BSD风格和SysV风格

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-14 16:20:34 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2022-10-14 16:20:34 发布 · 1.6k 阅读

4 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#Linux

Linux 专栏收录该内容

15 篇文章

订阅专栏

BSD风格：
a：所有与终端有关的进程
u：显示进程是由哪个用户启动的
x：所有与终端无关的进程，但不全是，所以通常和a一起使用
举例：
[root@ns1 ~]# ps ax | head -5
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:01 /sbin/init
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
4 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
[root@ns1 ~]# ps aux | head -5
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.1 19348 1556 ? Ss Apr23 0:01 /sbin/init
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr23 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr23 0:00 [migration/0]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr23 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
备注：PID：进程编号
TTY：所关联到的终端，其中的？表示与终端无关
STAT：表示进程状态
D：不可终端的睡眠
R：运行或就绪
S：可终端的睡眠
T：停止
Z：将死
<：高优先级进程
N：低优先级进程
+：前台进程组中的进程
比如启动一个bash，在这之下可以启动多个进程，这些进程同属一个终端；
而前台进程就是从命令行输入的进程，和当前终端相关的。
l：多线程进程
s：会话进程首进程
[root@ns1 ~]# pstree
init─┬─abrtd
├─acpid
├─atd
├─auditd───{auditd}
├─automount───4*[{automount}]
├─certmonger
├─crond
├─cupsd
├─dbus-daemon
├─hald─┬─hald-runner─┬─hald-addon-acpi
│ │ └─hald-addon-inpu
│ └─{hald}
├─master─┬─pickup
│ └─qmgr
├─mcelog
├─6*[mingetty]
├─rpc.statd
├─rpcbind
├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
├─sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
└─udevd───udevd
[root@ns1 ~]#
TIME：真正占据CPU的运行时长，而不是挂表时长
COMMAND：运行的命令
显示结果中如果加[]代表是内核线程，而不是用户进程
[root@ns1 ~]# ps aux | grep "bash"
root 1839 0.0 0.1 108324 1904 pts/0 Ss Apr23 0:00 -bash
root 25531 0.0 0.0 103344 844 pts/0 S+ 00:23 0:00 grep bash
[root@ns1 ~]#
SysV风格
e：显示所有进程
l：长格式显示
F：额外的完整格式（更多字段）
常用组合：
-elF
-ef
-eF
举例：
[root@ns1 ~]# ps -e
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:01 init
2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
3 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
4 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
5 ? 00:00:00 stopper/0
6 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0
7 ? 00:00:22 events/0
8 ? 00:00:00 events/0
9 ? 00:00:00 events_long/0
10 ? 00:00:00 events_power_ef
11 ? 00:00:00 cgroup
12 ? 00:00:00 khelper
13 ? 00:00:00 netns
14 ? 00:00:00 async/mgr
15 ? 00:00:00 pm
16 ? 00:00:00 sync_supers
17 ? 00:00:00 bdi-default
18 ? 00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
19 ? 00:00:02 kblockd/0
20 ? 00:00:00 kacpid
21 ? 00:00:00 kacpi_notify
22 ? 00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug
23 ? 00:00:00 ata_aux
24 ? 00:00:00 ata_sff/0
25 ? 00:00:00 ksuspend_usbd
26 ? 00:00:00 khubd
27 ? 00:00:00 kseriod
28 ? 00:00:00 md/0
29 ? 00:00:00 md_misc/0
30 ? 00:00:00 linkwatch
32 ? 00:00:00 khungtaskd
33 ? 00:00:00 kswapd0
34 ? 00:00:00 ksmd
35 ? 00:00:00 khugepaged
36 ? 00:00:00 aio/0
37 ? 00:00:00 crypto/0
44 ? 00:00:00 kthrotld/0
45 ? 00:00:00 pciehpd
47 ? 00:00:00 kpsmoused
48 ? 00:00:00 usbhid_resumer
49 ? 00:00:00 deferwq
81 ? 00:00:00 kdmremove
82 ? 00:00:00 kstriped
113 ? 00:00:00 ttm_swap
245 ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_0
248 ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_1
259 ? 00:00:01 mpt_poll_0
260 ? 00:00:00 mpt/0
261 ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_2
417 ? 00:00:01 jbd2/sda3-8
418 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
511 ? 00:00:00 flush-8:0
515 ? 00:00:00 udevd
652 ? 00:00:01 vmmemctl
812 ? 00:00:00 udevd
817 ? 00:00:00 kdmflush
850 ? 00:00:00 jbd2/sda1-8
851 ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
854 ? 00:00:00 kjournald
897 ? 00:00:00 kauditd
956 ? 00:00:00 ib_addr
961 ? 00:00:00 infiniband/0
970 ? 00:00:00 ib_mcast
975 ? 00:00:00 iw_cm_wq
980 ? 00:00:00 ib_cm/0
985 ? 00:00:00 rdma_cm
1006 ? 00:00:00 ipoib_flush
1224 ? 00:00:00 auditd
1258 ? 00:00:00 rsyslogd
1309 ? 00:00:00 rpcbind
1331 ? 00:00:00 rpc.statd
1366 ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon
1387 ? 00:00:00 cupsd
1419 ? 00:00:00 acpid
1431 ? 00:00:00 hald
1432 ? 00:00:00 hald-runner
1464 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-inpu
1482 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-acpi
1506 ? 00:00:01 automount
1554 ? 00:00:00 mcelog
1571 ? 00:00:00 sshd
1650 ? 00:00:00 master
1657 ? 00:00:00 qmgr
1664 ? 00:00:00 abrtd
1691 ? 00:00:00 crond
1706 ? 00:00:00 atd
1722 ? 00:00:00 certmonger
1761 tty1 00:00:00 mingetty
1764 tty2 00:00:00 mingetty
1769 tty3 00:00:00 mingetty
1773 tty4 00:00:00 mingetty
1775 tty5 00:00:00 mingetty
1778 tty6 00:00:00 mingetty
1837 ? 00:00:00 sshd
1839 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
25276 ? 00:00:00 pickup
25536 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@ns1 ~]#

[root@ns1 ~]# ps -el
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
4 S 0 1 0 0 80 0 - 4837 poll_s ? 00:00:01 init
1 S 0 2 0 0 80 0 - 0 kthrea ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
1 S 0 3 2 0 -40 - - 0 migrat ? 00:00:00 migration/0
1 S 0 4 2 0 80 0 - 0 ksofti ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
1 S 0 5 2 0 -40 - - 0 cpu_st ? 00:00:00 stopper/0
1 S 0 6 2 0 -40 - - 0 watchd ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0
1 S 0 7 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:22 events/0
1 S 0 8 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events/0
1 S 0 9 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events_long/0
1 S 0 10 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 events_power_ef
1 S 0 11 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 cgroup
1 S 0 12 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 khelper
1 S 0 13 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 netns
1 S 0 14 2 0 80 0 - 0 async_ ? 00:00:00 async/mgr
1 S 0 15 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 pm
1 S 0 16 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_sy ? 00:00:00 sync_supers
1 S 0 17 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_fo ? 00:00:00 bdi-default
1 S 0 18 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
1 S 0 19 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:02 kblockd/0
1 S 0 20 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kacpid
1 S 0 21 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kacpi_notify
1 S 0 22 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug
1 S 0 23 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ata_aux
1 S 0 24 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ata_sff/0
1 S 0 25 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ksuspend_usbd
1 S 0 26 2 0 80 0 - 0 hub_th ? 00:00:00 khubd
5 S 0 27 2 0 80 0 - 0 serio_ ? 00:00:00 kseriod
1 S 0 28 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 md/0
1 S 0 29 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 md_misc/0
1 S 0 30 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 linkwatch
1 S 0 32 2 0 80 0 - 0 watchd ? 00:00:00 khungtaskd
1 S 0 33 2 0 80 0 - 0 kswapd ? 00:00:00 kswapd0
1 S 0 34 2 0 85 5 - 0 ksm_sc ? 00:00:00 ksmd
1 S 0 35 2 0 99 19 - 0 khugep ? 00:00:00 khugepaged
1 S 0 36 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 aio/0
1 S 0 37 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 crypto/0
1 S 0 44 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kthrotld/0
1 S 0 45 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 pciehpd
1 S 0 47 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kpsmoused
1 S 0 48 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 usbhid_resumer
1 S 0 49 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 deferwq
1 S 0 81 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kdmremove
1 S 0 82 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kstriped
1 S 0 113 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ttm_swap
1 S 0 245 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_0
1 S 0 248 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_1
1 S 0 259 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:01 mpt_poll_0
1 S 0 260 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 mpt/0
1 S 0 261 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e ? 00:00:00 scsi_eh_2
1 S 0 417 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn ? 00:00:01 jbd2/sda3-8
1 S 0 418 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
1 S 0 511 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_wr ? 00:00:00 flush-8:0
5 S 0 515 1 0 76 -4 - 2703 poll_s ? 00:00:00 udevd
1 S 0 652 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:01 vmmemctl
5 S 0 812 515 0 78 -2 - 2663 poll_s ? 00:00:00 udevd
1 S 0 817 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 kdmflush
1 S 0 850 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn ? 00:00:00 jbd2/sda1-8
1 S 0 851 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit
1 S 0 854 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn ? 00:00:00 kjournald
1 S 0 897 2 0 80 0 - 0 kaudit ? 00:00:00 kauditd
1 S 0 956 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ib_addr
1 S 0 961 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 infiniband/0
1 S 0 970 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ib_mcast
1 S 0 975 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 iw_cm_wq
1 S 0 980 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ib_cm/0
1 S 0 985 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 rdma_cm
1 S 0 1006 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker ? 00:00:00 ipoib_flush
5 S 0 1224 1 0 76 -4 - 7443 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 auditd
5 S 0 1258 1 0 80 0 - 62272 poll_s ? 00:00:00 rsyslogd
5 S 32 1309 1 0 80 0 - 4746 poll_s ? 00:00:00 rpcbind
5 S 29 1331 1 0 80 0 - 5839 poll_s ? 00:00:00 rpc.statd
5 S 81 1366 1 0 80 0 - 5360 poll_s ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon
4 S 0 1387 1 0 80 0 - 47271 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 cupsd
1 S 0 1419 1 0 80 0 - 1021 poll_s ? 00:00:00 acpid
5 S 68 1431 1 0 80 0 - 9563 poll_s ? 00:00:00 hald
0 S 0 1432 1431 0 80 0 - 5100 poll_s ? 00:00:00 hald-runner
0 S 0 1464 1432 0 80 0 - 5630 poll_s ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-inpu
4 S 68 1482 1432 0 80 0 - 4502 unix_s ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-acpi
5 S 0 1506 1 0 80 0 - 96540 sys_rt ? 00:00:01 automount
1 S 0 1554 1 0 80 0 - 1567 poll_s ? 00:00:00 mcelog
5 S 0 1571 1 0 80 0 - 16565 poll_s ? 00:00:00 sshd
4 S 0 1650 1 0 80 0 - 20240 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 master
4 S 89 1657 1650 0 80 0 - 20302 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 qmgr
1 S 0 1664 1 0 80 0 - 45728 poll_s ? 00:00:00 abrtd
1 S 0 1691 1 0 80 0 - 29222 hrtime ? 00:00:00 crond
5 S 0 1706 1 0 80 0 - 5278 hrtime ? 00:00:00 atd
1 S 0 1722 1 0 80 0 - 16106 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 certmonger
4 S 0 1761 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ tty1 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1764 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ tty2 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1769 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ tty3 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1773 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ tty4 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1775 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ tty5 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1778 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ tty6 00:00:00 mingetty
4 S 0 1837 1571 0 80 0 - 26158 poll_s ? 00:00:00 sshd
4 S 0 1839 1837 0 80 0 - 27081 do_wai pts/0 00:00:00 bash
4 S 89 25276 1650 0 80 0 - 20260 ep_pol ? 00:00:00 pickup
4 R 0 25538 1839 2 80 0 - 27037 - pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@ns1 ~]#

[root@ns1 ~]# ps -elF
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD
4 S root 1 0 0 80 0 - 4837 poll_s 1556 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:01 /sb
1 S root 2 0 0 80 0 - 0 kthrea 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 3 2 0 -40 - - 0 migrat 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 4 2 0 80 0 - 0 ksofti 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 5 2 0 -40 - - 0 cpu_st 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 6 2 0 -40 - - 0 watchd 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 7 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:22 0
1 S root 8 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 9 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 10 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 11 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 12 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 13 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 14 2 0 80 0 - 0 async_ 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 15 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 16 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_sy 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 17 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_fo 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 18 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 19 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:02 0
1 S root 20 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 21 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 22 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 23 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 24 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 25 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 26 2 0 80 0 - 0 hub_th 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
5 S root 27 2 0 80 0 - 0 serio_ 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 28 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 29 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 30 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 32 2 0 80 0 - 0 watchd 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 33 2 0 80 0 - 0 kswapd 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 34 2 0 85 5 - 0 ksm_sc 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 35 2 0 99 19 - 0 khugep 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 36 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 37 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 44 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 45 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 47 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 48 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 49 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 81 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 82 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 113 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 245 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 248 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 259 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:01 0
1 S root 260 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 261 2 0 80 0 - 0 scsi_e 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 417 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:01 0
1 S root 418 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 511 2 0 80 0 - 0 bdi_wr 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
5 S root 515 1 0 76 -4 - 2703 poll_s 920 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /sb
1 S root 652 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:01 0
5 S root 812 515 0 78 -2 - 2663 poll_s 800 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /sb
1 S root 817 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 850 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 851 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 854 2 0 80 0 - 0 kjourn 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 897 2 0 80 0 - 0 kaudit 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 956 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 961 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 970 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 975 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 980 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 985 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
1 S root 1006 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 0 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 0
5 S root 1224 1 0 76 -4 - 7443 ep_pol 868 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 aud
5 S root 1258 1 0 80 0 - 62272 poll_s 1652 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /sb
5 S rpc 1309 1 0 80 0 - 4746 poll_s 880 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 rpc
5 S rpcuser 1331 1 0 80 0 - 5839 poll_s 1376 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 rpc
5 S dbus 1366 1 0 80 0 - 5360 poll_s 928 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 dbu
4 S root 1387 1 0 80 0 - 47271 ep_pol 3368 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 cup
1 S root 1419 1 0 80 0 - 1021 poll_s 660 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /us
5 S 68 1431 1 0 80 0 - 9563 poll_s 4140 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 hal
0 S root 1432 1431 0 80 0 - 5100 poll_s 1372 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 hal
0 S root 1464 1432 0 80 0 - 5630 poll_s 1292 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 hal
4 S 68 1482 1432 0 80 0 - 4502 unix_s 1148 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 hal
5 S root 1506 1 0 80 0 - 96540 sys_rt 1928 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:01 aut
1 S root 1554 1 0 80 0 - 1567 poll_s 380 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /us
5 S root 1571 1 0 80 0 - 16565 poll_s 1248 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /us
4 S root 1650 1 0 80 0 - 20240 ep_pol 3452 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /us
4 S postfix 1657 1650 0 80 0 - 20302 ep_pol 3460 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 qmg
1 S root 1664 1 0 80 0 - 45728 poll_s 2388 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /us
1 S root 1691 1 0 80 0 - 29222 hrtime 1272 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 cro
5 S root 1706 1 0 80 0 - 5278 hrtime 500 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /us
1 S root 1722 1 0 80 0 - 16106 ep_pol 1424 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 /us
4 S root 1761 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ 584 0 Apr23 tty1 00:00:00 /sb
4 S root 1764 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ 580 0 Apr23 tty2 00:00:00 /sb
4 S root 1769 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ 580 0 Apr23 tty3 00:00:00 /sb
4 S root 1773 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ 580 0 Apr23 tty4 00:00:00 /sb
4 S root 1775 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ 580 0 Apr23 tty5 00:00:00 /sb
4 S root 1778 1 0 80 0 - 1017 n_tty_ 580 0 Apr23 tty6 00:00:00 /sb
4 S root 1837 1571 0 80 0 - 26158 poll_s 4588 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 ssh
4 S root 1839 1837 0 80 0 - 27081 do_wai 1904 0 Apr23 pts/0 00:00:00 -ba
4 S postfix 25276 1650 0 80 0 - 20260 ep_pol 3408 0 Apr23 ? 00:00:00 pic
4 R root 25540 1839 1 80 0 - 27563 - 1144 0 00:27 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@ns1 ~]#
备注：PPID：父进程的进程ID（Parent Process id）
NI：优先级（Nice）
PRI：进程优先级编号（Priority）
WCHAN：进程正在睡眠的内核函数名称：该函数的名称是从/root/system.map文件中获得的。
FLAGS：与进程相关的数字标识。
PSR：正在运行在哪个CPU上
free
解释：可以显示当前系统未使用的和已使用的内存数目，还可以显示被内核使用的内存缓冲区。
选项：-b：以Byte为单位显示内存使用情况：
-k：以KB为单位显示内存使用情况：
-m：以MB为单位显示内存使用情况：
-o：不显示缓冲区调节列：
-s<间隔秒数>：持续观察内存使用状况；
-t：显示内存总和列；
-V：显示版本信息。
举例：
[root@ns1 ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 980 476 503 0 48 302
-/+ buffers/cache: 125 854
Swap: 2047 0 2047
[root@ns1 ~]#
备注：total：物理内存2871MB；
swap：交换内存6143MB
第一部分Men行解释：
total：内存总数；used：已经使用的内存数；free：空闲的内存数；
shared：当前已经废弃不用；buffers
Buffer：缓存内存数；cached Page：缓存内存数；关系：total = used + free
第二部分（-/+buffers/cache）解释：
（-buffers/cache）used内存数：第一部分Men行中的used - buffers - cached
（+buffers/cache）
free内存数：第一部分Men行中的free + buffers +cached
可见-buffers/cache反映的是被程序实实在在吃掉的内存，而+buffers/cache反映的是可以挪用的内存总数。
第三部分是指交换分区。
pidof（了解即可）
解释：用来查找正在运行进程的进程号（pid）的工具
举例：
[root@ns1 ~]# pidof sshd
1837 1571
[root@ns1 ~]#
top（重要，结合windows任务管理器讲解）
解释：命令行下动态下显示每个进程，每五秒刷新一次
选项：-d：指定延迟时长，默认单位为秒
[root@ns1 ~]# top -d 1
top - 01:00:15 up 8:42, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 97 total, 1 running, 96 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1004112k total, 488628k used, 515484k free, 50148k buffers
Swap: 2097148k total, 0k used, 2097148k free, 309576k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1837 root 20 0 102m 4600 3552 S 1.0 0.5 0:00.44 sshd
25612 root 20 0 15036 1204 932 R 1.0 0.1 0:00.03 top
1 root 20 0 19348 1556 1232 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.68 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 watchdog/0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:23.98 events/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.43 sync_supers
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bdi-default
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.85 kblockd/0
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify
22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ata_sff/0
25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 linkwatch
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 khungtaskd
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khugepaged
[root@ns1 ~]#
-b：刷屏显示（默认一屏显示不完）
[root@ns1 ~]# top -d 1 -b
top - 01:01:47 up 8:44, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 97 total, 1 running, 96 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.4%sy, 0.1%ni, 99.3%id, 0.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1004112k total, 488628k used, 515484k free, 50184k buffers
Swap: 2097148k total, 0k used, 2097148k free, 309584k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 19348 1556 1232 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.68 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 watchdog/0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:24.05 events/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.43 sync_supers
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bdi-default
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.85 kblockd/0
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify
22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ata_sff/0
25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 linkwatch
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 khungtaskd
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khugepaged
36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0
37 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/0
44 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/0
45 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pciehpd
47 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused
48 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 usbhid_resumer
49 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 deferwq
81 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmremove
82 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped
113 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ttm_swap
245 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_0
248 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1
259 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.93 mpt_poll_0
260 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mpt/0
261 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2
417 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.10 jbd2/sda3-8
418 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
511 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.58 flush-8:0
515 root 16 -4 10812 920 344 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.30 udevd
652 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.03 vmmemctl
812 root 18 -2 10652 800 368 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 udevd
817 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush
850 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/sda1-8
851 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
854 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kjournald
897 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd
956 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_addr
961 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 infiniband/0
970 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_mcast
975 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 iw_cm_wq
980 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_cm/0
985 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rdma_cm
1006 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ipoib_flush
1224 root 16 -4 29772 868 620 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.15 auditd
1258 root 20 0 243m 1660 1096 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 rsyslogd
1309 rpc 20 0 18984 880 632 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.20 rpcbind
1331 rpcuser 20 0 23356 1376 920 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 rpc.statd
1366 dbus 20 0 21440 928 636 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 dbus-daemon
1387 root 20 0 184m 3368 2496 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.05 cupsd
1419 root 20 0 4084 660 540 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 acpid
1431 haldaemo 20 0 38252 4140 3144 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.80 hald
1432 root 20 0 20400 1372 1132 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 hald-runner
1464 root 20 0 22520 1292 1112 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-inpu
1482 haldaemo 20 0 18008 1148 984 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-acpi
1506 root 20 0 377m 1928 1412 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.23 automount
1554 root 20 0 6300 380 244 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mcelog
1571 root 20 0 66260 1248 520 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sshd
1650 root 20 0 80960 3452 2552 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.38 master
1657 postfix 20 0 81208 3460 2580 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 qmgr
1664 root 20 0 178m 2388 1556 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 abrtd
1691 root 20 0 114m 1272 660 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.33 crond
1706 root 20 0 21112 500 308 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 atd
1722 root 20 0 64424 1424 720 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 certmonger
1761 root 20 0 4068 584 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1764 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1769 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1773 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1775 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1778 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1837 root 20 0 102m 4600 3552 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.45 sshd
1839 root 20 0 105m 1904 1536 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.09 bash
25562 postfix 20 0 81040 3404 2536 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.02 pickup
25651 root 20 0 15032 1088 828 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 top
-n #：显示几百屏后退出
[root@ns1 ~]# top -d 1 -b -n 3
top - 01:03:56 up 8:46, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 97 total, 1 running, 96 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.4%sy, 0.1%ni, 99.3%id, 0.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1004112k total, 488628k used, 515484k free, 50216k buffers
Swap: 2097148k total, 0k used, 2097148k free, 309588k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 19348 1556 1232 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.68 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 watchdog/0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:24.14 events/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.44 sync_supers
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bdi-default
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.85 kblockd/0
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify
22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ata_sff/0
25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 linkwatch
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 khungtaskd
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khugepaged
36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0
37 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/0
44 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/0
45 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pciehpd
47 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused
48 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 usbhid_resumer
49 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 deferwq
81 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmremove
82 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped
113 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ttm_swap
245 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_0
248 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1
259 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.94 mpt_poll_0
260 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mpt/0
261 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2
417 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.10 jbd2/sda3-8
418 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
511 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.58 flush-8:0
515 root 16 -4 10812 920 344 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.30 udevd
652 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.04 vmmemctl
812 root 18 -2 10652 800 368 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 udevd
817 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush
850 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/sda1-8
851 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
854 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kjournald
897 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd
956 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_addr
961 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 infiniband/0
970 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_mcast
975 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 iw_cm_wq
980 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_cm/0
985 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rdma_cm
1006 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ipoib_flush
1224 root 16 -4 29772 868 620 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.15 auditd
1258 root 20 0 243m 1660 1096 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 rsyslogd
1309 rpc 20 0 18984 880 632 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.20 rpcbind
1331 rpcuser 20 0 23356 1376 920 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 rpc.statd
1366 dbus 20 0 21440 928 636 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 dbus-daemon
1387 root 20 0 184m 3368 2496 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.05 cupsd
1419 root 20 0 4084 660 540 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 acpid
1431 haldaemo 20 0 38252 4140 3144 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.80 hald
1432 root 20 0 20400 1372 1132 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 hald-runner
1464 root 20 0 22520 1292 1112 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-inpu
1482 haldaemo 20 0 18008 1148 984 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-acpi
1506 root 20 0 377m 1928 1412 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.23 automount
1554 root 20 0 6300 380 244 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mcelog
1571 root 20 0 66260 1248 520 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sshd
1650 root 20 0 80960 3452 2552 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.38 master
1657 postfix 20 0 81208 3460 2580 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 qmgr
1664 root 20 0 178m 2388 1556 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 abrtd
1691 root 20 0 114m 1272 660 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.33 crond
1706 root 20 0 21112 500 308 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 atd
1722 root 20 0 64424 1424 720 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 certmonger
1761 root 20 0 4068 584 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1764 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1769 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1773 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1775 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1778 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1837 root 20 0 102m 4600 3552 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.48 sshd
1839 root 20 0 105m 1904 1536 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 bash
25562 postfix 20 0 81040 3404 2536 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.03 pickup
25655 root 20 0 15032 1084 828 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 top

top - 01:03:57 up 8:46, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 97 total, 1 running, 96 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 1.0%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1004112k total, 488628k used, 515484k free, 50216k buffers
Swap: 2097148k total, 0k used, 2097148k free, 309588k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
25655 root 20 0 15040 1188 924 R 1.0 0.1 0:00.03 top
1 root 20 0 19348 1556 1232 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.68 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 watchdog/0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:24.14 events/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.44 sync_supers
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bdi-default
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.85 kblockd/0
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify
22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ata_sff/0
25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 linkwatch
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 khungtaskd
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khugepaged
36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0
37 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/0
44 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/0
45 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pciehpd
47 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused
48 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 usbhid_resumer
49 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 deferwq
81 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmremove
82 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped
113 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ttm_swap
245 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_0
248 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1
259 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.94 mpt_poll_0
260 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mpt/0
261 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2
417 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.10 jbd2/sda3-8
418 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
511 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.58 flush-8:0
515 root 16 -4 10812 920 344 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.30 udevd
652 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.04 vmmemctl
812 root 18 -2 10652 800 368 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 udevd
817 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush
850 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/sda1-8
851 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
854 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kjournald
897 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd
956 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_addr
961 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 infiniband/0
970 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_mcast
975 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 iw_cm_wq
980 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_cm/0
985 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rdma_cm
1006 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ipoib_flush
1224 root 16 -4 29772 868 620 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.15 auditd
1258 root 20 0 243m 1660 1096 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 rsyslogd
1309 rpc 20 0 18984 880 632 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.20 rpcbind
1331 rpcuser 20 0 23356 1376 920 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 rpc.statd
1366 dbus 20 0 21440 928 636 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 dbus-daemon
1387 root 20 0 184m 3368 2496 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.05 cupsd
1419 root 20 0 4084 660 540 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 acpid
1431 haldaemo 20 0 38252 4140 3144 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.80 hald
1432 root 20 0 20400 1372 1132 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 hald-runner
1464 root 20 0 22520 1292 1112 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-inpu
1482 haldaemo 20 0 18008 1148 984 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-acpi
1506 root 20 0 377m 1928 1412 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.23 automount
1554 root 20 0 6300 380 244 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mcelog
1571 root 20 0 66260 1248 520 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sshd
1650 root 20 0 80960 3452 2552 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.38 master
1657 postfix 20 0 81208 3460 2580 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 qmgr
1664 root 20 0 178m 2388 1556 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 abrtd
1691 root 20 0 114m 1272 660 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.33 crond
1706 root 20 0 21112 500 308 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 atd
1722 root 20 0 64424 1424 720 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 certmonger
1761 root 20 0 4068 584 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1764 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1769 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1773 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1775 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1778 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1837 root 20 0 102m 4600 3552 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.48 sshd
1839 root 20 0 105m 1904 1536 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 bash
25562 postfix 20 0 81040 3404 2536 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.03 pickup

top - 01:03:58 up 8:46, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 97 total, 1 running, 96 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1004112k total, 488628k used, 515484k free, 50216k buffers
Swap: 2097148k total, 0k used, 2097148k free, 309588k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1837 root 20 0 102m 4600 3552 S 1.0 0.5 0:00.49 sshd
1 root 20 0 19348 1556 1232 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.68 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 watchdog/0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:24.14 events/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.44 sync_supers
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bdi-default
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.85 kblockd/0
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify
22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ata_sff/0
25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 linkwatch
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 khungtaskd
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khugepaged
36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0
37 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/0
44 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/0
45 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pciehpd
47 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused
48 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 usbhid_resumer
49 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 deferwq
81 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmremove
82 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped
113 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ttm_swap
245 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_0
248 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1
259 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.94 mpt_poll_0
260 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mpt/0
261 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2
417 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.10 jbd2/sda3-8
418 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
511 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.58 flush-8:0
515 root 16 -4 10812 920 344 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.30 udevd
652 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.04 vmmemctl
812 root 18 -2 10652 800 368 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 udevd
817 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush
850 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/sda1-8
851 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit
854 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kjournald
897 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd
956 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_addr
961 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 infiniband/0
970 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_mcast
975 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 iw_cm_wq
980 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ib_cm/0
985 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rdma_cm
1006 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ipoib_flush
1224 root 16 -4 29772 868 620 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.15 auditd
1258 root 20 0 243m 1660 1096 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 rsyslogd
1309 rpc 20 0 18984 880 632 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.20 rpcbind
1331 rpcuser 20 0 23356 1376 920 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 rpc.statd
1366 dbus 20 0 21440 928 636 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 dbus-daemon
1387 root 20 0 184m 3368 2496 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.05 cupsd
1419 root 20 0 4084 660 540 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 acpid
1431 haldaemo 20 0 38252 4140 3144 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.80 hald
1432 root 20 0 20400 1372 1132 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 hald-runner
1464 root 20 0 22520 1292 1112 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-inpu
1482 haldaemo 20 0 18008 1148 984 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-acpi
1506 root 20 0 377m 1928 1412 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.23 automount
1554 root 20 0 6300 380 244 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mcelog
1571 root 20 0 66260 1248 520 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sshd
1650 root 20 0 80960 3452 2552 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.38 master
1657 postfix 20 0 81208 3460 2580 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 qmgr
1664 root 20 0 178m 2388 1556 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 abrtd
1691 root 20 0 114m 1272 660 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.33 crond
1706 root 20 0 21112 500 308 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 atd
1722 root 20 0 64424 1424 720 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 certmonger
1761 root 20 0 4068 584 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1764 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1769 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1773 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1775 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1778 root 20 0 4068 580 496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mingetty
1839 root 20 0 105m 1904 1536 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 bash
25562 postfix 20 0 81040 3404 2536 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.03 pickup
25655 root 20 0 15040 1188 924 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 top

[root@ns1 ~]#
举例：
[root@ns1 ~]# top
top - 01:05:31（系统时间） up 8:48（运行时长）, 1 user, load average（平均队列长度）: 0.00（过去一分钟）, 0.00（过去五分钟）, 0.00（过去十五分钟）
Tasks: 97 total（当前进程数）, 1 running（当前正在运行的，一般只有一个，除非是双核）, 96 sleeping, 0 stopped（停止的）, 0 zombie（僵死的）
Cpu(s)（按数字1可以查看每个CPU的运行情况，比如，CPU0,CPU1）: 0.3%us（用户空间，用户进程所占百分比）, 0.3%sy（内核所占百分比）, 0.0%ni（Nice值）, 99.3%id（idle值，空闲百分比，越大越好）, 0.0%wa（等待IO完成所占据的时间）, 0.0%hi（硬件终端所占据的时间）, 0.0%si（软件中断所占据时间）, 0.0%st（被偷走的时间，主要在虚拟化场景出现）
Mem: 1004112k total, 488628k used, 515484k free, 50224k buffers
Swap: 2097148k total, 0k used, 2097148k free, 309588k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1837 root 20 0 102m 4600 3552 S 0.3 0.5 0:00.50 sshd
25659 root 20 0 15036 1200 928 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.01 top
1 root 20 0 19348 1556 1232 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.68 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 watchdog/0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:24.20 events/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.44 sync_supers
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bdi-default
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.85 kblockd/0
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify
22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ata_sff/0
25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 linkwatch
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 khungtaskd
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khugepaged
[root@ns1 ~]#
备注：VIRT（虚拟内存集） RES（常驻内存集） SHR（共享内存大小） S（状态） TIME+（占据CPU时长）
此命令中可以进行交互，可以按下以下按键进行排序：
M：根据驻留内存大小进行排序
P：根据CPU适用百分比进行排序
T：根据累计时间进行排序

l：是否显示平均负载和启动时间
t：是否显示进行和CPU状态相关信息
m：是否显示内存相关信息

c：是否显示完整的命令行信息
q：退出top
k：终止某个进程
按下k后会出现PID top kill：，此时将要杀死的进程号写在这里回车就行。