这篇博客详细介绍了Docker的常用命令，包括帮助命令、镜像管理、容器操作、数据卷使用以及Dockerfile的创建和镜像推送。还提到了可视化工具Portainer和如何在阿里云仓库发布镜像。此外，提供了练习用例如nginx、tomcat和elasticsearch，以及子账户登录Docker Hub的方法。
Docker常用命令
帮助命令
https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/api/
docker version
docker info
docker 命令 --help
docker启动
systemctl start docker
service docker start
重启docker服务
systemctl restart docker
sudo service docker restart
关闭docker
systemctl stop docker
service docker stop
查看是否启动成功
docker ps -a镜像命令
[root@localhost var]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat 9.0 040bdb29ab37 2 days ago 649MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 12 months ago 13.3kB
## 说明
REPOSITORY 镜像仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间docker search 查找镜像
[root@localhost var]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10380 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3848 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 758 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 519 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 87
#带过滤条件的
[root@localhost var]# docker search mysql -f STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10380 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3848 [OK] 下载镜像 docker pull
#docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost var]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #命令不写tag，默认下载最新版的 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete #分层下载，docker image的核心 ，联合文件系统
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
69dd1fbf9190: Pull complete
5346a60dcee8: Pull complete
ef28da371fc9: Pull complete
fd04d935b852: Pull complete
050c49742ea2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0fd2898dc1c946b34dceaccc3b80d38b1049285c1dab70df7480de62265d6213 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
[root@localhost var]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists #分层下载，已经存在的就不会再次下载
f6c208f3f991: Already exists
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
7065aaa2655f: Pull complete
b4bc531db40f: Pull complete
8c3e9d7c9815: Pull complete
fadfb9734ed2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e08834258fcc0efd01df358222333919df53d4a0d9b2a54da05b204b822e3b7b
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost var]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat 9.0 040bdb29ab37 2 days ago 649MB
mysql 5.7 cc8775c0fe94 3 days ago 449MB
mysql latest d4c3cafb11d5 3 days ago 545MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 12 months ago 13.3kB删除镜像 docker rmi
[root@localhost var]# docker rmi -f d4c3cafb11d5
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:0fd2898dc1c946b34dceaccc3b80d38b1049285c1dab70df7480de62265d6213
Deleted: sha256:d4c3cafb11d573699728f9e7de10d1b976089b01298c0360e03f0afd9a1a8b36
Deleted: sha256:3ce5f6a2175f88412c0e8241e9298e721cface0773ea2fd70f1fdaf0e606c7fa
Deleted: sha256:f840f44fb69007f9b78a9bb552882753066b8e4a7835aa8f1be83ba50466e346
Deleted: sha256:d5c65d80478a6f623a715e67e39c4756ce0d4d09348881d1e86b87033322c70c
Deleted: sha256:2a33bb3c3abf34893e689effc0f204c998eb1c8c137050808b9b2725589e3c66
Deleted: sha256:537f09811c9ed9704ccbda6a316f3a2bf346530a296753de6545025b2dfde532
# 删除所有的镜像
[root@localhost var]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
#删除 指定的多个镜像
[root@localhost var]# docker rmi -f d4c3cafb11d5 a8s4ojaoi116e容器命令
说明：有了镜像才能创建容器
下载centos学习
[root@localhost var]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest新建容器并启动
#docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name='NAME' 容器名称，用来区分创建的容器
-d 后台运行方式
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8088:8080
-p 主机ip:端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
#测试 启动并进入容器
[root@localhost var]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bc297469a043 /]#
# 查看容器内的centos， 基础版本，很多内容不全
[root@bc297469a043 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#退出命令 退出容器，当前容器会自动停止
[root@bc297469a043 /]# exit
exit
按住 ctrl键加q加p 键 可以退出容器，并保持容器运行列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps
#列出正在运行的容器
-a #列出正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的？个容器
-q #列出正在运行的容器id
-lq #列出最后运行的容器id
[root@localhost var]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost var]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bc297469a043 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (127) About a minute ago vibrant_jemison
925b7191a49f bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 23 hours ago Exited (0) 23 hours ago
[root@localhost var]# docker ps -ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES SIZE
bc297469a043 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (127) 4 minutes ago vibrant_jemison 13B (virtual 209MB)
[root@localhost var]# docker ps -lq
bc297469a043
[root@localhost var]# docker ps -a -n=2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bc297469a043 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (127) 4 minutes ago vibrant_jemison
925b7191a49f bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 23 hours ago Exited (0) 23 hours ago happy_lewin删除容器
#删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器 ，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm 容器id
#删除所有容器
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
#或者
docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止容器常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost var]# docker run -d centos
3864c84f62e7d2280afd36116a431738168ac61fac04a5670f5262b2dd58e22d
#问题 docker ps 后发现centos 停止了
#常见的坑：docker容器启动后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
#nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了
# 获取mysql镜像
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z home]# docker pull mysql
# 运行容器,需要做数据挂载 #安装启动mysql，需要配置密码的，这是要注意点！
# 参考官网hub
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag
#启动我们得
-d 后台运行
-p 端口映射
-v 卷挂载
-e 环境配置
-- name 容器名字
$ docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql03 mysql:5.7
查看日志
#docker logs --tail -50tf 容器id 容器，没有日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo dockerCentos running;sleep 2;done"
361a83ef310b3e1949d1b399cc642bb226790a11b3634db64413f6ca12a252b6
查看容器中的进程信息
#docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top f31c50e180b1
UID PID PPID C STIME
root 10494 10474 0 21:56
root 10538 10494 0 21:56 查看镜像的元数据
# docker inspect 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect f31c50e180b1
[
{
"Id": "f31c50e180b15d4e346dd836e80d40669a4b8816be718f77071beb4a4ec71ef1",
"Created": "2021-01-15T13:56:42.711260533Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo dockerCentos running;sleep 2;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 10494,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-01-15T13:56:42.959859275Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f31c50e180b15d4e346dd836e80d40669a4b8816be718f77071beb4a4ec71ef1/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f31c50e180b15d4e346dd836e80d40669a4b8816be718f77071beb4a4ec71ef1/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f31c50e180b15d4e346dd836e80d40669a4b8816be718f77071beb4a4ec71ef1/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f31c50e180b15d4e346dd836e80d40669a4b8816be718f77071beb4a4ec71ef1/f31c50e180b15d4e346dd836e80d40669a4b8816be718f77071beb4a4ec71ef1-json.log",
"Name": "/admiring_wozniak",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4d6b818ca593bd2a204364097913edd952211c54389fd02f24dd6802aebdcca5-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff27b84b8e28db32cf82a12dc6e9de90f048d95ffe63b65dd2b12c3342b35da2/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4d6b818ca593bd2a204364097913edd952211c54389fd02f24dd6802aebdcca5/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4d6b818ca593bd2a204364097913edd952211c54389fd02f24dd6802aebdcca5/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4d6b818ca593bd2a204364097913edd952211c54389fd02f24dd6802aebdcca5/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "f31c50e180b1",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo dockerCentos running;sleep 2;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "fd8148ce9c89956287a3b038c94259d37656a0005424ca7368144ac843809112",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/fd8148ce9c89",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "58e9a39c46957a4a383f1f67e667544bc26c106b23d7a05677eab6e16e2a3365",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f6aa63f8a0c1f1e85bde1450c05771dcc5d89faa3933c15d2fb94434116848e5",
"EndpointID": "58e9a39c46957a4a383f1f67e667544bc26c106b23d7a05677eab6e16e2a3365",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是后台运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
#docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it f31c50e180b1 /bin/bash
[root@f31c50e180b1 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin
#方式二
#docker attach 容器id
# docker exec 和attach 命令的区别
# exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# attach 进入正在运行的终端，不会启动新的终端从容器内copy 文件到主机上
# docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
[root@localhost home]# docker attach 3dba03947cf5
[root@3dba03947cf5 /]# cd /home/
[root@3dba03947cf5 home]# ls
[root@3dba03947cf5 home]# touch Hello.java
[root@3dba03947cf5 home]# ls
Hello.java
[root@3dba03947cf5 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 3dba03947cf5:/home/Hello.java /home/
[root@localhost home]# ls
Hello.java
#拷贝是一个手动的命令，后面使用卷的形式自动复制文件练习用例
nginx
[root@localhost home]# docker pull nginx:1.18
[root@localhost home]# docker pull nginx
[root@localhost home]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.18 b9e1dc12387a 3 days ago 133MB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 3 days ago 133MB
#开放name server端口
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --remove-port=8855/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 8855:80 b9e1dc12387a
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f9571ea9261d b9e1dc12387a "/docker-entrypoint.…" 26 seconds ago Up 25 seconds 0.0.0.0:8855->80/tcp nginx01
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8855
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# tomcat
#docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
#说明rm 用完即删elasticsearch
#docker stats 查看cup使用情况
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
8e3ae3b63a2f elasticsearch01 0.05% 246.9MiB / 972.6MiB 25.38% 656B / 0B 148MB / 59.4kB 33
# 启动 elasticsearch -e 设置环境配置修改
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.typs=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx521m" elasticsearch
97fed73d5ede7dfd73f185a45490fe24f09882fd3ce469b842f96d7dde4d5f62可视化
portainer
docker图形化界面管理工具
docker run -d -p 8899:9000 \
--restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer容器数据卷
容器之间数据共享的技术；目录的挂载，将我们容器内的目录挂载到本地
使用数据卷
方式一 ：直接使用命令挂载 -v
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录 -p 主机端口:容器内端口
# /home/ceshi：主机home目录下的ceshi文件夹 映射：centos容器中的/home
[root@iz2zeak7 home]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
#这时候主机的/home/ceshi文件夹就和容器的/home文件夹关联了,二者可以实现文件或数据同步了
#通过 docker inspect 容器id 查看
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z home]# docker inspect 6064c490c371容器挂载
# 匿名挂载
-v 容器内路径!
$ docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
# 查看所有的volume(卷)的情况
$ docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME # 容器内的卷名(匿名卷挂载)
local 21159a8518abd468728cdbe8594a75b204a10c26be6c36090cde1ee88965f0d0
local b17f52d38f528893dd5720899f555caf22b31bf50b0680e7c6d5431dbda2802c
# 这里发现，这种就是匿名挂载，我们在 -v只写了容器内的路径，没有写容器外的路径！
# 具名挂载 -P:表示随机映射端口
$ docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
9663cfcb1e5a9a1548867481bfddab9fd7824a6dc4c778bf438a040fe891f0ee
# 查看所有的volume(卷)的情况
$ docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 21159a8518abd468728cdbe8594a75b204a10c26be6c36090cde1ee88965f0d0
local b17f52d38f528893dd5720899f555caf22b31bf50b0680e7c6d5431dbda2802c
local juming-nginx #多了一个名字
# 通过 -v 卷名：查看容器内路径
# 查看一下这个卷
$ docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2020-05-23T13:55:34+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data", #默认目录
"Name": "juming-nginx",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]所有的docker容器内的卷，没有指定目录的情况下都是在**/var/lib/docker/volumes/自定义的卷名/_data**下，
如果指定了目录，docker volume ls 是查看不到的
# 三种挂载： 匿名挂载、具名挂载、指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径 #匿名挂载
-v 卷名：容器内路径 #具名挂载
-v /宿主机路径：容器内路径 #指定路径挂载 docker volume ls 是查看不到的# 通过 -v 容器内路径： ro rw 改变读写权限
ro #readonly 只读
rw #readwrite 可读可写
$ docker run -d -P --name nginx05 -v juming:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
$ docker run -d -P --name nginx05 -v juming:/etc/nginx:rw nginx
# ro 只要看到ro就说明这个路径只能通过宿主机来操作，容器内部是无法操作！Dockerfile
1.创建一个dockerfile文件
基础知识：
- 每个保留关键字(指令）都是必须是大写字母
- 执行从上到下顺序
- #表示注释
- 每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像曾，并提交！
# 创建一个dockerfile文件，名字可以随便 建议Dockerfile
# 文件中的内容： 指令(大写) + 参数
$ vim dockerfile1
FROM centos # 当前这个镜像是以centos为基础的
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"] # 挂载卷的卷目录列表(多个目录) 匿名挂载，外部定有同步的目录
CMD echo "-----end-----" # 输出一下用于测试
CMD /bin/bash # 默认走bash控制台
# 这里的每个命令，就是镜像的一层！
# 构建出这个镜像 FROM # from:基础镜像，一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER # maintainer:镜像是谁写的， 姓名+邮箱
RUN # run:镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD # add:步骤，tomcat镜像，这个tomcat压缩包！添加内容 添加同目录
WORKDIR # workdir:镜像的工作目录
VOLUME # volume:挂载的目录
EXPOSE # expose:保留端口配置
CMD # cmd:指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # entrypoint:指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD # onbuild:当构建一个被继承DockerFile这个时候就会运行onbuild的指令，触发指令
COPY # copy:类似ADD，将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV # env:构建的时候设置环境变量！# 1./home下新建dockerfile目录
$ mkdir dockerfile
# 2. dockerfile目录下新建mydockerfile-centos文件
$ vim mydockerfile-centos
# 3.编写Dockerfile配置文件
FROM centos # 基础镜像是官方原生的centos
MAINTAINER cao<1165680007@qq.com> # 作者
ENV MYPATH /usr/local # 配置环境变量的目录
WORKDIR $MYPATH # 将工作目录设置为 MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim # 给官方原生的centos 增加 vim指令
RUN yum -y install net-tools # 给官方原生的centos 增加 ifconfig命令
EXPOSE 80 # 暴露端口号为80
CMD echo $MYPATH # 输出下 MYPATH 路径
CMD echo "-----end----"
CMD /bin/bash # 启动后进入 /bin/bash
# 4.通过这个文件构建镜像
# 命令： docker build -f 文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag] .
$ docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .
# 5.出现下图后则构建成功
CMD 和 ENTRYPOINT区别
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代。
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令2.把创建的dockerfile文件构建成 镜像 docker build -f DockerFile -t catalog/centos .
-f DockerFile # f代表file，指这个当前文件的地址(这里是当前目录下的DockerFile)
-t catalog/centos # t就代表target，指目标目录(注意catalog镜像名前不能加斜杠‘/’)
. # 表示生成在当前目录下
$ docker build -f DockerFile -t catalog/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
latest: Pulling from library/centos
8a29a15cefae: Already exists
Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
---> 470671670cac
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"] # 卷名列表
---> Running in c18eefc2c233
Removing intermediate container c18eefc2c233
---> 623ae1d40fb8
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "-----end-----" # 输出 脚本命令
---> Running in 70e403669f3c
Removing intermediate container 70e403669f3c
---> 0eba1989c4e6
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in 4342feb3a05b
Removing intermediate container 4342feb3a05b
---> f4a6b0d4d948
Successfully built f4a6b0d4d948
Successfully tagged catalog/centos:latest
# 查看自己构建的镜像
$ docker images3.启动自己的镜像 $ docker run -it f4a6b0d4d948 /bin/bash # 运行自己写的镜像
4.docker push发布镜像（DockerHub 、阿里云仓库)
4.1登录Docker Hub docker login -u 你的用户名 -p 你的密码
4.2提交 push镜像 $docker push mytomcat:1.0
# 会发现push不上去，因为如果没有前缀的话默认是push到 官方的library
# 解决方法：
# 第一种 build的时候添加你的dockerhub用户名，然后在push就可以放到自己的仓库了
$ docker build -t kuangshen/mytomcat:0.1 .
# 第二种 使用docker tag #然后再次push
$ docker tag 容器id kuangshen/mytomcat:1.0 #然后再次push
$ docker push kuangshen/mytomcat:1.0发布到 阿里云镜像服务上
官网操作： https://cr.console.aliyun.com/repository/
docker push
镜像在本地环境构建或是打包好之后，就可以上传到 Registry。
上传的准备工作和下载基本一样。需要确认您有对这个仓库的读写权限或是读写授权。否则您会看到下面的报错信息。
docker@default-online:~$ docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent:0.8
The push refers to a repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent]
359f80267111: Layer already exists
7e5fa28d90b8: Layer already exists
b20d7f600f63: Layer already exists
4a159b4f8370: Layer already exists
7c3712ebe877: Layer already exists
d91d130a53aa: Layer already exists
fcad8ad5a40f: Layer already exists
unauthorized: authentication required 登录子账户
- 使用子账户登录容器镜像服务控制台，设置对应 Registry 的登录密码。
- 使用
[子账户名]@[企业别名]作为用户名进行登录。您可以在 RAM 控制台设置和查看主账户的企业别名。如果没有企业别名，企业别名默认为主账户的 UID。
假设子账户名为
subaccount，企业别名为misaka-network，则登录示例如下：docker@default-online:~$ docker login registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com Username: subaccount@misaka-network Password: Login Succeeded$ sudo docker login --username=zchengx registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com $ sudo docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/dsadxzc/cheng:[镜像版本号] # 修改id 和 版本 sudo docker tag a5ef1f32aaae registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/dsadxzc/cheng:1.0 # 修改版本 $ sudo docker push registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/dsadxzc/cheng:[镜像版本号]
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