面试见过的异常

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本文对比了checked和unchecked异常的区别，通过实例剖析IllegalArgumentException和ClientException，展示了如何处理这些常见异常。还讲解了如何预防如MalformedURLException和DateTimeParseException，以及提供解决资源未找到问题的方法。

总述：checked/unchecked 异常有什么区别？

1️⃣checked：一般是指程序不能直接控制的外界情况，是指在编译的时候就需要检查的一类exception，用户程序中必须采用try catch机制处理或者通过throws交由调用者来处理。这类异常，主要指除了Error以及RuntimeException及其子类之外的异常。
2️⃣unchecked：是指那些不需要在编译的时候就要处理的一类异常。在java体系里，所有的Error以及RuntimeException及其子类都是unchecked异常。再形象直白的理解为不需要try catch等机制处理的异常，可以认为是unchecked的异常。

一、java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Path cannot be null

2019-06-20 09:49:11,120 [main-EventThread] ERROR [org.apache.curator.framework.imps.CuratorFrameworkImpl:566] - Watcher exception
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Path cannot be null
        at org.apache.curator.utils.PathUtils.validatePath(PathUtils.java:48)
        at org.apache.curator.utils.PathUtils.validatePath(PathUtils.java:37)
        at org.apache.curator.utils.ZKPaths.fixForNamespace(ZKPaths.java:105)
        at org.apache.curator.framework.imps.NamespaceImpl.fixForNamespace(NamespaceImpl.java:104)
        at org.apache.curator.framework.imps.CuratorFrameworkImpl.fixForNamespace(CuratorFrameworkImpl.java:594)
        at org.apache.curator.framework.imps.GetChildrenBuilderImpl.forPath(GetChildrenBuilderImpl.java:198)
        at org.apache.curator.framework.imps.GetChildrenBuilderImpl.forPath(GetChildrenBuilderImpl.java:40)
        at com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.zookeeper.curator.CuratorZookeeperClient$CuratorWatcherImpl.process(CuratorZookeeperClient.java:131)
        at org.apache.curator.framework.imps.NamespaceWatcher.process(NamespaceWatcher.java:68)
        at org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn$EventThread.processEvent(ClientCnxn.java:530)
        at org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn$EventThread.run(ClientCnxn.java:505)

二、Exception in thread “main” com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException:

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.5\lib\idea_rt.jar=58742:D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.5\bin" -Dfile.encoding=GBK -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\workspace\mchopin\target\classes;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-web\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-web-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.11.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.11.2.jar;D:\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.11.2\log4j-api-2.11.2.jar;D:\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.26\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.26.jar;D:\repository\javax\annotation\javax.annotation-api\1.3.2\javax.annotation-api-1.3.2.jar;D:\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.23\snakeyaml-1.23.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-json\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-json-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-databind\2.9.8\jackson-databind-2.9.8.jar;D:\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-annotations\2.9.0\jackson-annotations-2.9.0.jar;D:\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-core\2.9.8\jackson-core-2.9.8.jar;D:\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jdk8\2.9.8\jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.9.8.jar;D:\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jsr310\2.9.8\jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.9.8.jar;D:\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\module\jackson-module-parameter-names\2.9.8\jackson-module-parameter-names-2.9.8.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-tomcat\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\9.0.19\tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar;D:\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-el\9.0.19\tomcat-embed-el-9.0.19.jar;D:\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-websocket\9.0.19\tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.19.jar;D:\repository\org\hibernate\validator\hibernate-validator\6.0.16.Final\hibernate-validator-6.0.16.Final.jar;D:\repository\javax\validation\validation-api\2.0.1.Final\validation-api-2.0.1.Final.jar;D:\repository\org\jboss\logging\jboss-logging\3.3.2.Final\jboss-logging-3.3.2.Final.jar;D:\repository\com\fasterxml\classmate\1.4.0\classmate-1.4.0.jar;D:\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.26\slf4j-api-1.7.26.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-core-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-web\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-web-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-context-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\mybatis\mybatis\3.5.1\mybatis-3.5.1.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-jdbc\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-jdbc-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\com\zaxxer\HikariCP\3.2.0\HikariCP-3.2.0.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-jdbc\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-jdbc-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\5.1.7.RELEASE\spring-tx-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\mybatis\spring\boot\mybatis-spring-boot-starter\2.0.1\mybatis-spring-boot-starter-2.0.1.jar;D:\repository\org\mybatis\spring\boot\mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.0.1\mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.1.jar;D:\repository\org\mybatis\mybatis-spring\2.0.1\mybatis-spring-2.0.1.jar;D:\repository\mysql\mysql-connector-java\5.1.46\mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-devtools\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-devtools-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.1.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\repository\com\aliyun\aliyun-java-sdk-core\4.0.6\aliyun-java-sdk-core-4.0.6.jar;D:\repository\com\google\code\gson\gson\2.8.5\gson-2.8.5.jar;D:\repository\org\apache\httpcomponents\httpclient\4.5.8\httpclient-4.5.8.jar;D:\repository\org\apache\httpcomponents\httpcore\4.4.11\httpcore-4.4.11.jar;D:\repository\commons-codec\commons-codec\1.11\commons-codec-1.11.jar;D:\repository\javax\xml\bind\jaxb-api\2.3.1\jaxb-api-2.3.1.jar;D:\repository\javax\activation\javax.activation-api\1.2.0\javax.activation-api-1.2.0.jar;D:\repository\com\sun\xml\bind\jaxb-core\2.1.14\jaxb-core-2.1.14.jar;D:\repository\com\sun\xml\bind\jaxb-impl\2.1\jaxb-impl-2.1.jar;D:\repository\javax\activation\activation\1.1.1\activation-1.1.1.jar;D:\repository\com\aliyun\aliyun-java-sdk-dysmsapi\1.1.0\aliyun-java-sdk-dysmsapi-1.1.0.jar;D:\repository\com\alibaba\fastjson\1.2.47\fastjson-1.2.47.jar" com.xxp.mchopin.util.SmsDemo
Exception in thread "main" com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException: MissingAccessKeyId : AccessKeyId is mandatory for this action.
RequestId : F58F1F9E-8D3F-44A3-A64E-E6B4BCB51BA1
	at com.aliyuncs.DefaultAcsClient.parseAcsResponse(DefaultAcsClient.java:230)
	at com.aliyuncs.DefaultAcsClient.getAcsResponse(DefaultAcsClient.java:134)
	at com.xxp.mchopin.util.SmsDemo.sendSms(SmsDemo.java:47)
	at com.xxp.mchopin.util.SmsDemo.main(SmsDemo.java:70)

Process finished with exit code 1

三、java.io.IOException: Broken pipe

认识 broken pipe
pipe 是管道的意思，管道里面是数据流，通常是从文件或网络套接字读取的数据。当该管道从另一端突然关闭时，会发生数据突然中断，即是broken。对于文件File来说，这可能是文件安装在已断开连接的光盘或远程网络上。对于socket来说，可能是网络被拔出或另一端的进程崩溃。在Java中，没有具体的BrokenPipeException。将此类错误包含在另一个异常，例如java.io.IOException:Broken pipe

解决问题
其实当该异常产生的时候，对于服务端来说，并没有多少影响。因为可能是某个客户端突然中止了进程导致了该错误。但是为了程序能够美观、优雅，还是要在合适的地方捕获该异常，并处理一下。还有一种可能性就是程序里面有代码执行时间过长，用户等待时间过久，才会强行中止进程。那么这种情况下就需要去分析log中报异常的地方是经常发生在什么地方，合理优化该段代码，提升代码的运行速度，才能从根本上避免此类问题的再次发生。

四、java.net.MalformedURLException

URL url = new URL(param);

构建对象的时候，入参是null，导致URL转换失败。入参之前，进行非null判断，可避免此异常。

五、org.springframework.web.HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException

六、java.lang.Exception: Test class should have exactly one public zero-argument constructor

七、java.time.format.DateTimeParseException

Exception in thread "main" java.time.format.DateTimeParseException: Text '2008-8-08 00:00:00' could not be parsed at index 5
    at java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter.parseResolved0(DateTimeFormatter.java:1949)
    at java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter.parse(DateTimeFormatter.java:1851)
    at java.time.LocalDateTime.parse(LocalDateTime.java:492)
    at com.yikesong.core.domain.money.model.finance.FinanceService.getInstants(FinanceService.java:179)
    at com.yikesong.core.domain.money.model.finance.FinanceService.main(FinanceService.java:167)