该系统利用链表和C语言的文件读写功能，实现了图书信息的增删改查。包括添加新书、删除书目、更新书籍数量、查找书目信息及显示所有书籍等功能。系统通过文件存储图书数据，并在操作后即时更新文件内容。
本系统实现了对图书信息的增删改查等功能。使用到了链表以及C语言的文件读写。
增：增加新的书籍数据
删：删除指定书名的整条书籍数据
改：修改指定书名的书籍数目（借/还书）
查：查找指定书名的书籍信息
1、主函数
输入相应序号实现对图书信息的特定操作
int main()
{
int action;
struct LIB *const head =fileBuild();
bookMenu();
while(1)
{
printf("请输入要进行的操作序号：");
scanf("%d",&action);
switch(action)
{
case 1:system("CLS");bookMenu();addBookInfo(head);break;
case 2:system("CLS");bookMenu();delBookInfo(head);break;
case 3:system("CLS");bookMenu();changeBookInfo(head);break;
case 4:system("CLS");bookMenu();findBookInfo(head);break;
case 5:system("CLS");bookMenu();showBooks(head);break;
case 6:writeInFile(head);printf("已退出...\n");exit(0);break;
default:printf("没有这个序号！");break;
}
}
return 0;
}
2、结构体定义
定义图书信息结构体
struct LIB{
char bId[10];//书号
char bName[20];//书名
char aName[20];//作者
char pName[20];//出版社
char sort[20];//分类
float bPrice;//价格
int bNum;//书籍数量
struct LIB *next;
};
3、创建文件
文件不存在就创建。为什么要创建这两个函数？文件1用来存图书信息，文件2用来存图书信息条数。如果图书信息进行了增加或删除操作，那么文件2的内容会更改。
存在则进行读取。将信息读取到链表中。
struct LIB * fileBuild(void)
{
FILE *file,*f2;
int i;
struct LIB * const head = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
struct LIB *pb,*pa;
pa = pb = head;
pb->next = NULL;
if(!(fopen("LibBook.txt","r")))
{
printf("文件创建中...");
file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
fclose(f2);
fclose(file);
}
else
{
file = fopen("LibBook.txt","r");
f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","r");
fscanf(f2,"%d",&count);
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
{
pa = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
fscanf(file,"%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,pa->pName,
pa->sort,&pa->bPrice,&pa->bNum);
pb->next = pa;
pb = pa;
pb->next = NULL;
}
fclose(f2);
fclose(file);
}
return head;
}
4、向文件写入链表数据
每次改动之后就重新向文件写入数据
void writeInFile(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head;
FILE *file,*f2;
file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
fscanf(file,"%d",&count);
count = 0;
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
count++;
pa=pa->next;
fprintf(file,"%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,
pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
}
fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
fclose(f2);
fclose(file);
printf("写入成功！");
}
5、查找信息
查询操作，通过书名查询对应的书籍信息
void findBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head;
char name[20];
printf("请输入要查询的书名：");
scanf("%s",name);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
{
printf("找到书籍：%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
return;
}
}
if(pa->next==NULL)
{
printf("未找到！\n");
}
}
6、修改信息
修改操作，通过书名修改图书数目信息
void changeBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head,*pb;
pb = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
char name[10],action[10];
int c,borrow,addnum;
printf("请输入要修改信息的书名：");
scanf("%s",name);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
{
printf("找到书籍：%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
printf("请问想要借书还是还书？");
scanf("%s",action);
if(strcmp(action,"借书")==0)
{
printf("请输入借书的数量：");
scanf("%d",&borrow) ;
pa->bNum = pa->bNum-borrow;
printf("借书成功！\n");
}
else if(strcmp(action,"还书")==0)
{
printf("请输入还书的数量：");
scanf("%d",&addnum) ;
pa->bNum = pa->bNum+addnum;
printf("还书成功！\n");
}
else
{
printf("没有这个选项！\n");
}
return;
}
}
}
7、增加信息
增加书籍信息操作 (按书号插入)
void addBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa,*pb,*pc;
pa = pb =head;
pc=(struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
printf("请输入要增加的信息(书号、书名、作者、出版社、分类、价格、数量)：");
scanf("%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pc->bId,pc->bName,pc->aName,pc->pName,pc->sort,
&pc->bPrice,&pc->bNum);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(atoi(pa->bId)>atoi(pc->bId))
{
pc->next = pa;
pb->next = pc;
printf("添加成功！\n");
return;
}
pb = pa;
}
if(pa->next==NULL)
{
pa->next = pc;
pc->next = NULL;
}
}
8、删除信息
删除指定书名的信息。
void delBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa,*pb;
pa = pb =head;
char name[10];
printf("请输入要删除信息的书名：");
scanf("%s",name);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
{
pb->next = pa->next;
free(pa);
printf("删除成功！");
break;
}
pb = pa;
}
}
9、菜单
菜单显示可以使用哪些功能
void bookMenu(void)
{
printf(" =========图书管理系统==========\n");
printf("| 1、添加书籍数据 |\n");
printf("| 2、删除书籍数据 |\n");
printf("| 3、借书以及进货 |\n");
printf("| 4、查找指定书籍 |\n");
printf("| 5、显示全部书籍 |\n");
printf("| 6、退出管理系统 |\n");
printf(" ===============================\n");
}
10、显示所有图书信息
遍历链表，显示所有的图书信息
void showBooks(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head;
printf("书号\t\t书名\t\t作者\t\t出版社\t\t分类\t\t价格\t\t数量\t\t\n");
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-17.2f%-18d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
}
}
完整代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
struct LIB{
char bId[10];//书号
char bName[20];//书名
char aName[20];//作者
char pName[20];//出版社
char sort[20];//分类
float bPrice;//价格
int bNum;//书籍数量
struct LIB *next;
};
struct LIB * fileBuild(void);//文件创建
void writeInFile(struct LIB *head);//文件写入
void addBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//增
void delBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//删
void changeBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//改
void findBookInfo(struct LIB *head);//查
void showBooks(struct LIB *head);//显示所有书籍
void bookMenu(void);//显示菜单
int count;
int main()
{
int action;
struct LIB *const head =fileBuild();
bookMenu();
while(1)
{
printf("请输入要进行的操作序号：");
scanf("%d",&action);
switch(action)
{
case 1:system("CLS");bookMenu();addBookInfo(head);break;
case 2:system("CLS");bookMenu();delBookInfo(head);break;
case 3:system("CLS");bookMenu();changeBookInfo(head);break;
case 4:system("CLS");bookMenu();findBookInfo(head);break;
case 5:system("CLS");bookMenu();showBooks(head);break;
case 6:writeInFile(head);printf("已退出...\n");exit(0);break;
default:printf("没有这个序号！");break;
}
}
return 0;
}
struct LIB * fileBuild(void)
{
FILE *file,*f2;
int i;
struct LIB * const head = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
struct LIB *pb,*pa;
pa = pb = head;
pb->next = NULL;
if(!(fopen("LibBook.txt","r")))
{
printf("文件创建中...");
file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
fclose(f2);
fclose(file);
}
else
{
file = fopen("LibBook.txt","r");
f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","r");
fscanf(f2,"%d",&count);
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
{
pa = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
fscanf(file,"%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,
pa->pName,pa->sort,&pa->bPrice,&pa->bNum);
pb->next = pa;
pb = pa;
pb->next = NULL;
}
fclose(f2);
fclose(file);
}
return head;
}
void writeInFile(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head;
FILE *file,*f2;
file = fopen("LibBook.txt","w");
f2 = fopen("Numcount.txt","w");
fscanf(file,"%d",&count);
count = 0;
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
count++;
pa=pa->next;
fprintf(file,"%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,pa->aName,
pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
}
fprintf(f2,"%d\n",count);
fclose(f2);
fclose(file);
printf("写入成功！");
}
void addBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa,*pb,*pc;
pa = pb =head;
pc=(struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
printf("请输入要增加的信息(书号、书名、作者、出版社、分类、价格、数量)：");
scanf("%s%s%s%s%s%f%d",pc->bId,pc->bName,pc->aName,pc->pName,pc->sort,
&pc->bPrice,&pc->bNum);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(atoi(pa->bId)>atoi(pc->bId))
{
pc->next = pa;
pb->next = pc;
printf("添加成功！\n");
return;
}
pb = pa;
}
if(pa->next==NULL)
{
pa->next = pc;
pc->next = NULL;
}
}
void delBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa,*pb;
pa = pb =head;
char name[10];
printf("请输入要删除信息的书名：");
scanf("%s",name);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
{
pb->next = pa->next;
free(pa);
printf("删除成功！");
break;
}
pb = pa;
}
}
void changeBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head,*pb;
pb = (struct LIB *)malloc(sizeof(struct LIB));
char name[10],action[10];
int c,borrow,addnum;
printf("请输入要修改信息的书名：");
scanf("%s",name);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
{
printf("找到书籍：%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
printf("请问想要借书还是还书？");
scanf("%s",action);
if(strcmp(action,"借书")==0)
{
printf("请输入借书的数量：");
scanf("%d",&borrow) ;
pa->bNum = pa->bNum-borrow;
printf("借书成功！\n");
}
else if(strcmp(action,"还书")==0)
{
printf("请输入还书的数量：");
scanf("%d",&addnum) ;
pa->bNum = pa->bNum+addnum;
printf("还书成功！\n");
}
else
{
printf("没有这个选项！\n");
}
return;
}
}
}
void findBookInfo(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head;
char name[20];
printf("请输入要查询的书名：");
scanf("%s",name);
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
if(strcmp(pa->bName,name)==0)
{
printf("找到书籍：%s %s %s %s %s %0.2f %d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
return;
}
}
if(pa->next==NULL)
{
printf("未找到！\n");
}
}
void bookMenu(void)
{
printf(" =========图书管理系统==========\n");
printf("| 1、添加书籍数据 |\n");
printf("| 2、删除书籍数据 |\n");
printf("| 3、借书以及还书 |\n");
printf("| 4、查找指定书籍 |\n");
printf("| 5、显示全部书籍 |\n");
printf("| 6、退出管理系统 |\n");
printf(" ===============================\n");
}
void showBooks(struct LIB *head)
{
struct LIB *pa = head;
printf("书号\t\t书名\t\t作者\t\t出版社\t\t分类\t\t价格\t\t数量\t\t\n");
while(pa->next!=NULL)
{
pa = pa->next;
printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-16s%-17.2f%-18d\n",pa->bId,pa->bName,
pa->aName,pa->pName,pa->sort,pa->bPrice,pa->bNum);
}
}
缺点
虽然基本实现了增删改查的功能，但是还有不足：
1.查找书籍只能找书名全部匹配的。
2.添加书籍数据时，只能创建一条新的数据，若数据已存在不能选择修改部分信息。
3.不能连续操作，只能每输入一次操作号进行一次操作。
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