【Python】基础学习&技能提升&代码样例7：代码测试

1. doctest

# 文件外命令测试
# file name: foo.py
"""
My square function.
Usage:
>>> a = my_square(4)
>>> b = my_square(3)
>>> a + b
25
"""
def my_square(num):
    return num * num
> python3 -m doctest foo.py # 不看详情
> python3 -m doctest -v foo.py # 看详情

# 文件内命令测试
# file-name: foo.py
"""
example usage:
>>> a, b = 2, 3
>>> a+b
5
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()
> python3 foo.py -v # 或者ide中run

2. unittest

unittest

import unittest

class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_upper(self):
        self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')

    def test_isupper(self):
        self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
        self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())

    def test_split(self):
        s = 'hello world'
        self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
        # check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            s.split(2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

使用unittest进行测试，如果是需要实现上百个测试用例，把它们全部写在一个test.py文件中，文件会越来越臃肿，后期维护页麻烦。此时可以将这些用例按照测试功能进行拆分，分散到不同的测试文件中。
Python+Unittest - discover()构建不同目录下的用例
discover(start_dir,pattern='test*.py',top_level_dir=None)

找到指定目录下所有测试模块，并可递归查到子目录下的测试模块，只有匹配到文件名才能被加载。如果启动的不是顶层目录，那么顶层目录必须单独指定。

start_dir：要测试的模块名或测试用例目录
pattern=‘test*.py’：表示用例文件名的匹配原则。此处匹配文件名以“test”开头的“.py”类型的文件，幸好“*”表示任意多个字符
top_level_dir=None：测试模块的顶层目录，如果没有顶层目录，默认为None

3. PyTest

pip install pytest
使用方法 pytest test_mymod_1.py
依赖assert函数

import mymath

def test_math():
    assert mymath.add(2, 2) == 4

def test_more_math():
    assert mymath.add(3, 3) == 6
    
import pytest
@pytest.fixture
def input_value():
   input = 39
   return input

def test_divisible_by_3(input_value):
   assert input_value % 3 == 0

def test_divisible_by_6(input_value):
   assert input_value % 6 == 0

@pytest.mark.parametrize("num, output",[(1,11),(2,22),(3,35),(4,44)])
def test_multiplication_11(num, output):
   assert 11*num == output

pytest -k test_multiplication_11.py -v
test_multiplication.py::test_multiplication_11[1-11] PASSED
test_multiplication.py::test_multiplication_11[2-22] PASSED
test_multiplication.py::test_multiplication_11[3-35] FAILED
test_multiplication.py::test_multiplication_11[4-44] PASSED
============================================== FAILURES
==============================================
_________________ test_multiplication_11[3-35] __________________
num = 3, output = 35
   @pytest.mark.parametrize("num, output",[(1,11),(2,22),(3,35),(4,44)])
   def test_multiplication_11(num, output):
>  assert 11*num == output
E  assert (11 * 3) == 35
test_multiplication.py:5: AssertionError
============================== 1 failed, 3 passed, 8 deselected in 0.08 seconds
==============================

pytest.fixture：让一个函数为测试提供输入，测试函数必须将该函数名称名称作为输入参数。
Pytest中fixture的几种用法
 pytest.mark.parametrize：简化代码重复输入

4. 装饰器logger_decor，显示函数调用和运行信息

from logger_decor import tron

@tron
def f(a, b=1, *args, **kwargs):
    print('a:     ', a)
    print('b:     ', b)
    print('args:  ', args)
    print('kwargs:', kwargs)
    return a + b

f(2, 3, 4, 5, c=6, d=7)
print()
f(2, c=5, d=6)
print()
f(10)

Calling f((2, 3, 4, 5), {'c': 6, 'd': 7})
a:      2
b:      3
args:   (4, 5)
kwargs: {'c': 6, 'd': 7}
Finished f(5)
Elapsed time: 1.3589859008789062e-05

Calling f((2,), {'c': 5, 'd': 6})
a:      2
b:      1
args:   ()
kwargs: {'c': 5, 'd': 6}
Finished f(3)
Elapsed time: 5.245208740234375e-06

Calling f((10,), {})
a:      10
b:      1
args:   ()
kwargs: {}
Finished f(11)
Elapsed time: 4.291534423828125e-06