

    }
}

3、两个线程访问的是synchronized的静态方法

一个一个运行

public class SynchronizedClassStatic implements Runnable{

    static SynchronizedClassStatic instance1 = new SynchronizedClassStatic();
    static SynchronizedClassStatic instance2 = new SynchronizedClassStatic();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        method();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(instance1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(instance2);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        while (t1.isAlive() || t2.isAlive()) {

        }
        System.out.println("finished");

    }

    public static synchronized void method(){
        System.out.println("我是类锁的第一种形式:static形式,我叫:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");
    }
}

4、同时访问同步方法(synchronized修饰)和非同步方法(没有被synchronized修饰)

非同步方法不受到影响

public class SynchronizedYesAndNo implements Runnable {
    static SynchronizedYesAndNo instance = new SynchronizedYesAndNo();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-0")){
            method1();
        }else {
            method2();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(instance);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(instance);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        while (t1.isAlive() || t2.isAlive()) {

        }
        System.out.println("finished");

    }

    public synchronized void method1() {
        System.out.println("我是加锁的方法,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }

    public void method2() {
        System.out.println("我是没加锁的方法,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }
}

5、访问同一个对象的不同的普通同步方法(非静态方法)

一个一个运行

public class SynchronizedYesAndNo implements Runnable {
    static SynchronizedYesAndNo instance = new SynchronizedYesAndNo();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-0")){
            method1();
        }else {
            method2();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(instance);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(instance);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        while (t1.isAlive() || t2.isAlive()) {

        }
        System.out.println("finished");

    }

    public synchronized void method1() {
        System.out.println("我是加锁的方法1,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }

    public synchronized void method2() {
        System.out.println("我是加锁的方法2,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }
}

6、同时访问静态synchronized和非静态synchronized方法

同时运行

public class SynchronizedYesAndNo implements Runnable {
    static SynchronizedYesAndNo instance = new SynchronizedYesAndNo();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-0")){
            method1();
        }else {
            method2();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(instance);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(instance);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        while (t1.isAlive() || t2.isAlive()) {

        }
        System.out.println("finished");

    }

    public synchronized static void method1() {
        System.out.println("我是静态加锁的方法1,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }

    public synchronized void method2() {
        System.out.println("我是非静态加锁的方法2,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }
}

7、方法抛异常后,会释放锁

抛出异常后,JVM会释放锁

public class SynchronizedYesAndNo implements Runnable {
    static SynchronizedYesAndNo instance = new SynchronizedYesAndNo();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-0")){
            method1();
        }else {
            method2();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(instance);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(instance);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        while (t1.isAlive() || t2.isAlive()) {

        }
        System.out.println("finished");

    }

    public synchronized void method1() {
        System.out.println("我是方法1,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        throw new RuntimeException();
//        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }

    public synchronized void method2() {
        System.out.println("我是方法2,我叫:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束。");

    }
}

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