Spring进阶 - Spring AOP实现原理(三)Cglib代理实现

我们在前文中已经介绍了SpringAOP的切面实现和创建动态代理的过程,那么动态代理是如何工作的呢?本文主要介绍Cglib动态代理的案例和SpringAOP实现的原理。

要了解动态代理是如何工作的,首先需要了解

  • 什么是代理模式?
  • 什么是动态代理?
  • 什么是Cglib?
  • SpringAOP和Cglib是什么关系?

动态代理要解决什么问题?

什么是代理?

代理模式(Proxy pattern): 为另一个对象提供一个替身或占位符以控制对这个对象的访问。从代码为例,就是我们调用的是目标对象的方法,但实际执行的是代理对象的方法,很奇怪,明明没调用代理对象,它非要执行。这是因为目标对象被代理了,一定会这样执行。

img

再举一个生活中的例子,你(调用方)去买房,你根本分不清他是中介(代理对象)还是房东(真实对象)。

什么是动态代理?

动态代理就是,在程序运行期,创建目标对象的代理对象,并对目标对象中的方法进行功能性增强的一种技术。

在生成代理对象的过程中,目标对象不变,代理对象中的方法是目标对象方法的增强方法。可以理解为运行期间,有一种技术可以动态拦截目标对象,在目标对象前后增加其它逻辑,这种技术就是动态代理技术。

img

什么是Cglib? SpringAOP和Cglib是什么关系?

Cglib是一个强大的、高性能的代码生成包,它广泛被许多AOP框架使用,为他们提供方法的拦截。

img

  • 最底层是字节码
  • ASM是操作字节码的工具
  • cglib基于ASM字节码工具操作字节码(即动态生成代理,对方法进行增强)
  • SpringAOP基于cglib进行封装,实现cglib方式的动态代理

Cglib代理的案例

不借助 Spring AOP 框架,用 Cglib 一样可以实现代理,只是没有切面编程范式,就没有切入点、通知等功能,很不灵活,实现如下:

pom包依赖

引入cglib的依赖包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>com-fency-spring-demos</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.fency</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-framework-demo-aop-proxy-cglib</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
            <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

定义实体

User

public class User {

    /**
     * user's name.
     */
    private String name;

    /**
     * user's age.
     */
    private int age;

    /**
     * init.
     *
     * @param name name
     * @param age  age
     */
    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

被代理的类

即目标类, 对被代理的类中的方法进行增强

public class UserServiceImpl {

    /**
     * find user list.
     *
     * @return user list
     */
    public List<User> findUserList() {
        return Collections.singletonList(new User("fency", 18));
    }

    /**
     * add user
     */
    public void addUser() {
        // do something
    }

}

cglib代理

cglib代理类,需要实现MethodInterceptor接口,并指定代理目标类target

public class UserLogProxy implements MethodInterceptor {

    /**
     * 业务类对象,供代理方法中进行真正的业务方法调用
     */
    private Object target;

    public Object getUserLogProxy(Object target) {
        //给业务对象赋值
        this.target = target;
        //创建加强器,用来创建动态代理类
        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
        //为加强器指定要代理的业务类(即:为下面生成的代理类指定父类)
        enhancer.setSuperclass(this.target.getClass());
        //设置回调:对于代理类上所有方法的调用,都会调用CallBack,而Callback则需要实现intercept()方法进行拦截
        enhancer.setCallback(this);
        // 创建动态代理类对象并返回
        return enhancer.create();
    }

    // 实现回调方法
    @Override
    public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
        // log - before method
        System.out.println("[before] execute method: " + method.getName());

        // call method
        Object result = proxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);

        // log - after method
        System.out.println("[after] execute method: " + method.getName() + ", return value: " + result);
        return null;
    }
}

使用代理

启动类中指定代理目标并执行。

public class ProxyDemo {

    /**
     * main interface.
     *
     * @param args args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // proxy
        UserServiceImpl userService = (UserServiceImpl) new UserLogProxy().getUserLogProxy(new UserServiceImpl());

        // call methods
        userService.findUserList();
        userService.addUser();
    }
}

简单测试

我们启动上述类main 函数,执行的结果如下:

[before] execute method: findUserList
[after] execute method: findUserList, return value: [User{name='fency', age=18}]
[before] execute method: addUser
[after] execute method: addUser, return value: null

Cglib代理的流程

我们把上述Demo的主要流程画出来,你便能很快理解

img

SpringAOP中Cglib代理的实现

SpringAOP封装了cglib,通过其进行动态代理的创建。

CglibAopProxy 是 Spring 框架的一个工具类,作用是统一管理和执行CGLIB代理逻辑

Spring 6.x 没有 CglibAopProxy ,取而代之的是 DefaultAopProxyFactory ,本文仅学习 CglibAopProxy 源码。

我们看下CglibAopProxy的getProxy方法

@Override
public Object getProxy() {
  return getProxy(null);
}

@Override
public Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
  if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    logger.trace("Creating CGLIB proxy: " + this.advised.getTargetSource());
  }

  try {
    Class<?> rootClass = this.advised.getTargetClass();
    Assert.state(rootClass != null, "Target class must be available for creating a CGLIB proxy");

    // 上面流程图中的目标类
    Class<?> proxySuperClass = rootClass;
    if (rootClass.getName().contains(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR)) {
      proxySuperClass = rootClass.getSuperclass();
      Class<?>[] additionalInterfaces = rootClass.getInterfaces();
      for (Class<?> additionalInterface : additionalInterfaces) {
        this.advised.addInterface(additionalInterface);
      }
    }

    // Validate the class, writing log messages as necessary.
    validateClassIfNecessary(proxySuperClass, classLoader);

    // 重点看这里,就是上图的enhancer,设置各种参数来构建
    Enhancer enhancer = createEnhancer();
    if (classLoader != null) {
      enhancer.setClassLoader(classLoader);
      if (classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader &&
          ((SmartClassLoader) classLoader).isClassReloadable(proxySuperClass)) {
        enhancer.setUseCache(false);
      }
    }
    enhancer.setSuperclass(proxySuperClass);
    enhancer.setInterfaces(AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised));
    enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
    enhancer.setStrategy(new ClassLoaderAwareGeneratorStrategy(classLoader));

    // 设置callback回调接口,即方法的增强点
    Callback[] callbacks = getCallbacks(rootClass);
    Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[callbacks.length];
    for (int x = 0; x < types.length; x++) {
      types[x] = callbacks[x].getClass();
    }
    // 上节说到的filter
    enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new ProxyCallbackFilter(
        this.advised.getConfigurationOnlyCopy(), this.fixedInterceptorMap, this.fixedInterceptorOffset));
    enhancer.setCallbackTypes(types);

    // 重点:创建proxy和其实例
    return createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);
  }
  catch (CodeGenerationException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {
    throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of " + this.advised.getTargetClass() +
        ": Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class",
        ex);
  }
  catch (Throwable ex) {
    // TargetSource.getTarget() failed
    throw new AopConfigException("Unexpected AOP exception", ex);
  }
}

重点关注 getCallbacks(rootClass) 方法,下面给出源码。

提几个下面这段源码的关键点:

  • rootClass: 即目标代理类
  • advised: 包含上文中我们获取到的advisor增强器的集合
  • exposeProxy: 在xml配置文件中配置的,作用就是如果在事务A中使用了代理,事务A调用了目标类的方法a,在方法a中又调用目标类的方法b,方法a,b同时都是要被增强的方法,如果不配置exposeProxy属性,方法b的增强将会失效,如果配置exposeProxy,方法b在方法a的执行中也会被增强了
  • DynamicAdvisedInterceptor: 拦截器将advised(包含上文中我们获取到的advisor增强器)构建配置的AOP的callback(第一个callback)
  • targetInterceptor: xml配置的optimize属性使用的(第二个callback)
  • 最后连同其它5个默认的Interceptor 返回作为cglib的拦截器链,之后通过CallbackFilter的accpet方法返回的索引从这个集合中返回对应的拦截增强器执行增强操作
private Callback[] getCallbacks(Class<?> rootClass) throws Exception {
    // Parameters used for optimization choices...
    boolean exposeProxy = this.advised.isExposeProxy();
    boolean isFrozen = this.advised.isFrozen();
    boolean isStatic = this.advised.getTargetSource().isStatic();

    // Choose an "aop" interceptor (used for AOP calls).
    Callback aopInterceptor = new DynamicAdvisedInterceptor(this.advised);

    // Choose a "straight to target" interceptor. (used for calls that are
    // unadvised but can return this). May be required to expose the proxy.
    Callback targetInterceptor;
    if (exposeProxy) {
        targetInterceptor = (isStatic ?
                             new StaticUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) :
                             new DynamicUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()));
    }
    else {
        targetInterceptor = (isStatic ?
                             new StaticUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) :
                             new DynamicUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()));
    }

    // Choose a "direct to target" dispatcher (used for
    // unadvised calls to static targets that cannot return this).
    Callback targetDispatcher = (isStatic ?
                                 new StaticDispatcher(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) : new SerializableNoOp());

    Callback[] mainCallbacks = new Callback[] {
        aopInterceptor,  // 
        targetInterceptor,  // invoke target without considering advice, if optimized
        new SerializableNoOp(),  // no override for methods mapped to this
        targetDispatcher, this.advisedDispatcher,
        new EqualsInterceptor(this.advised),
        new HashCodeInterceptor(this.advised)
    };

    Callback[] callbacks;

    // If the target is a static one and the advice chain is frozen,
    // then we can make some optimizations by sending the AOP calls
    // direct to the target using the fixed chain for that method.
    if (isStatic && isFrozen) {
        Method[] methods = rootClass.getMethods();
        Callback[] fixedCallbacks = new Callback[methods.length];
        this.fixedInterceptorMap = CollectionUtils.newHashMap(methods.length);

        // TODO: small memory optimization here (can skip creation for methods with no advice)
        for (int x = 0; x < methods.length; x++) {
            Method method = methods[x];
            List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, rootClass);
            fixedCallbacks[x] = new FixedChainStaticTargetInterceptor(
                chain, this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget(), this.advised.getTargetClass());
            this.fixedInterceptorMap.put(method, x);
        }

        // Now copy both the callbacks from mainCallbacks
        // and fixedCallbacks into the callbacks array.
        callbacks = new Callback[mainCallbacks.length + fixedCallbacks.length];
        System.arraycopy(mainCallbacks, 0, callbacks, 0, mainCallbacks.length);
        System.arraycopy(fixedCallbacks, 0, callbacks, mainCallbacks.length, fixedCallbacks.length);
        this.fixedInterceptorOffset = mainCallbacks.length;
  }
  else {
    callbacks = mainCallbacks;
  }
  return callbacks;
}

可以结合调试,方便理解

img

参考文章

https://pdai.tech/md/spring/spring-x-framework-aop-source-3.html

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