当src和dst区域没有重叠时,两个函数是完全一样的。没有重叠的条件是: dst <= src || (char *)dst >= ((char *)src + count 。否则,memcpy是不能正常工作的,memmove是可以正常工作的。
memcpy函数
void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
DESCRIPTION
The memcpy() function copies n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest. The memory areas should not overlap. Use memmove(3)
if the memory areas do overlap.
memcpy函数的功能是从源src所指的内存地址的起始位置开始拷贝n个字节到目标dest所指的内存地址的起始位置中。
memcpy实现代码
void * __cdecl memcpy ( void * dst,const void * src,size_t count)
{
void * ret = dst;
while (count--)
{
// 注意, memcpy函数没有处理dst和src区域是否重叠的问题
*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
dst = (char *)dst + 1;
src = (char *)src + 1;
}
return(ret);
}
memmove函数
void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
DESCRIPTION
The memmove() function copies n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest. The memory areas may overlap: copying takes place as
though the bytes in src are first copied into a temporary array that does not overlap src or dest, and the bytes are then copied from
the temporary array to dest.
memmove用于从src拷贝n个字符到dest,如果目标区域和源区域有重叠的话,memmove能够保证源串在被覆盖之前将重叠区域的字节拷贝到目标区域中。但复制后src内容会被更改。但是当目标区域与源区域没有重叠则和memcpy函数功能相同。
memmove实现代码
void * __cdecl memmove ( void * dst,const void * src,size_t count)
{
void * ret = dst;
if (dst <= src || (char *)dst >= ((char *)src + count))
{
// 若dst和src区域没有重叠,则从起始处开始逐一拷贝
while (count--)
{
*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
dst = (char *)dst + 1;
src = (char *)src + 1;
}
}
else
{// 若dst和src 区域交叉,则从尾部开始向起始位置拷贝,这样可以避免数据冲突
dst = (char *)dst + count - 1;
src = (char *)src + count - 1;
while (count--)
{
*(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
dst = (char *)dst - 1;
src = (char *)src - 1;
}
}
return(ret);
}
memset函数
NAME
memset - fill memory with a constant byte
SYNOPSIS
#include <string.h>
void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);
DESCRIPTION
The memset() function fills the first n bytes of the memory area pointed to by s with the constant byte c.
RETURN VALUE
The memset() function returns a pointer to the memory area s.
memset函数一般用于对内存的初始化,在这里需要注意的是,memset函数是对内存中的每个字节(按字节)设置成c的值。
查看pint所值内存值为int *pint = NULL; pint = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); if (pint == NULL) { return 0; } memset(pint, 1, sizeof(int));