python unittest单元测试

python单元测试框架

unittest官方文档 https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/unittest.html
unittest不仅适用于单元测试，还可以适用于Web自动化测试用例的开发和执行

unittest核心要素

• TestCase
  TestCase实例是一个测试用例，就是一个完整的测试流程，包括测试前的准备环境的搭建(setUp)，执行测试代码(run)，以及测试后环境的还原(tearTown)。
  一个测试用例就是一个完整的测试单元
• TestSuite
  多个测试用例集合在一起就是TestSuite，可以将测试用例添加到TestSuit集合中
• TextTestRunner
  执行测试用例

对Math类 进行单元测试

• Math.py

class Math:
    def __init__(self,a,b):
        self.a=int(a)
        self.b=int(b)
    def add(self):
        return self.a+self.b
    def sub(self):
        return self.a-self.b

• 搭建测试环境
  unittest_startend.py

import unittest
class Test_StartEnd(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        print("start up")
    def tearDown(self):
        print("end")

• add方法测试实例
  unittest_add.py

class Test_add(Test_StartEnd):
    def test_add(self):
        j=Math(5,5)
        self.assertEqual(j.add(),10)
    def test_add1(self):
        j=Math(-45.8,-12.9)
        self.assertEqual(j.add(), -57)
    def test_add2(self):
        j = Math(45.1,12.3)
        self.assertEqual(j.add(), 57)
    def test_add3(self):
        j=Math(64376,37463)
        self.assertEqual(j.add(), 101839)
    def test_add4(self):
        j= Math('1','34')
        self.assertEqual(j.add(), 35)

• sub方法测试实例

unittest_sub.py

class Test_sub(Test_StartEnd):
    def test_sub(self):
        j = Math(23,3)
        self.assertEqual(j.sub(),20 )
    def test_sub1(self):
        j = Math(45.1,5.3)
        self.assertEqual(j.sub(), 40)
    def test_sub2(self):
        j=Math(-5,-6)
        self.assertEqual(j.sub(), 1)
    def test_sub3(self):
        j= Math('34','-9')
        self.assertEqual(j.sub(), 43)    

• runtest.py执行测试用例
  1.unittest.main()方法
  2.添加测试集合方法

    #构造测试集
    suite=unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(Test_sub("test_sub"))
    
    #执行测试
    runner=unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(suite)

3.discover方法，可以一次调用多个脚本

test_dir=r'./'
discover=unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern="test_*.py")

if __name__=='__main__':
    runner=unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(discover)

• 补充，测试用例的跳转
  unittest.skip() 直接跳过测试
  unittest.skipIf() 条件为真，跳过测试
  unittest.skipUnless 条件为假，跳过测试
  unittest.expectedFailure 预期设置失败

class Test1(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        print("Test1 start")
    @unittest.skipIf(4>3, "skip test_b")
    def test_c(self):
        print("test_c")
    
    @unittest.skipIf(1<0, "skip test_c")
    def test_b(self):
        print("test_b")
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_a(self):
        self.assertEqual(1+1,0)
    def tearDown(self):
        print("Test1 end")

web测试用例

• qunar自动登录测试脚本test_qunar.py

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class qunar_Login():
    def __init__(self,driver,username,password):
        self.driver=driver
        self.username=username
        self.password=password
    def login(self):
        element=WebDriverWait(self.driver,5).until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(By.ID,'username'))
        element.send_keys(self.username)
        element=WebDriverWait(self.driver,5).until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(By.ID,'password'))
        element.send_keys(self.password)
        element=WebDriverWait(self.driver,5).until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(By.ID,'su'))
        element.click()
    def quit(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.退出').click()
        self.driver.switch_to_alert('accept')
def main(): 
    driver=webdriver.Firefox()
    driver.get('qunar')
    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.implicitly_wait(5)
    qunar_Login(driver,'user1','123').login()
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file(r'e:/')
    qunar_Login(driver,'user2','123').quit()
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file(r'e:/')

• qunar自动登录单元测试unittest_qunar.py

import unittest 
from selenium import webdriver
from qunar.test_qunar import qunar_Login
class Test_qunar_login(unittest.TestCase):
    #构建测试环境
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver=webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.get('qunar')
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)
    
    def test_login_case1(self):
        qunar_Login(self.driver,'user1','123').login()
    def test_login_case2(self):
        qunar_Login(self.driver,'user2','123').login()

    #退出测试环境
    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ =='__main__':
    unittest.main()

测试报告

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
import unittest
import time

test_dir = r'../test_project'
discover=unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="test_*.py")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    report_dir = './'
    now=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
    report_name=report_dir+now+'result.html'
    print(report_name)

    with open(report_name,'wb') as f:
        runner=HTMLTestRunner(stream=f,title="Test Report",description="Test case result")
        runner.run(discover)
    f.close()

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner 
import unittest
import time

test_dir = r'../test_project'
discover=unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="test_*.py")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    report_dir = './'
    now=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
    report_name=report_dir+now+'result.html'

    with open(report_name,'wb')as f:
        runer=BSTestRunner(stream=f,title="Test Report",description='Test case result')
        
        runer.run(discover)
    f.close()